Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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no.2
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pp.81-87
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2004
The objective of our research was an international comparison focusing on studies conducted on parks and green spaces undertaken in Japan and Korea. We also aim to clarify the similarities and differences between the two countries and consider the key features of the researches on the field of landscape architecture. We compared the recent trends of Japanese institute with Korean observed in the theme of research papers adopt title of them. The research period spanned approximately twenty years, from 1980 to 2003. We employed the Table of Contents information search system to research academic journal articles and to select the journals that included articles with the key words [park(s)] or [green space(s)] in their title. We chronologically arranged the journals for each country, based on the total number of journals and classification categories. We then conducted a comparative examination among the two countries. We also contributed information on the circumstances behind the formulation or amendment of some policies and laws and we checked the results against the research trend. Among the selected journals, the number of papers was the highest by the Institute of Landscape Architecture. But the reason for increase of the number of papers on green spaces in Japanese journals was not published by the Institute of Landscape Architecture but by the City Planning Institute and the Architecture Institute. In Japan, the papers on parks categorized under historical study were the highest among all categories. On the other hand, in Korean journals, papers on parks categorized under historical study were few. A similar trend was recognized in papers on green spaces. Every society is concerned with the study of function and effect. However, some exact differences have been observed by category classification. In Japan, the percentage of function and effect papers on parks was less than those on green spaces. In Korea, both percentages for these groups were high. The category of system and policy accounted for $17\%$ of the papers on green spaces in Korea. This result was higher than the number of papers on green spaces and parks in Japan and parks in Korea. Recently, the number of papers focusing on large-scale green space system has decreased in Japan. The trend in the study of parks and green spaces on a regional scale or at an individual level will be closely monitored. Systems and modeling studies have been focusing in Korea. The understanding between the administration and the citizens was peculiar to each country.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the health factors of the elderly according to the region by analyzing the physical fitness and fall efficacy of the female elderly living in rural and urban areas. The subjects of this study consisted of 98 female elderly people living in rural and urban areas who exercise health and cheerleading at least twice a week at the regional center(REG; n=46, 77.53±6.37 yrs, 151.81±5.26 cm, 60.00±9.42 kg, UEG; n=53, 73.57±2.70 yrs, 154.07±3.52 cm, 57.37±2.06 kg). Physical strength was measured for muscular endurance, cardiopulmonary endurance, and flexibility. Falling efficacy was measured using 10 items of Fall Efficacy Scale developed by Tinetti et al. Significant differences in flexibility and fall efficacy were found in urban older adults (p<.01, p<.05). There was no significant difference in muscular endurance and cardiac endurance (p>.05). In the future, studies to improve the imbalance of health factors of the elderly in the region should be continuously conducted.
An epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate fowl typhoid outbreaks in Kyungnam province of Korea. The causative agent, salmonella gallinarum was isolated from 68 chicken samples of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid cases occurred during the period from January 1996 to September 1999. Comparative studies were also carried out to evaluate the diagnostic methods for detection of S gallinam The results obtained were as follows; 1. Of the 68 cases of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid, 56 (82%) cases were determined as fowl typhoid by biochemical test and pathological findings. The other 12 (18%) cases were determined as paratyphoid. 2. Fowl typhoid outbreaks occur continuously all seasons in the year, however the incidence was remarkably increased from May to September. 3. The frequency of incidence of fowl typhoid in terms of regional distribution was relatively high in egg-laying hens facilities, and the mode of transmission is likely to be either egg-to-egg or lateral transfer by wild birds or rats. 4. All of 18 isolates from 56 cases were identified as S gallinarum by biochemical and serological test. 5. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility test against 18 isolates showed that the isolates were highly susceptible to ASH, CZ, CF and GM (above 90%), whereas those strains were 100% resistant to EM, NA and PC. 6. S gallinarum rfbS gene was targeted to be amplified by PCR for comparative detection of S gallinarum in the experimentally infected chickens. The amplified 720bp DNA fragment, which is specific in D serogroup strains of S enterica subspecies was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. 7. A comparison made between fecal culture and PCR-method revealed that later-method was relatively higher in detection rate than that of former method for S gallinarum. 8. Comparison of currently applied methods, rapid serum agglutination test (RST) and microplate agglutination test (MAT), with experimentally infected chickens were made to evaluate sensitivity of detection by neutralizing antibody titration. Both methods detected neutralizing antibodies from the challenged chickens of 5 day post infection. However, positive reactions were determined after 7 and 9 days post infection by MAT and RST, respectively.
