• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Purpose: Deproteinized bovine bone substitutes are commonly used in dental regenerative surgery for treatment of alveolar defects. In this study, three different bovine bone minerals - OCS-B (NIBEC, Seoul, Korea), Bio-Oss (Geistlich - Pharma, Switzerland), Osteograft/N - 300 (OGN, Dentsply Friadent Ceramed. TN, USA) - were investigated to analyze the basic characteristics of commercially available bone substitutes. Methods: Their physicochemical properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), surface area analysis, and Kjeldahl protein analysis. Cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human osteosarcoma cells on different bovine bone minerals were evaluated. Results: Three kinds of bone substitutes displayed different surface properties. Ca/P ratio of OCS - B shown to be lower than other two bovine bone minerals in EDS analysis. Bio-Oss had wider surface area and lower amount of residual protein than OCS - B and OGN. In addition Bio - Oss was proved to have lower cell proliferation and ALP activity due to lots of residual micro particles, compared with OCS - B and OGN. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, three bovine bone minerals that produced by similar methods appear to have different property and characteristics. It is suggested that detailed studies and quality management is needed in operations for dental use and its biological effects on new bone formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.809-816
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• 2006

Periodontal disease accompany the inflammation around periodontal tissue and generally periodontal destruction is followed, This destruction often makes the molar teeth have furcation defect. And to treat molar furcation involvement, resective surgery such as root resection and ostectomy and regenerative procedure such as guided tissue regeneration were introduced. Also implant can be considered as one of the good treatment methods, Among these treatment alternatives, root resection can be considered as a good procedure in the point of saving one's natural teeth or amount of cost. Therefore the purpose of this article is to evaluate root-resected teeth which were done at least 2 years ago. 70 root-resected teeth in 58 patient who visited Kyungpook National University Hospital were included in this study. They were evaluated by two clinical method. One is subjective evaluation and another is objective evaluation. To evaluate subjective outcome, 58 patients answered to the questionnaire if they experienced tooth extraction, bleeding, swelling, pain, mobility and chewing problem. To evaluate objective outcome, 28 teeth was evaluated according to Langer's criteria. The subjective result showed 82% of success rate and 18% of failure rate. 13 of 70 teeth showed discomfort and were considered as failure, which include chewing problem (39%) and pain (23%). The objective outcome showed that 4 failure (14% failure rate) which were 2 cases of bone loss by periodontal problem, one endodontic problem and one untreatable caries. By these limited results, some of clinical consideration in root resective procedure can be suggested. Periodontal support and less occlusal loading on resected tooth should be evaluated before the procedure, moreover, good oral hygiene is essential. When these factors are considered carefully, the root resection may produce predictive outcomes in the treatment of furcational involvement.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.209-225
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• 2020

Purpose: Marginal bone loss (MBL) is an important clinical issue in implant therapy. One feature that has been cited as a contributing factor to this bone loss is peri-implant mucosal thickness. Therefore, in this report, we conducted a systematic review of the literature comparing bone remodeling around implants placed in areas with thick (≥2-mm) vs. thin (<2-mm) mucosa. Methods: A PICO question was defined. Manual and electronic searches were performed of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Oral Health Group databases. The inclusion criteria were prospective studies that documented soft tissue thickness with direct intraoperative measurements and that included at least 1 year of follow-up. When possible, a meta-analysis was performed for both the overall and subgroup analyses. Results: Thirteen papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of 7 randomized clinical trials was conducted. Significantly less bone loss was found around implants with thick mucosa than around those with thin mucosa (difference, -0.53 mm; P<0.0001). Subgroups were analyzed regarding the apico-coronal positioning, the use of platform-matched vs. platform-switched (PS) connections, and the use of cement-retained vs. screw-retained prostheses. In these analyses, thick mucosa was found to be associated with significantly less MBL than thin mucosa (P<0.0001). Among non-matching (PS) connections and screw-retained prostheses, bone levels were not affected by mucosal thickness. Conclusions: Soft tissue thickness was found to be correlated with MBL except in cases of PS connections used on implants with thin tissues and screw-retained prostheses. Mucosal thickness did not affect implant survival or the occurrence of biological or aesthetic complications.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2000

