• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.47-53
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• 2012

In this paper, we present an algorithm called redundant logical paths (RLP) for efficient HSR traffic reduction. It creates redundant logical paths between each HSR node and all the other nodes. Eventually, a logical full-meshed network or paths will be established among all HSR node types, except the Quadbox type, which is used only for interconnection. The logical full-meshed network will be used instead of using the standard HSR protocol that depends on the concepts of the duplication and forwarding of the received frame until it reaches the destination node. The RLP algorithm results in significantly less frame traffic because there is no random forwarding as in the standard HSR protocol. For the sample network in this paper simulation results showed a 61.5-80% reduction in network frame traffic compared to the standard HSR. Our algorithm will avoid latency issues in the network and even network congestion, thus improving network efficiency.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.31-40
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• 2015

This paper investigates several existing techniques to reduce high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) traffic. HSR is a redundancy protocol for Ethernet networks that provides duplicated frames for separate physical paths with zero recovery time. This feature makes it very useful for real-time and mission-critical applications, such as military applications and substation automation systems. However, the major drawback of HSR is that it generates too much unnecessary redundant traffic in HSR networks. This drawback degrades network performance and may cause congestion and delay. Several HSR traffic reduction techniques have been proposed to reduce the redundant traffic in HSR networks, resulting in the improvement of network performance. In this paper, we provide an overview of these HSR traffic reduction techniques in the literature. The operational principles, advantages, and disadvantages of these techniques are investigated and summarized. We also provide a traffic performance comparison of these HSR traffic reduction techniques.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.653-661
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• 2012

High-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) is a redundancy protocol for Ethernet networks that provides two frame copies for each frame sent. Each copy will pass through separate physical paths, pursuing zero fault recovery time. This means that even in the case of a node or a link failure, there is no stoppage of network operations whatsoever. HSR is a potential candidate for the communications of a smart grid, but its main drawback is the unnecessary traffic created due to the duplicated copies of each sent frame, which are generated and circulated inside the network. This downside will degrade network performance and might cause network congestion or even stoppage. In this paper, we present two approaches to solve the above-mentioned problem. The first approach is called quick removing (QR), and is suited to ring or connected ring topologies. The idea is to remove the duplicated frame copies from the network when all the nodes have received one copy of the sent frame and begin to receive the second copy. Therefore, the forwarding of those frame copies until they reach the source node, as occurs in standard HSR, is not needed in QR. Our example shows a traffic reduction of 37.5%compared to the standard HSR protocol. The second approach is called the virtual ring (VRing), which divides any closed-loop HSR network into several VRings. Each VRing will circulate the traffic of a corresponding group of nodes within it. Therefore, the traffic in that group will not affect any of the other network links or nodes, which results in an enhancement of traffic performance. For our sample network, the VRing approach shows a network traffic reduction in the range of 67.7 to 48.4%in a healthy network case and 89.7 to 44.8%in a faulty network case, compared to standard HSR.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.121-127
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose traffic management support and evaluate the performance through simulation. We suggest traffic management routing protocol that can guarantee reliance according to not only reduction of the Network traffic congestion but also distribution of the network load that prevents data transmission. For performance evaluation, we analyzed the average data reception rate and network load, considering the node mobility. We found that in the mobile Ad Hoc networks, the traffic management service increased the average data reception rate and reduced the network traffic congestion and network load in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2016

The high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) protocol is one of the most important redundancy IEC standards that has garnered a great deal of attention because it offers a redundancy with zero recovery time, which is a feature that is required by most of the modern substation, smart grid, and industrial field applications. However, the HSR protocol consumes a lot of network bandwidth compared to the Ethernet standard. This is due to the duplication process for every sent frame in the HSR networks. In this paper, a novel algorithm known as the reducing multicast traffic (RMT) is presented to reduce the unnecessary redundant multicast traffic in HSR networks by limiting the spreading of the multicast traffic to only the rings that have members associated with that traffic instead of spreading the traffic into all the network parts, as occurs in the standard HSR protocol. The mathematical and the simulation analyses show that the RMT algorithm offers a traffic reduction percentage with a range of about 60-87% compared to the standard HSR protocol. Consequently, the RMT algorithm will increase the network performance by freeing more bandwidth so as to reduce HSR network congestion and also to minimize any intervention from the network administrator that would be required when using traditional traffic filtering techniques.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.91-100
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• 2023

