• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.93-96
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• 1996

Structured laser light is a widely used method for obtaining 3D range information in Machine Vision. However, The structured laser light method is based on assumption that the surface of objects is Lambertian. When the observed surfaces are highly specularly reflective, the laser light can be detected in various parts on the image due to a specular reflection and secondary reflection. This makes wrong range data and the image sensor unusable for the specular objects. To discriminate wrong range data from obtained image data, we have proposed a new algorithm by using the cross section of image block. To show the performance of the proposed method, a series of experiments was, carried out on: the simple geometric shaped objects. The proposed method shows a dramatic improvement of 3D range data better than the typical structured laser light method.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

본 논문은 금속이나 유리와 같이 정반사 특성을 갖는 경면반사체의 3차원 형상 추정을 위한 영상처리에 관한 것으로, 조명계와 CCD 카메라 및 경면반사체로 이루어진 머신비전 시스템의 기하학적 광로분석을 통해 반사체의 형상이 반사광의 광로에 주는 영향을 수식화하고, 이를 반사체의 3차원 형상 추정에 이용하였다. 즉, 공간적으로 분포된 점광원들이 반사체에 정반사되어 취득된 영상에서, 반사체의 형상에 따라 영상에서의 점광원의 상대적 위치가 변화되므로, 이 변화량을 이용하여 3차원 정보를 추정하는 방법을 제시하고, 실험을 통하여 반사체의 3차원 형상의 추정이 가능함을 보인다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제33호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

This study analyzed the characteristics of spatial expression in the Barcelona Pavilion to be based on tectonics. Mies pointed out the image of materiality about the material rather than the process of tectonics using the material, and he also expressed demateriality in the image of each material through the reflection. To be liberated from structural matters, the wall has been introduced. He intended to show the design plan as the independent structural system, however, the wall actually seems to be supporting the roof that shows rather clearly self-contradictory because of the expression of materiality in the material. In terms of architectural elements; wall, roof, column, floor, and so forth, tectonic expression and abstract aesthetics stands face to face, because of hiding the productional process and transforming to line and surface in the image of materiality. The interior of the glass wall seems fairly closed space from the exterior, because materiality and reflection of materials of columns and podium. The character of experiential space is inconsistent and fragmentary because of the splendid images from maternality and reflection on the wall, and collision with the reality and the image the wall reflects, even though the geometrical space of the Pavilion's plan has the mutual penetrability and organic character.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a method of generating a 2D gray image from LiDAR 3D reflection intensity. The proposed method uses the Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) to generate the gray image from 2D reflection intensity which is projected from LiDAR 3D intensity. Both encoder and decoder of FCN are configured with several convolution blocks in the symmetric fashion. Each convolution block consists of a convolution layer with $3{\times}3$ filter, batch normalization layer and activation function. The performance of the proposed method architecture is empirically evaluated by varying depths of convolution blocks. The well-known KITTI data set for various scenarios is used for training and performance evaluation. The simulation results show that the proposed method produces the improvements of 8.56 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio and 0.33 in structural similarity index measure compared with conventional interpolation methods such as inverse distance weighted and nearest neighbor. The proposed method can be possibly used as an assistance tool in the night-time driving system for autonomous vehicles.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2010

