• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.519-531
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Regional disparities in dietary factors might be related to regional disparities in cardiometabolic health. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary factors with regional types in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Based on data from the 2007-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study included 39,781 adults aged ≥ 19 years who completed the dietary survey and a health examination. Healthy and unhealthy dietary factors (fat, sodium, fruit, and vegetable intakes) were evaluated using 1-day 24-h dietary recall method, as well as the use of nutrition labels with a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the participants, 48.7%, 36.0%, and 15.2% lived in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively. Adults living in urban and rural had higher odds ratios (ORs) for obesity (OR for urban, 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.14; OR for rural, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24) than adults living in metropolitan areas; these associations were significantly observed in middle-aged adults. Compared to metropolitan residents, rural residents had lower ORs for hypertension in middle-aged (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96) and metabolic syndrome in older adults (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91). Regarding urban residents, a lower OR for diabetes in middle-aged adults (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.97) and a higher OR for hypertension in older adults (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) were observed. Overall rural residents had higher ORs of excessive carbohydrate, low fruit, and high salted-vegetable intakes than metropolitan residents. Low fruit intake was positively associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, after adjustment for regional type and other confounders in total participants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that cardiometabolic risk and unhealthy dietary factors differ among regional types and age groups within Korea. Nutritional policy and interventions should consider regional types for prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2016

Background: Many studies have explained regional disparities in health by socioeconomic status and healthcare resources, focusing on differences between urban and rural area. However some cities in Korea have the highest cardiovascular mortality, even though they have sufficient healthcare resources. So this study aims to confirm three hypotheses. (1) There are also regional health disparities between cities not only between urban and rural area. (2) It has different regional risk factors affecting cardiovascular mortality whether it is urban or rural area. (3) Besides socioeconomic and healthcare resources factors, there are remnant factors that affect regional cardiovascular mortality such as health behavior and physical environment. Methods: The subject of this study is 227 local authorities (si, gun, and gu). They were categorized into city (gu and si consisting of urban area) and non-city (gun consisting of rural area), and the city group was subdivided into 3 parts to reflect relative different city status: city 1 (Seoul, Gyeonggi cities), city 2 (Gwangyeoksi cities), and city 3 (other cities). We compared their mortalities among four groups by using analysis of variance analysis. And we explored what had contributed to it in whole authorities, city and non-city group by using multiple regression analysis. Results: Cardiovascular mortality is highest in city 2 group, lowest in city 1 group and middle in non-city group. Socioeconomic status and current smoking significantly increase mortality regardless of group. Other than those things, in city, there are some factors associated with cardiovascular mortality: walking practice(-), weight control attempt(-), deficiency of sports facilities(+), and high rate of factory lot(+). In non-city, there are other factors different from those of city: obesity prevalence(+), self-perceiving obesity(-), number of public health institutions(-), and road ratio(-). Conclusion: To reduce cardiovascular mortality and it's regional disparities, we need to consider differentiated approach, respecting regional character and different risk factors. Also, it is crucial to strengthen local government's capacity for practicing community health policy.

• 지역연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.53-71
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• 2023

본 연구는 국내 7대 특·광역시를 대상으로 지난 20년(1996~2016년)간의 고용성장에 대한 요인별 기여도를 파악하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 통계청에서 제공하는 사업체 조사 자료를 바탕으로 다요인분해(multifactor partitioning, MFP)분석을 수행하였다. 분석의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장기간에 걸친 대도시권의 고용성장에서는 전반적으로 지역효과가 지배적인 영향력을 보이고 있으며, 산업구조효과가 이를 뒤따르고 있다. 동태적 다요인분해분석 결과는 향후 지역 간 고용 격차가 산업구조에 의해 설명될 가능성이 크다는 것을 보여준다. 둘째, 성별과 양질의 일자리구성효과는 지역별 고용성장에 큰 기여를 보이지 않는다. 단, 실질적인 개별 인자들의 기여를 보면 남성-상용근로자의 고용감소와 여성-비상용근로자의 고용성장 패턴을 유추할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 각 지역 산업의 구조적 전환과 고용안정성이 동반된 질적성장을 도모할 수 있는 고용정책의 중요성과 필요성을 의미한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2012