Extracellular matrix component is degraded by enzymes of thematrix metalloproteinases(MMPs). MMPs are produced by both hemopoietic and structural cells. Increased activity of MMP-3 in periodontium is strongly associated with inflammatory periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the effect of BMP-7 on regeneration of periodontium. The optical density was measured by microwell plate reader at 450 nm.The difference of the optical density and the relative activity ofMMP-3 according to the concentration were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. Tetracycline-HCl showed the tendency to inhibit the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration lower than $25{\mu}g/ml$. 2. Doxycycline-HCl inhibited significantly the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration lower than $100{\mu}g/ml$. 3 . Minocycline-HCl inhibited the activity of MMP-3 at the concentration in the range of 10 to 200${\mu}g/ml$. Within the limit of the present study, the above results suggested that bone morphogenetic protein-7 may play a important role in development of periodontium.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.429-436
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of periodontal regenerative therapy is to replace bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament on a previously diseased root surface, which has suffered the loss of these supporting structures. To accomplish the regeneration, a number of surgical procedures have been advocated throughout the years. There seems to be a potential for some spontaneous periodontal tissue regeneration in the bottom of periodontal defect following open flap debridement alone. The aim of this study was to analyse the radiographic bone changes over 2-year after flap operation. Material and Methods: Patients attending the department of periodontics of Kyungpook National University Hospital were studied. Patients had clinical and radiographic evidence of infrabony defect(s). forty two sites of 33 patients aged 26 to 65 (mean age 45.5) were treated by flap operation with or without osseous surgery. Baseline and over 2-year follow-up radiographs were collected and evaluated for this study. Radiographic assessment includes a bone fill, bone crest change, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. Pre- and post-treatment differences between variables (maxilla and mandible, gender, defect depth, defect angle) using the paired t-test were examined. Result: We observed 0.74 mm of bone fill, 0.66 mm of crestal resorption, 1.40 mm of defect resolution, and 27% of percentage of defect resolution. Mandible, women, deeper initial defect depth, narrower initial defect angle showed greater bone fill, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the use of flap operation did enhance the outcome in terms of radiographically detectable bone fill. Both treatment resulted in some loss of crestal bone height.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

Purpose: A number of techniques and materials have been used for periodontal regeneration and bone graft procedures with guided tissue regeneration(GTR) have been suggested as alternatives to osseous surgery in the management of local infra-bony defects. However, the long-term stability and treatment outcome following bone graft procedure of infra-bony defects is poorly documented. The purpose of this study was to assess radiographic change in infra-bony defects over 2 years after bone graft procedures with various graft materials. Material and Methods: Patients attending the department of periodontics of Kyungpook National University Hospital were studied. Patients showed clinical and radiographic evidence of infra-bony defect(s). 44 sites of 34 patients aged 31 to 69 (mean age 48.3) were treated by bone graft procedure with a bone graft material. Baseline and 2-year follow-up radiographs were collected and evaluated for this study. Radiographic assessment includes a bone fill, bone crest change, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. Pre- and post-treatment differences between variables (maxilla and mandible, defect depth, defect angle, bone graft materials) using the paired t-test were examined. Result: We observed $1.15{\pm}1.95\;mm$ of bone fill, $0.40{\pm}1.19\;mm$ of crestal resorption, $1.55{\pm}1.77\;mm$ of defect resolution, and $40{\pm}44%$ of percentage of defect resolution. Deeper initial defect depth, narrower initial defect angle showed significantly greater bone fill, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. But no significant difference was observed in graft sites and graft materials. Conclusion: If good oral hygiene maintenance and periodic recall check of patients is assured, bone graft procedure using various graft materials is one of the appropriate treatment modality for regenerative therapy of infra-bony defects.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.593-607
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the bone morphogenetic protein, bone matrix gelatin and collagen matrix on the amount and shape of generating new bone adjacent to the implant. Implants were inserted in the mandible of adult dogs at 2 months after teeth extraction. Artificial bony defects, 3mm in width and 4mm in depth were made at the mesial and distal side of implant. Experimental groups were divided into three groups ; Group 1 : Defects filled with collagen matrix and bone morphogenetic protein, Group 2 : Defects filled with bone matrix gelatin. Control group : Defects filled with only collagen matrix. After implantation, the animals were sacrificed at 1,3,5 and 10 weeks for light microscopic examination. For the fluorescent microscopic examination. each tertracycline Hcl and calcein were injected at 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 weeks after implantation. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The molecular weight of bovine BMP was about 18,100 by hydroxyapatite chromatography. 2. Osseointegration was observed in experimental groups 1 & 2, and BMG and BMP had an excellent bone forming capability as a filling materials to the repair of the bone defects. 3. The degree of healing of bone defect area, the experimental group 1 showed more prominent bone formation than control group, and the control group showed fibrous connective tissue between the implant and the bone. 4. In the fluorescent microscopic findings, bone remodelling was observed regenerative lamellar bone at defect area in experimental group 1, and partial remodelling in experimental group 2, In the control group, fibrous connective tissue was observed between the implant and bone surface and sign of remodelling was not apperaed. Above results suggest that BMP has rapid osteoinductive property and can be used clinically as a bone substitute on bone defects around implants.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