Purpose - This paper empirically explores the RCA of electrical equipment trade between China and Korea from the perspective of gross trade and value-added trade. The goal of this paper is to scan the electrical equipment's RCA, the decomposition of gross exports, and the impacts of an exerted shock. Design/methodology - We applied the domestic value-added method in measuring the RCA, which could be more accurate than traditional RCA since it excludes foreign value-added. Based on the research purpose, this paper follows the framework of Koopman, Wang, and Wei (2014)-as extended by Wang, Wei, and Zhu (2018). It extracts the data from the 2019 Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO) databases compiled by the Asian Development Bank in January 2021. Findings - After rigorous examination, the main findings are as follows: First, the electrical equipment sector maintains a consistent comparative advantage in either assessing method. Second, China exports more gross goods of electrical equipment to the world than South Korea does, but there is a trade deficit with Korea. Third, South Korea and P.R. China are the most significant bilateral partners of foreign value-added sourcing. Finally, it is surprising that there is a shock on electrical equipment; the partner's service, as well as manufacturing sectors, would be affected. Originality/value - This paper explores the revealed comparative advantage between Korea and China from traditional gross export and value-added perspectives. Second, we apply the information from the 2019 MRIO database compiled by the Asian Development Bank in January 2021, reflecting the current situation. Third, this paper analyzes the electrical equipment and the impacts on other parties' sectors. Finally, we carry out the subjects that deserve to be investigated in the future.
Nitrate contamination has received much attention at local as well as regional scales. The domestic situation is not out of exception, and it has been reported to be very serious, particularly within agricultural areas as a result of excessive usage of nitrogen fertilizers. Meanwhile, nitrate can be naturally attenuated by denitrification in subsurface environments. The denitrification occurs through biotic (biological) and abiotic processes, and numerous previous studies preferentially focused the former. However, abiotic denitrification seems to be significant in specific environments. For this reason, this study reviewed the previous studies that focused on abiotic denitrification processes. Firstly, the current status of nitrate contamination in global and domestic scales is presented, and then the effect of geological media on denitrification is discussed while emphasizing the significance of abiotic processes. Finally, the implications of the literature review are presented, along with future research directions that warrant further investigations. The results of previous studies demonstrated that several geological agents could play a vital role in reducing nitrate. Iron-containing minerals such as pyrite, green rust, magnetite, and dissolved ferrous ion are known to be powerful electron donors triggering denitrification. In particular, it was proven that the rate of denitrification by green rust was comparative to that of biological denitrification. The results indicate that abiotic denitrification should be taken into account for more accurate evaluation of denitrification in subsurface environments.
Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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v.11
no.2
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pp.291-301
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2004
As Russian government signs the Kyoto Protocol on November 2004, it will go into effect on Feb. 16 2004. Under the Protocol, 38 industrialized countries are to reduce their combined emissions of six major greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, to below 1990 levels during the 2008-2012 period. Korea ratified the Protocol in 2002 and is currently exempt from the reduction measures. It is expected, however, that Korea will be pressured to join the reduction scheme from 2013. Although the Kyoto Protocol is national-level agreement each country's urban governments are expected and have to play important role to make it successful one. It is more so for such mesa cities as Seoul which has experienced rapidly worsening environment recent years. Statistics shows that the annual average temperature in Seoul has increased by $1.5^{\circ}C$ for the last century, which is much higher than the national average. 'Heat Island' effect is not unusual any more in Seoul. This study reviews the key points of the Kyoto Protocol, urban warming phenomena in Seoul and its policy responses. In doing so, this study evaluates Tokyo case as a comparative one. It is found that Seoul needs to develop more concrete and feasible policy measures to get current efforts more effective.