조명반사 문제는 영상 분석에서 흔히 존재하는 문제점이며, 영상 분석에서 필요로 하는 주요 특징들을 검출하는 데 많은 어려움을 야기한다. 특히 이러한 문제점은 야간이나 우천 시에 더욱 두드러지는 것으로 알려졌다. 본 논문에서는 조명 반사에 의해 특징 분석이 어려운 영역에서 조명 반사를 제거하거나 반사되지 않은 상태로 복원하는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 논문에서는 다중 영상에서 획득된 다중 기하정보를 이용한 3차원 공간 분석과 기하학적 접근을 시도한다. 이러한 방법들에서 얻어진 정보들을 바탕으로 조명 반사가 이루어지는 영상들을 조합하여 조명 반사를 제거하는 방법을 제안한다. 조명 반사 영역을 제거하기 위하여 영상 내에서 조명 및 반사영역을 수직 히스토그램의 국부 최대값을 이용하여 추출한다. 이 후, 각 영상 내에서 도로 표면에 해당하는 영역을 추출하기 위해서 필요한 기본 행렬과 상동 관계 행렬을 다중 영상들의 대응점들을 분석하여 계산한다. 이렇게 얻어진 각 영상들의 도로표면을 기준 영상에 배치하여, 양쪽 영상에서 조명 반사가 상대적으로 적은 영역을 선택하는 방법을 취한다. 이러한 과정에 의하여 중복되지 않는 도로표면의 반사는 효과적으로 감소되었으며 도로가 가지고 있는 고유한 정보 또한 손실되지 않았다. 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 실험한 결과는 계산 속도에 비하여 뛰어난 성능을 보여주었으나 기하학적 공통 영역 부분의 복원은 상대적으로 부족한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2017

본 논문은 마이크로 BGA(Ball Grid Array)의 3차원 형상 검사를 위한 광학적 방법에 관한 것으로, 특히, LED를 공간적으로 배치한 광원과 경면반사특성을 이용하였다. 이를 위해 비전시스템을 구성하여 BGA의 반사영상을 취득한 후, 영상처리를 통하여 반사된 LED 점광원의 위치를 추출하여 형상검사에 이용하였다. 또한, 영상에 포함된 복수개의 BGA에 대한 상대적 위치의 통계치를 이용하여 BGA 3차원 형상의 결함을 판단하는 방법을 제안하였고, 실험을 통하여 제안된 방법의 효용성을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

Austomated visual inspection(AVI) capability has become an important key component in the automated manufacturing system. In such a visual inspection system an intensity(or color) image of a scene is quickly affected by optical property of objects, condition and roughness of surface, lens and filters, image sensor property and lighting system. In particular, the lighting system disign is the most important factor, since it affects overall performance of the visual system. For fast and cheap automated visual inspection system it is important to obtain the good image quality which results from careful attention to the design of the lighting system. In this paper, the lighting subsystem of AVI system is analysed for the inspection of printed circuit board(PCB) patterns. The spectral reflectance of materials, which are composed of PCB, is measured for choosing the light source. The reflection property is theoretically obtained by a reflection model and also obtained by experiments which measure intensity with varying the viewing direction of image sensor and the lighting direction of illuminator. The illumination uniformity of a ring-type illuminator. The lighting system is designed based upon the experimental results and theoretial analysis.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2009

A new method for the catadioptric omnidirectional stereo vision with single camera is presented in this paper. The proposed method uses a concave lens with a convex mirror. Since the optical part of the proposed method is simple and commercially available, the resultant omnidirectional stereo system becomes versatile and cost-effective. The closed-form solution for 3D distance computation is presented based on the simple optics including the reflection and the reflection of the convex mirror and the concave lens. The compactness of the system and the simplicity of the image processing make the omnidirectional stereo system appropriate for real-time applications such as autonomous navigation of a mobile robot or the object manipulation. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, an experimental prototype is implemented.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.672-678
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• 2014

We propose a method to estimate the 3-D shape of surfaces with specular reflection, using a model of the difference in appearance between images reflected from a flat surface and a curved surface. First, we analyze the geometry of spatial reflection from a specular surface and how reflected light varies due to a curved surface. This is used to estimate 3-D shape. The proposed method is shown to be effective in experiments using illumination from spatially distributed light sources and a camera capturing the reflected light from curved, specular surfaces.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2008년도 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.199-200
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• 2008

In this paper, we researched optical characteristics of a holographic optical security system using a reflection recording material and optical random phase mask. The system have the property of optical security key with the phase mask. Also, a reflection recording geometry can reduced a size of the reconstruction system because a input beam to reconstruct a holographic image and a diffraction beam are the same side on the material.