This study was carried out to analyze the disparities of basic living infrastructure between Guns(rural counties), and between Eups/Myuns(rural districts) in Jeollanam-do province. For the purpose of this study, dimensions of regional disparity in basic living structure were measured by 3 components ; road, public water service and sewage disposal. By utilizing the published statistics, this study has examined 8 Guns(counties) containing Eup and Myon in Jeollanam-do province which can represent 4 different rural areal types, respectively, i,e. mountainous, semi-mountainous, flat and seashore areas. The data acquisition time of this study is fixed on end of 2009 year in order for possible collections of the most recent published statistics. It presents evidence on the magnitude and evolution of discussion of regional disparities between Guns(counties), and between Eup & Myon, and between Myons in Jeollanam-do province even though infrastructure provision level of Jeollanam-do rural areas are much more improved than the past. Concludingly, the existing disparities in this area is meaningful and so, it should be seriously reconsidered when deciding local government's budget allocation priority.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2008

본 연구는 1990년대 이후에 나타난 중앙정부 지역정책의 패러다임 변화를 논의하였다. 특히, 지역정책의 발상지인 영국에서 1928년부터 2000년대까지 전개되어온 중앙정부의 지역정책 변화를 살펴보되 최근 10년간의 동향에 초점을 맞추었다. 최근 10년간의 주요 변화는 지역격차 완화를 위해 규제와 지원을 통해 산업과 인구의 공간분포를 변형시키고자 하는 중앙정부의 개입주의적인 하향식 지역정책이 지역경쟁력 강화와 그것을 위한 지역발전의 분권화를 추진하는 지역정책으로 전환하고 있다는 것이다. 그리고 그러한 전환 속에서도 영국 중앙정부는 지역격차 완화를 계속 추구해오고 있다. 또한 본고는 영국 중앙정부의 지역정책 변화가 대내외 환경 변화 속에서 우리나라 중앙정부의 향후 지역정책 방향 설정에 던져주는 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.679-690
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Concerns about regional disparities in heathy eating and nutritional status among South Korean adults are increasing. This study aims to identify the magnitude of regional disparities in diet and nutritional status among Korean adults who completed the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were a nationally representative sample of Korean adults aged 19 years and older from the 2017 KNHANES (n = 6,126). We employed the svy commands in STATA to accommodate the complex survey design. The relative concentration index (RCI), absolute concentration index (ACI) and index of disparity were used to measure regional nutritional inequalities. RESULTS: Overweight and obese adults were more prevalent among the poor than among the rich in urban areas (RCI = -0.041; P < 0.05), while overweight and obese adults were more prevalent among the rich than among the poor in rural areas of South Korea (RCI = 0.084; P < 0.05). Economic inequality in fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 500 g per day was greater in rural areas than in urban areas in both relative size (RCI = 0.228 vs. 0.091, difference in equality = 0.137; P < 0.05) and absolute size (ACI = 0.055 vs. 0.023, difference in equality = 0.032; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides useful information identifying opposite directions in the relative concentration curves between urban and rural areas. Adult overweight/obesity was more prevalent among the poor in urban areas, while adult overweight/obesity was more prevalent among the rich in rural areas. Public health nutrition systems should be implemented to identify nutritional inequalities that should be targeted across regions in South Korea.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2015

남북간의 극심한 개발격차를 줄이기 위해서 우리는 중단기에 북한경제회생의 기반을 마련하는데 초점을 맞출 필요가 있다. 이러한 측면에서 식량부족과 에너지부족문제의 해결, 재해복구 등을 통한 경제회생의 기반 마련이 중요하다. 장기적으로는 남한지역과의 지역개발격차를 축소함과 동시에 북한지역내 균형발전을 도모하는 것이 필요하다. 향후 북한의 지역개발은 북한이 갖고 있는 정책과 우리의 정책 그리고 중국 등 주변국의 정책동향을 종합적으로 고려해서 추진할 필요가 있을 것이다. 북한의 지역개발을 위한 우리와 북한 그리고 국제사회의 협력은 다음과 같은 방향으로 추진될 필요가 있다. 먼저 한반도의 장기적인 발전측면에서 북한 지역발전의 성장동력을 육성 한 후 그 효과를 주변에 전파하는 것이 필요하다. 장기적으로 북한지역 발전의 중요한 동력이 될 첨단산업과 고부가 관광서비스산업(MICE), 물류산업 등을 육성하는 것이 필요하다. 북한의 지역별 여건과 지역발전의 효율성을 고려한 맞춤형 발전전략을 추진하는 것이 필요하다. 지역별 특성을 고려하여 제조업중심형, 관광서비스업중심형 발전 전략을 추진하는 것이 필요하다. 북한의 지역개발이 체계적이고 지속가능한 방식으로 진행되기 위해서는 정부와 민간 그리고 국제사회의 지속가능한 협력체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 정부나 국제금융기구차원의 인프라지원과 민간의 투자를 연계할 수 있는 방안이 이러한 측면에서 모색될 필요가 있을 것이다. 북한의 지역개발이 성공적으로 추진됨으로써 한반도 공동번영의 토대를 마련하기 위해서는 우리내부적인 정책준비가 필요하다. 이러한 측면에서 북한 지역개발사업에 대한 우리 정부지원의 원칙과 기준을 분명하게 설정할 필요가 있다. 우리의 대북정책에 공간개발 마인드를 접목하는 것이 필요하다. 드레스덴 선언의 실현을 위한 세부 실천방안을 공간적 개발차원에서 검토하는 것이 필요하다. 북한 주민들의 민생인프라 개선과 지역개발을 접목하는 시각이 고려될 필요가 있다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2023