Non-thermal plasma technology has many applications in various areas. One of the applications is regenerating diesel particulate filter (DPF). DPF is a widely applied device to control the particulate emission of diesel engines. But it needs periodic removal of clogged soot for the smooth running of engine. Conventional high-temperature removal processes easily leads to the breakage of DPF. Herein, low-temperature plasma formed in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was used to form active oxidants such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Experimentally, the effects of discharge power and frequency on the performance of DBD reactor were studied. Two oxidants, $O_3$ and $NO_2$, were synthesized and used for incinerating soot in the used DPF. Performances of the two oxidants on the reduction of soot were compared, and it was found that $NO_2$ is more effective than $O_3$ for getting rid of soot
Kim, Kyoung-Chan;Cho, Seok-Ho;Ye, Byeong-Hun;Son, Yong-Hoon
Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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v.21
no.2
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pp.149-162
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2015
Korean sixth industrialization policy is similar to that of Japanese such as goal of policy, setup and promotion method of specific policy projects as it benchmarked a Japanese case. First of all, the certification systems of both countries, the most representative policy, are very alike that the governments officially certificate management bodies, prepare the ground for continuous sixth industrialization, devide intermediate support organization into the central unit and regional unit, and have the function of support and control of sixth industrialization management bodies. Furthermore, both countries create fund for sixth industrialization as an investment support policy, and push forward with the phased support policy businesses such as individual support and connected support for management bodies. However, there are some differences between certification systems of both countries such as process-oriented or result-oriented for certification, subtle differences of the role in support organization, and the range and rate of support.
A complex maritime resort combined marina and with course of Korea is required to improve international tourism competitiveness by taking advantage of her environmental favorable circumstances. The development of tourism, however, is focused on land-oriented that incurred lower tourism efficiency and international tourism competitiveness. In addition, the regulation of "Preliminary environmental assessment for golf courses" by the Ministry of Environment is emphasized on land geography and geology that can cause damage of tourist attractions in an island region. In particular, the development of 6th or 7th ridges in mountainous island region within 2km from the sea, that holds scenic and academic value, can go against environment-friendly by geographical and geological damage. According to the regulation for consultation for golf courses and forestry is to preserve regional ecosystem over 6th ridge, but it cannot be applicable to island region because that can form excessive slopes where marine ecosystem is required to be maintained. It, therefore, can be desirable that the development of over 6th ridge in an island region. It is suggested that continuous comparative studies of geographical and geological characteristics between land and island region will be carried on to establish feasible and reasonable development model so that balanced development of land and island, and versatile international environment-friendly maritime resort can be achieved and developed.
Alexopoulos, Evangelos C.;Kavalidou, Katerina;Messolora, Fani
Safety and Health at Work
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v.7
no.1
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pp.1-5
/
2016
Background: Several studies have investigated the relationship between specific occupations and suicide mortality, as suicide rates differ by profession. The aim of this study was to investigate suicide mortality ratios across broad occupational groups in Greece for both sexes in the period 2000-2009. Methods: Data of suicide deaths were retrieved from the Hellenic Statistical Authority and comparative mortality ratios were calculated. Occupational classification was based on the International Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) and the coding for Intentional self-harm (X60-X84) was based on the international classification of diseases (ICD-10). Results: Male dominant occupations, mainly armed forces, skilled farmers and elementary workers, and female high-skilled occupations were seen as high risk groups for suicide in a period of 10 years. The age-productive group of 30-39 years in Greek male elementary workers and the 50-59 age-productive group of Greek professional women proved to have the most elevated number of suicide deaths. Conclusion: Further research is needed into the work-related stressors of occupations with high suicide mortality risk and focused suicide prevention strategies should be applied within vulnerable working age populations.
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