• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2020

Hollow copper oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CuO/MWCNT) composites were fabricated via an optimized infiltration-reduction-oxidation method, which is more facile and easy to control. The crystalline structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The as-prepared CuO/MWCNT composites deliver an initial capacity of 612.3 mAh·g^-1 and with 80% capacity retention (488.2 mAh·g^-1) after 100 cycles at a current rate of 0.2 A·g^-1. The enhanced electrochemical performance is ascribed to the better electrical conductivity of MWCNT, the hollow structure of CuO particles, and the flexible structure of the CuO/MWCNT composites.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.405-408
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• 2002

LSP(Line Spectrum Pairs) Parameter is used for speech analysis in vocoders or recognizers since it has advantages of constant spectrum sensitivity. low spectrum distortion and easy linear interpolation. However the method of transforming LPC(Linear Predictive Coding) into LSP is so complex that it takes much time to compute. Among conventional methods, the real root method is considerably simpler than others, but nevertheless, it still suffers from its jndeterministic computation time because the root searching is processed sequentially in frequency region. We suggest a method of reducing the LSP transformation time using voice characteristics The proposed method is to apply search order and interval differently according to the distribution of LSP parameters. in comparison with the conventional real root method, the proposed method results in about 46.5% reduction. And, the total computation time is reduce to about 5% in the G.723.1 vocoder.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-50
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• 2004

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate anti-ischemic effect of LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture Methods: I designed to investigate whether LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats and to make manifest whether LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was de terminated by video microscope and width analyzer. Results: The results were as follows; 1. LR1 Reduction in Acupuncture was increased rCBF and PAD, but decreased MABP. 2. HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF, but decreased MABP, and increased PAD. 3. LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF, PAD, but decreased MABP after withdrawing of the needle. This results suggest that LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating PAD. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1mg/kg, i,v.) was significantly inhibited LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and PAD, but increased LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced decrease of MABP after withdrawing of the needle. 5. Pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i,v.) was decreased LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and PAD, but accelerated LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced decrease of MABP. Conclusions: I suggest that LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics, and the mechanism is mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 1996

The effects of ginseng total saponin, ginsenoside-Rb, and -Rb, on the reduction of chmlesterol level and the myNA expression rates of HMG CoA reductase and LDL receptor in Hep G2 were investigated and compared with that of lovastatin, a competitive HMG CoA reductase Inhibitor. The amounts of cholesterol in Hep G2 decreased in total saponin-and ginsenoside-treated groups as compared with that of control group, while there was no significant reduction in lovastatin-treated group. The mRNA expression rates of HMG CoA reductase increased in total saponin and gin- senoside groups except for ginsenoside-Rb, (10-3%) group and decreased in lovastatin group com- pared with that of control group. The mRNA expression rates of LDL receptor generally increased In all of the test groups except for total saponin (10-5%) group compared with that of control group. Because the ginseng components tested were more effective in the reduction of cholesterol level in Hep G2 than lovastatin and induced the gene expression of LDL receptor, we suggest the possibility that they could be used as a replacement agent for lovastatin which can not be prescribed especially to patients with hepatic diseases.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2017

Objectives: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the ability of a desensitizing agent and a self-etch adhesive on cervical dentin sensitivity (CDS) after periodontal surgery. Materials and Methods: Ninety hypersensitive teeth of 13 subjects were included in the study. After periodontal surgery, the teeth of each posterior sextant treated with one of the following materials: G1: Clearfil $S^3$ Bond (Kuraray Dental), G2: Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer), and G3: placebo (water). The sensitivity was assessed using evaporative stimuli before treatment (baseline, T0), 1 day after treatment (T1), after 1 week (T2), and 1 month (T3) according to visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Following the treatment, all the 3 groups showed significant reduction of CDS in T1 compared to T0. Reduction of CDS between T1 and T2 was observed only in G1 but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 in this group. Although we observed a significant difference in T3 compared to T1 and T2 in G2 and G3, comparison of treatment groups in each assessment time showed a significant difference only in T3. According to paired comparison, this was due to the difference between G2 and G3. Conclusions: Dentin sensitivity following periodontal surgery will decrease spontaneously over time, but treating the sensitive teeth with Gluma Desensitizer and Clearfil $S^3$ Bond can have some benefits.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.530-537
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• 2004