Background: Personal socio-economic abilities are crucial as it affects health inequalities. These multidimensional inequalities across the regions have been structured and fixed. This study aimed to analyze health vulnerabilities by regional cluster and identify regional health disparities of self-rated health, using nationally representative cross-sectional data. Methods: This study used personal and regional data. Data from the Community Health Survey 2021 were analyzed. K-means cluster analysis was applied to 250 si-gun-gu using administrative regional data. The clusters were based on three areas: physical environment, health-related behaviors and biological factors, and the psychosocial environment through the conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. And binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the differences in self-rated health status by the regional clusters, controlling human biology, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare organization factors. Results: The most vulnerable group was group 3, the moderate vulnerable group was group 1, and the least vulnerable group was group 2. The group 2 was more likely to have high self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (odds ratio [OR], 1.023; p<0.001). And the group 3 showed low self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (OR, 0.775; p<0.001). However, the moderate vulnerable group had significantly higher self-rated health status than the most vulnerable group (group 2: OR, 1.023; p<0.001; group 3: OR, 0.775; p<0.001). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that community members' health status is influenced by regional determinants of health and individual levels. And these contribute to understanding the importance of specific and differentiated interventions like locally tailored support programs considering both individual and regional health determinants.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.201-230
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• 2017

This paper studies the long-run behavior of relative price dispersion among cities in Korea with a special emphasis on heterogeneous transitional patterns of price level dynamics. Formal statistical tests indicate considerable evidence for rejecting the null of relative price level convergence among the majority of cities over the sample period of 1985-2015. The analysis of gravity model suggests that the effect of transportation costs on intercity price level differentials is limited, while other socioeconomic factors, such as income, input factor prices, demographic structure, and housing price growth, play key roles in accounting for persistent regional price level disparities. Individual price levels are found to be better explained by a multiple-component model, and the deviations from PPP may be attributed to distinct stochastic common trends that are characterized by income and demographic structure.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.324-329
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• 2006

The silicone rubber implants are widely used in plastic surgery because of various advantages; however, calcification in surface of implant(as a chemical resistance) may transform or destroy the high molecular biomaterial when it stays too long within the human body. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between calcification and the histological disparities of the tissues surrounding the area adjoining the silicone nasal implant by examining the regional characteristics of calcium deposits in the silicone nasal implant via elemental analyses using EDX(energy-dispersive X-ray analysis) and ultrastructural analyses using SEM(scanning electron microscopy). The subjects of the study were 19 silicone nasal implants removed by revision rhinoplasty, all displaying calcification. According to the tissue characters, the implant surface was divided into 4 zones with the rhinion as the basis. For each zone, elemental and ultrastructural analyses were performed. Elemental analysis revealed that the calcium deposits consisted of Ca and P only. There were no statistically significant disparities among the ratios between Ca and P according to the zones. Ultrastructural analysis showed acellular mineral-like deposits coalesced to create amorphous deposits in all zones; however, in zones 1 and 3(more pressurized zones by periosteum or nasal bone), additional flaky cylinder-shaped calcium deposits were detected. Thus, it seems that the histological disparities in the surrounding tissues do not affect the components and their proportions in the calcification process. However, it can be inferred that the physical environment due to the histological disparities in the surrounding tissues affects the ultrastructures of calcium deposits.