• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.1010-1019
• /
• 2011

This was a preliminary research for the goal of understanding between internal structure of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine (OIM) bone and its fragility. 54 hyperspectral bone data sets were captured by using JASCO 2000 Raman spectrometer at UMKC-CRISP (University of Missouri-Kansas City Center for Research on Interfacial Structure and Properties). Each data set consists of 1,091 data points from 9 OIM bones. The original captured hyperspectral data sets were noisy and base-lined ones. We removed the noise and corrected the base-lined data for the final efficient classification. High dimensional Raman hyperspectral data on OIM bones was reduced by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and efficiently classified for the first time. We confirmed OIM bones could be classified such as strong, middle and weak one by using the coefficients of their PCA or LDA. Through experiment, we investigated the efficiency of classification on the reduced OIM bone data by the Bayesian classifier and K -Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) classifier. As the experimental result, the case of LDA reduction showed higher classification performance than that of PCA reduction in the two classifiers. K-NN classifier represented better classification rate, compared with Bayesian classifier. The classification performance of K-NN was about 92.6% in case of LDA.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 2013

It is well known that the targeted fuel efficiency could only be achieved by more than 40% reduction of the vehicle weight through improved design and extensive utilization of lightweight materials. In order to obtain the goal of the weight reduction of automobiles, the researches about lighter and stronger spring link have been studied without sacrificing the safety of automotive components. In this study, the weight reduction design process of spring link could be proposed based on the variation of von-Mises stress contour by substituting an aluminum alloys (A356) having tensile strength of 245 MPa grade instead of SAPH440 steels. In addition, the effect of the stress and stiffness on shape variations of the spring link were examined and compared carefully. It could be reached that this approach could be well established and be contributed for light-weight design guide and the safe design conditions of the automotive spring link development.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2015

The fatigue analysis for cutout panel used for the weight reduction of aircraft has been conventionally performed through the open hole concept using the reference stress and stress concentration factor (Kt). However, in the actual structure cases, the goal of weight reduction might be less meaningful due to the conservative approach induced by the difficulties of extracting the confident reference stress from FE-Analysis in the complicated loading behavior. Therefore a new approach is proposed in order to secure the effectiveness of weight reduction and validate the confidence of the analysis results using the interaction of max-min principal stress at the critical location of open hole edge line.

• 한국기후변화학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 2017

In this study, GHG inventory on 17 local government between 2005 and 2014 is build up using 'GHG emission estimation guideline (2016. 2) for local government' developed and distributed by KECO. This covers all the sectors should be included in national GHG inventory, which are energy, industrial process, agriculture, AFOLU, and waste. In addition, six GHGs, carbon dioxide, metane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride declared in Kyoto protocol are estimated to reflect utmost precision. Indirect esissions, such as electricity, heat and waste generation are separately estimated as well as direct emissions to help local government to establish substantial and implementable reduction measures of GHGs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.182-187
• /
• 2022

Superolateral dislocation of the condyle is a rare mandibular fracture. The treatment goal is to return the dislocated condyle to its original position to recover normal function. This study reports on superolateral dislocation of the condyle with mandibular body fracture. The mandibular body was completely separated, and the medial pole of the condyle head was fractured. The condyle segment was unstable and easily dislocated after reduction. The temporalis muscle on the condyle segment might have affected the dislocation of the condyle. A coronoidectomy was performed to disrupt the function of the temporalis muscle on the condyle segment in order to successfully reduce the dislocated condyle. Coronoidectomy is a simple procedure with minimal complications. We successfully performed a coronoidectomy to reduce the superolateral displaced condyle to its original position to achieve normal function. Coronoidectomy can be effectively used for reduction of superolaterally displaced condyles combined with severe maxilla-mandibular fractures.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2003

The primary contributors to the total occupational radiation exposure in operating nuclear power plants are operation and maintenance activities doting refueling outages. The Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) includes a number of design improvements and plans to utilize advanced maintenance methods and robotics to minimize the annual collective dose. The major radiation exposure reduction features implemented in APR1400 are a permanent refueling pool seal, quick opening transfer tube blind flange, improved hydrogen peroxide injection at shutdown, improved permanent steam generator work platforms, and more effective temporary shielding. The estimated average annual occupational radiation exposure for APR1400 based on the reference plant experience and an engineering judgment is determined to be in the order of 0.4 man-Sv, which is well within the design goal of 1 man-Sv. The basis of this average annual occupational radiation exposure estimation is an eighteen (18) month fuel cycle with maintenance performed to steam generators and reactor coolant pumps during refueling outage. The outage duration is assumed to be 28 days. The outage work is to be performed on a 24 hour per day basis, seven (7) days a week with overlapping twelve (12) hour work shifts. The occupational radiation exposure for APR1400 is also determined by an alternate method which consists of estimating radiation exposures expected for the major activities during the refueling outage. The major outage activities that cause the majority of the total radiation exposure during refueling outage such as fuel handling, reactor coolant pump maintenance, steam generator inspection and maintenance, reactor vessel head area maintenance, decontamination, and ICI & instrumentation maintenance activities are evaluated at a task level. The calculated value using this method is in close agreement with the value of 0.4 man-Sv, that has been determined based on the experience aid engineering judgement. Therefore, with the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) advanced design features incorporated in the design, APR1400 design is to meet its design goal with sufficient margin, that is, more than a factor of two (2), if operated on art eighteen (18) month fuel cycle.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2018

