• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1324-1334
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• 2019

Fish mycobacteriosis is a common bacterial disease in many species of freshwater and marine fish and has caused severe loss of fish production. Mycobacterium marinum has been the most prevalent pathogen observed in several outbreaks of mycobacteriosis of farmed sturgeons in China. However, the immune responses and pathology of sturgeons in mycobacterial infection are rarely studied. Therefore, we used the Illumina RNA-seq method to analyze the transcriptome profile of Acipenser schrenckii challenged with Mycobacterium marinum. To begin, 168,220 non-redundant contigs were acquired from the infection and control groups, and among these, 33,225 contigs have acquired annotations. A total of 4,043 differently expressed (DE) contigs between the two groups were identified, and among these, 2479 were up-regulated and 1564 were down-regulated in the infected fish. A total of 1,340 DE contigs with acquired annotations in KEGG were enriched for 124 pathways including the TNF signaling pathway, and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The roles of DE genes involved in significant pathways and other processes were discussed. The 2,209 DE contigs that have yet to acquire proper annotation may represent candidate genes associated with infection in sturgeons and are expected to serve as immunogenetic resources for further study. To our best knowledge, this is the first transcriptome study on sturgeons under bacterial infection.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

In this paper, we introduce a novel Climate & Environment Database System (CEDS). The CEDS is developed by the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS) to provide easy and efficient user interfaces and storage management of climate model data, so improves work efficiency. In uploading the data/files, the CEDS provides an option to automatically operate the international standard data conversion (CMORization) and the quality assurance (QA) processes for submission of CMIP6 variable data. This option increases the system performance, removes the user mistakes, and increases the level of reliability as it eliminates user operation for the CMORization and QA processes. The uploaded raw files are saved in a NAS storage and the Cassandra database stores the metadata that will be used for efficient data access and storage management. The Metadata is automatically generated when uploading a file, or by the user inputs. With the Metadata, the CEDS supports effective storage management by categorizing data/files. This effective storage management allows easy and fast data access with a higher level of data reliability when requesting with the simple search words by a novice. Moreover, the CEDS supports parallel and distributed computing for increasing overall system performance and balancing the load. This supports the high level of availability as multiple users can use it at the same time with fast system-response. Additionally, it deduplicates redundant data and reduces storage space.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.257-273
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• 2019

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown and economically important vegetable crops in the world. Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is one of the recently emerged viruses of tomato distributed worldwide. ToCV-tomato interaction was investigated at the molecular level for determining changes in the expression of tomato genes in response to ToCV infection in this study. A cDNA library enriched with genes induced in response to ToCV infection were constructed and 240 cDNAs were sequenced from this library. The macroarray analysis of 108 cDNAs revealed that the expression of 92 non-redundant tomato genes was induced by 1.5-fold or greater in response to ToCV infection. The majority of ToCV-induced genes identified in this study were associated with a variety of cellular functions including transcription, defense and defense signaling, metabolism, energy, transport facilitation, protein synthesis and fate and cellular biogenesis. Twenty ToCV-induced genes from different functional groups were selected and induction of 19 of these genes in response to ToCV infection was validated by RT-qPCR assay. Finally, the expression of 6 selected genes was analyzed in different stages of ToCV infection from 0 to 45 dpi. While the expression of three of these genes was only induced by ToCV infection, others were induced both by ToCV infection and wounding. The result showed that ToCV induced the basic defense response and activated the defense signaling in tomato plants at different stages of the infection. Functions of these defense related genes and their potential roles in disease development and resistance to ToCV are also discussed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2021

Background: In 2018, the government increased the fee for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image deciphering services of the external hospital to discourage the redundant MRI scan and to induce appropriate use of the MRI services. It is important to evaluate the effect of the policy to provide the basis for establishing other MRI-related policies. Methods: The healthcare data of the patients who had brain MRI scans were organized by episode and analyzed using the panel study in order to find out the effect of the MRI-related policy on the substitution effect and the medical expenses. Results: As a result of the increase in the fee of deciphering the MRI image, there has been an uplift in deciphering the MRI scan of the external hospital. It implies that more hospitals chose to use the MRI scan taken by other clinics or hospitals, rather than the MRI scan taken at their own facilities. Conclusion: The research results imply that a policy that facilitates the exchange of the medical image data between the hospitals is needed in order to establish an efficient management system of the healthcare resources. Such improvement is expected to reduce the social cost and contribute to the stability in the finance of national health insurance.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 2021