As SDN devices and systems hit the market, security in SDN must be raised on the agenda. SDN has become an interesting area in both academics and industry. SDN promises many benefits which attract many IT managers and Leading IT companies which motivates them to switch to SDN. Over the last three decades, network attacks becoming more sophisticated and complex to detect. The goal is to study how traffic information can be extracted from an SDN controller and open virtual switches (OVS) using SDN mechanisms. The testbed environment is created using the RYU controller and Mininet. The extracted information is further used to detect these attacks efficiently using a machine learning approach. To use the Machine learning approach, a dataset is required. Currently, a public SDN based dataset is not available. In this paper, SDN based dataset is created which include legitimate and non-legitimate traffic. Classification is divided into two categories: binary and multiclass classification. Traffic has been classified with or without dimension reduction techniques like PCA and LDA. Our approach provides 98.58% of accuracy using a random forest algorithm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.323-333
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• 2012

Network traffic demand is increasing explosively because of various smart equipment and services on smart era. It causes of traffic overload for wireless and wired network. Network management system is very important to control the explosion of data traffic. It uses SNMP to communicate with various network resources for management functions and creates lots of management traffic. Those are can be serious traffic congestion on a network. I propose an improving function of SNMP to minimize unnecessary traffics between manager and agent for collecting the Trend Analysis Information which is mainly used to monitor and accumulate for a specific time period in this paper. The results of test show it has compatibility with the existing SNMP and greatly decreases the amount of network traffic and response time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

The data delivery confirmation method of MIL-STD-188-220C, which is a tactical wireless mobile Ad-Hoc communication protocol, is that a source node requires the end-to-end ack from all destination nodes and the data-link ack from 1-hop neighboring destination nodes and relaying nodes, regardless of the hop distance from a source node to destination nodes. This method has the problem to degrade the whole communication network performance because of excessive data traffic due to the duplicate use of end-to-end ack and data-link ack, and the collision among end-to-end acks on the wireless network in the case of confirming a data delivery within an 1-hop distance. In order to solve this problem, this paper has proposed the method to perform the data delivery confirmation with the improvement of communication network performance through the data traffic reduction by achieving the reliable data delivery confirmation requiring the only data-link ack within an 1-hop distance. The effects of the proposed method are analyzed in the two aspects of the data delivery confirmation delay time and the data delivery confirmation success ratio.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.477-480
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• 2003

Packet losses in the Internet can dramatically degrade quality of multimedia streams. Forward Error Correction (FEC) is one of the best methods that can protect data from packet erasures by means of sending additional redundant information. Proposed control algorithm provides the possibility of receiving real-time multimedia streams of given quality wifth minimal traffic overhead. The traffic optimization is reached by adjusting packet size as well as block code parameters. Calculations and simulation results show that for non-bursty network conditions traffic optimization can lead to more than 50% bandwidth reduction.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 2012

Thin client computing trades local processing for network bandwidth consumption by offloading application logic to remote servers. User input and display updates are exchanged between client and server through a thin client protocol. On wireless devices, the thin client protocol traffic can lead to a significantly higher power consumption of the radio interface. In this article, a cross-layer framework is presented that transitions the wireless network interface card (WNIC) to the energy-conserving sleep mode when no traffic from the server is expected. The approach is validated for different wireless channel conditions, such as path loss and available bandwidth, as well as for different network roundtrip time values. Using this cross-layer algorithm for sample scenario with a remote text editor, and through experiments based on actual user traces, a reduction of the WNIC energy consumption of up to 36.82% is obtained, without degrading the application's reactivity.