An apartment complex is a building use with great potential to contribute to solving problems related to urban ecological environment and climate change. The first goal of this study is to grasp the current situation of application and limitations of the ecological area rate, which is a representative evaluation index used to evaluate the environmental performance of the external space of an apartment complex in Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED). The second goal is to propose a prototype of the evaluation index for evaluating greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction performance in order to supplement the evaluation index for the environmental performance of the external space in terms of response to climate change. We analyzed 43 cases of apartment complexes certified according to G-SEED, which was enforced since July 1, 2010, and found application characteristics of each space type and the limitations of ecological area rate. We analyzed overseas green building certification systems such as LEED and BREEAM that derived implications for supplementing the limitations of ecological area rate, which is focused on the evaluation of soil and water circulation function, and set up a development direction of complementary measures. Through analysis of previous studies, relevant regulations and standards, and technical documents of the manufacturer, the heat island mitigation performance of the pavement and roof surfaces of the apartment complex and the carbon uptake performance of the trees in the apartment complex was selected as parameters to yield the GHG reduction performance of the external space of the apartment complex. Finally, a quantitative evaluation method for each parameter and a prototype of the evaluation index for the GHG reduction performance were proposed. As a result of applying the prototype to an apartment complex case, the possibility of adoption and applicability as an evaluation index of G-SEED were proved.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.923-946
• /
• 2007

지구온난화에 따른 온실가스 감축이 국가적인 관심사로 대두됨에 따라, 정부는 기후변화협약에 대응하기 위하여 온실가스 감축사업에 대한 다양한 지원 정책을 추진하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 온실가스 감축사업에 대한 정부 지원 정책들 중에서 경매 방식에 의한 지원의 경제적인 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 분석 결과, 경매 방식에 의하여 50억 원의 예산으로 온실가스 감축사업을 지원할 경우, 톤당 8,000원씩 총 61만 2,000톤의 온실가스 저감량에 대한 지원이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 감축사업으로 인한 부가적인 수익인 에너지 절감액을 감안할 경우에는 전체41개 저감사업으로 인한 총 저감량인 101만 톤에 대하여 톤당 4,900원의 지원이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 정부 지원 정책은 온실가스 감축을 유도하여 향후 직면하게 될 온실가스 감축 국가 의무를 달성하기 위한 학습효과의 습득이라는 차원에서 그 의미가 있다고 할 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 1998

This study focuses on one of the most typical energy-intensive industries, the steel industry. The two-fold purpose of the study is to develop a model to assess measures to alleviate sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) emissions from the steel industry and to propose a concrete $SO_2$ emission reduction measure from the steel industry. This study partially employed and modified AIM(Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) developed by Japan National Environmental Research Institute to develop AIM/KOREA SULFUR model for simulation. In the study, a base scenario, which is BAU(Business As Usual) scenario, and mitigation scenarios(a use of low-sulfur contain fuel, fuel conversion to cleaner energy, an induction of desulfurization systems, and energy saving) were employed. The results of the simulation are summarized below: The sulphur dioxide emission from the steel industry in 1992 was estimated to be 252,000 metric tons; however, according to BAU scenario, sulphur dioxide emission is expected to be increased to 586,000 metric tons, which is 2.3 times greater than that in 1992 by year 2020. To alleviate such increasement, simulation results under various 7scenarios proved that some degrees of reduction may be possible by an induction of desulfurization systems although there may be numerous ways to interpretate the simulation results; however, the bottom line is that it appears to be difficult to achieve the Korean Ministry of Environment's policy goal-a mitigation of sulphur dioxide concentration to 0.01ppm.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2013

가축사육지역으로부터 발생되는 강우유출수 처리를 위해 건설된 인공습지에 대해 2010년 5월부터 2011년 11월까지 수행한 20회의 강우시 모니터링을 통하여 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과 강우시 저감효율은 TSS 88%, BOD 54%, $COD_{Mn}$ 35%, $COD_{Cr}$ 70%, TN 31%, TP 64%이었다. 이론적으로 강우계급의 증가(강우유출량 증가)는 습지의 수리학적 교환비율을 증가시키기 때문에 TSS 저감효율은 감소해야하는데 교환비율이 1에 접근하였을 때 대략 55%의 효율을 달성하였다. 또한 연속적인 강우활동, 개별적인 강우사상의 대소, 강도, 선행건기 일수 등 습지에서는 실험자가 제어할 수 없는 수많은 자연변수들이 복합적으로 작용하기 때문에 처리효율의 변동이 매우 컸다. 효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 요인으로는 수리학적 요인과 함께 조류증식이 성능 불확실성에 크게 기여하였다.