본 연구는 신선편이 양상치를 대상으로 전해수와 유기산의 단독 또는 병용처리에 의한 위해미생물의 살균효과를 조사하였다. 산성전해수는 액상배지에서 L. monocytogenes를 60초 내에 완전히 사멸하였으나, 알칼리전해수는 약 1.7 log CFU/g 정도 감소하였다. 그러나 L. monocytogenes를 접종한 양상치에서 산성전해수는 현저하게 살균력이 감소하여 3분 침지시 약 2.5 CFU/g의 감소를 나타내었으나 알칼리전해수는 산성전해수와 거의 살균력의 차이가 없었다. 한편, L. monocytogenes에 오염된 양상치를 전해수와 유기산 단독 또는 병용처리 하였을 때 무처리구에 비하여 산성전해수와 알칼리전해수는 약 2 log CFU/g 정도의 감소를 나타냈으며, $1\%$ acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid 및 ascorbic acid를 처리하였을 경우 각각 1.52.5 log CFU/g의 감소를 나타냈으나, 산성전해수와 알칼리전해수에 $1\%$ 유기산을 병용처리 하였을 경우 약 2.63.7 log CFU/g의 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 특히 산성전해수와 알칼리전해수 모두 $1\%$ citric acid와 병용처리 하였을 때 가장 강한 살균력을 나타내었다. 양상치에 오염된 총균수, 효모 및 곰팡이의 경우도 L. monocytogenes에 오염된 양상치의 살균력과 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, L. monocytogenes를 접종한 양상치를 전해수 처리한 후 온도별로 저장하면서 생육변화를 측정한 결과, 병용처리구에서 현저하게 생육이 저해되는 것으로 나타나 양상치를 세척시 알칼리전해수와 $1\%$ citric acid를 병용처리하면 총균수는 물론 L. monocytogenes에 의한 오염방지에 매우 효과적이었다. 한편, SEM 결과, 양상치에 오염된 L. monocytogenes 는 알칼리수와 $1\%$ citric acid의 병용처리구에서는 현저하게 세포막이 파괴되어 세포가 사멸하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

This study was conducted to survey trihalomethane(THMs) levels in finished water of J water treatment plant and examine its reduction by powder activated carbon(PAC) treatment. Samples were collected weekly based and head-space technique was employed to determine THMs levels by G.C-ECD. THMs levels in finished waters were highest in August and showed close relationship with water temperature. All the samples satisfied the drinking water limit(100 ${\mu}$g/l) for THMs. The individual formation rates of THMs were 64.8% for CHCl$_3$, 28.4% for CHCl$_2$BR, 6.5% for CHClBr$_2$ and 0.3% for CHBr$_3$, respectively and showed little monthly difference. The reduction efficiency of THMs formation by PAC treatment was 67% during July and August. Bromine substituents were more efficiently reduced than CHCl$_3$ by PAC.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

This study aims to show the risk reduction effects of round-the-clock trading environment. We analyse the trading results of the currency futures contracts in CME Globex which are open 23 hours a day. These include Euro FX, Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar, and British Pound from January 2005 to August 2013. We generate new price series using only daytime prices during about 7-hour period. This hypothetical "G" data series may have greater gap risk than the original "R" data series. Empirical results show the trading risk reduction effects, that is R data series have higher profits and lower risks than G data series.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1104-1113
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• 2010

In order to reduce negative skin friction uses bitumen most plentifully. But, Bitumen is expensive very of 1.5 or more times of pile material expense. The bitumen will be able to substitute it is nescessary. It was researched that it would be able to bitumen substitutions from in products which is produced from domestic in this study. This was composed with most bentonite, added some cement. When it is used this product in the model test, the reduction ratio appear of 85% or more. In this result, this product as the reduction material is confirmed that has enough ability. Additional research leads, the product according to pile construction method must verify the reduction effect of negativ skin friction in field test.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.270-276
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• 1993

$Technetium-^{99m}$ labeling method using bifunctional chelating agent cyclic DTPA has been evaluated with human polyclonal nonspecific IgG. IgG was conjugated with cyclic DTPA with various molar ratio. Reduction of $^{99m}Tc$ was done with $Na_2S_2O_4$ with various molar excess. Labeling efficiency and identification of polymer was confirmed with HPLC using TSK4000 SW column. Polymer was purified with 100 cm Sepharose 6LB column. Cultured $1{\times}10^9$ Staphylococcus aureus were injected into rat thigh 24 hours later labeled IgG was injected, and in vivo distribution was observed 4 and 24 hours thereafter. Reduction of $^{99m}Tc$ was optimal with the 10000-50000 times molar excess of $Na_2S_2O_4$. Polymer formation increased with increasing mloar excess of cyclic DTPA to IgG. Three step labeling-labeling DTPA conjugated IgG after reduction of $^{99m}Tc$-made more polymer than two two step labeling-simultaneous mixing DTPA conjugated IgG, $^{99m}Tc$ and $Na_2S_2O_4$. $^{99m}Tc$ blood clearance and lower uptake in the abscess and other organs. IgG conjugated with 200 times molar excess of cyclic DTPA showed slower blood clearance with 200 times molar excess of cyclic DTPA showed slower blood clearance than that of 200 times molar excess of cyclic DTPA showed slower blood clearance than that of 20 times molar excess. In the $^{99m}Tc$ labeling of IgG with cyclic DTPA for the immunoscintigraphy, obtimal labeling condition should be chosen, and effect of the $^{99m}Tc$ labeled IgG polymer should be considered.