Fractures in the horse industry are challenging and a common cause of death in racehorses. To accelerate fracture healing, tissue engineering (TE) provides promising ways to regenerate bone tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic effects of biphasic calcium phosphate collagen (BCPC) graft, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatments in horses. Four thoroughbred horses were included in the study, and, in each horse, three cortical defects with a diameter of 5 mm and depth of 10 mm were formed in the third metacarpal bones (MC) and metatarsal bones (MT). The defects were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups (saline, BCPC, BMP2, MSC, PRP, and control). Injections of saline, BMP2, PRP, or MSCs were made at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after defect surgery. Bone regeneration effects were assessed by radiography, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), micro-computed tomography (μCT), histopathological, and histomorphometric evaluation. The new bone ratio (%) in the histomorphometric evaluation was higher in the BMP2 group than in the control and saline groups. Radiographic and QCT values were significantly higher in the BCPC groups than in the other groups. QCT values of the BMP2 group were significantly higher than in the control and saline groups. The present study demonstrated that BCPC grafts were biologically safe and showed osteoconductivity in horses and the repeated injections of BMP2 without a carrier can be simple and promising TE factors for treating horses with bone fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.475-477
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• 2019

Stem cell research arose from the need to explore new therapeutic possibilities for intractable and lethal diseases. Although musculoskeletal disorders are basically nonlethal, their high prevalence and the relative ease of performing clinical trials have facilitated the clinical application of stem cells in this field. On the other hand, despite the plethora of in vitro and preclinical studies in stem cell research for regenerative medicine in the musculoskeletal system, few reliable clinical studies have been published. Stem cell therapy can be applied locally for bone, cartilage, and tendon regeneration. The candidate disease modalities in bone regeneration include large bone defects, nonunion of fractures, and osteonecrosis. Focal osteochondral defect and osteoarthritis are the current targets for cartilage regeneration. For tendon regeneration, bone-tendon junction problems, such as rotator cuff tears are hot topics in clinical research. To date, the literature supporting stem cell-based therapies comprises mostly case reports or case series.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of a bovine hydroxyapatite/collagen (BHC) block in one-wall intrabony periodontal defects in dogs. Methods: A one-wall intrabony periodontal defect (4 mm wide and 5 mm deep) was prepared bilaterally at the mesial side of the mandibular fourth premolar in five beagle dogs. After thorough root planing, block-type BHC ($4{\times}5{\times}5$ mm) was placed on one side. The contralateral defect area did not receive any material as a sham-surgery control. Histological analysis of the sites was performed after an 8-week healing period. Results: Two of five samples in the experimental group healed well without dissipation of the graft materials, and histological analysis revealed excellent regeneration of the periodontal tissues. However, most of the grafted materials had been displaced in the other three samples, leaving only a small portion of the graft. The measured parameters exhibited large standard deviations, and the mean values did not differ significantly between the experimental and sham-surgery control sides. Conclusions: The application of BHC alone-without a barrier membrane-to wide, one-wall intrabony periodontal defects yielded inconsistent results regarding both periodontal regeneration and substantivity of the graft materials. Thus, the use of a barrier membrane for noncontained-type defects is recommended to improve the stability of the grafted material, and to condense it.