Location-based services (LBSs) are expected to process a large number of spatial queries, such as shortest path and k-nearest neighbor queries that arrive simultaneously at peak periods. Deploying more LBS servers to process these simultaneous spatial queries is a potential solution. However, this significantly increases service operating costs. Recently, batch processing solutions have been proposed to process a set of queries using shareable computation. In this study, we investigate the problem of batch processing moving k-nearest neighbor (MkNN) queries in dynamic spatial networks, where the travel time of each road segment changes frequently based on the traffic conditions. LBS servers based on one-query-at-a-time processing often fail to process simultaneous MkNN queries because of the significant number of redundant computations. We aim to improve the efficiency algorithmically by processing MkNN queries in batches and reusing sharable computations. Extensive evaluation using real-world roadmaps shows the superiority of our solution compared with state-of-the-art methods.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.60-70
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• 2018

A software defined storage (SDS) is being deployed in cloud environment to allow multiple users to virtualize physical servers, but a solution for optimizing space efficiency with limited physical resources is needed. In the conventional data deduplication system, it is difficult to deduplicate redundant data uploaded to distributed storages. In this paper, we propose a distributed deduplication method using similarity-based clustering and multi-layer bloom filter. Rabin hash is applied to determine the degree of similarity between virtual machine servers and cluster similar virtual machines. Therefore, it improves the performance compared to deduplication efficiency for individual storage nodes. In addition, a multi-layer bloom filter incorporated into the deduplication process to shorten processing time by reducing the number of the false positives. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the deduplication ratio by 9% compared to deduplication method using IP address based clusters without any difference in processing time.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.359-382
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• 2009

Eliot's The Waste Land represents the last century in many respects. While working on the poem in cooperation with Pound, Eliot intended to make "Gerontion" a prelude in The Waste Land. But, as we read in his letter to Eliot, Pound advised him against it. As a result, Eliot had excluded it from The Waste Land. "Gerontion" was published separately, as an independent poem. Between "Gerontion" and The Waste Land, we find that the theme and the techniques are very much alike. However, for this very reason Eliot and Pound must have had thought differently. Eliot must have thought that "Gerontion" would serve well as a preface to the long poem, The Waste Land. It will provide a good introduction to the long poem, he may have thought. In the meantime, Pound must have thought that such similarities in theme and techniques would weaken both works, which would be redundant. To Pound, it would be too much to have the summary of everything that is to be repeated in The Waste Land. Eliot intuitively followed Pound's judgment. Both "Gerontion" and The Waste Land have similarities in theme and techniques. The theme of both works is "aimlessness, spiritual sterility, barrenness" in modern man living in the waste land. For example, in "Gerontion," there appear an old man Gerontion, Mr. Silvero, Hakagawa, Madame de Tornquist, Fraulein von Kulp, who are representative of spiritual barrenness of modern world; in the same context, in The Waste Land those who are most representative of modern world are the Typist, clerk, Thames's daughters, Madamn Sosostris, Tiresias, Phelabas. And in terms of techniques, "Gerontion" and The Waste Land both use dramatic monologues, allusions, and the techniques of modern art, such as montage and mosaic. Here in these works Eliot in fact practises his theory of the "Objective Correlative" that he has invented.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2008

In this paper, we revisit a generally accepted opinion: implementing Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) over GF$(2^m)$ on sensor motes using small word size is not appropriate because partial XOR multiplication over GF$(2^m)$ is not efficiently supported by current low-powered microprocessors. Although there are some implementations over GF$(2^m)$ on sensor motes, their performances are not satisfactory enough due to the redundant memory accesses that result in inefficient field multiplication and reduction. Therefore, we propose some techniques for reducing unnecessary memory access instructions. With the proposed strategies, the running time of field multiplication and reduction over GF$(2^{163})$ can be decreased by 21.1% and 24.7%, respectively. These savings noticeably decrease execution times spent in Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations (Signing and verification) by around $15{\sim}19%$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1375-1391
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• 2012

Smart grid is a next-generation intelligent power grid that applying ICT to power grid to maximize the energy efficiency ratio. Recently, technologies and standards for smart grid are being developed around the world. Information security which is an essential part of smart grid development has to be managed continuously. Information security management system certification for organizational risk management has been implemented in Korea. Although preparation for information security management system certification which is applicable to smart grid is considered, there are no specific methods. This paper is to propose core and added evaluation criteria for Korean smart grid based on K-ISMS through comparative analysis between ISMS operated in Korea and smart grid information security management system developed in the United States. Added evaluation criteria enable smart grid related business that certified existing ISMS to minimize redundant and unnecessary certification assessment work.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2010

In VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork), vehicles can efficiently verify a large number of signatures efficiently using batch verification techniques. However, batch verification performed independently in each vehicle raises many redundant verification cost. Although, an RSU (Road Side Unit) can perform the batch verification as a proxy to reduce this cost, it additionally requires an efficient method to identify invalid signatures when the batch verification fails. In this paper, we analyze several ways of constructing a distributed batch verification system, and propose an efficient distributed batch verification system in which participating vehicles perform batch verification in a distributive manner for a small size signature set. In our proposed system, each node can report the batch verification result or the identified invalid signatures list and the RSU who received these reports can identify the invalid signatures and efficiently exclude them.