• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2003

무부자 쌍끌이 중층망은 유속에 관계없이 뜸줄은 거의 일직선으로 유지되고 뜸줄의 깊이 변화가 없었다 또한, 뜸이 없기 때문에 부력은 작용하지 않지만 아래 끌줄의 길이를 조절함으로써 망고를 유지할 수 있었다. 그리고, 무부자 썽끌이 중층망의 전개성능은 발줄의 침자 외에도 추(Front weight)와 날개끝 추(Wing-end weight)의 침강력을 증가시킴으로써 더욱 향상될 수 있었다. 연구는 회류수조에서의 모형실험을 통하여 무부자쌍끌이 중층망의 추와 날개끝 추의 무게에 따른 전개 성능을 규명하고 그 결과를 기준형과 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유체저항은 유속이 2.0∼5.0knot로 증가함에 따라 거의 직선적으로 증가하였으며, 느린 유속에서는 저항의 증가폭이 작지만, 유속이 빠를 때는 저항의 증가폭이 커지는 경향을 보였다. 추의 무게 및 날개끝 추의 무게의 증가함에 따라서도 유체저항은 증가 하였다. 2. 망고는 유속이 증가함에 따라 거의 직선적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 망고의 감소율은 기준형보다 무부자망이 낮았다. 추의 무게가 0.70ton 에서 1.75ton으로 증가할 때 각 단계별로 약 2m씩, 날개끝 추의 무게가 0.28ton에서 1.11ton으로 증가할 때 각 단계별로 약 1m씩 각각 망고가 증가하였다. 망폭은 기준형보다 모든 무부자망이 약 10m 정도 더 컸으며, 추와 날개끝 추의 무게가 증가햄에 따라 그 변화폭은 2m 내외로 거의 일정하였다. 3. 망구면적은 추의 무게가 1.75ton 일 때, 날개끝 추의 무게가 1.11ton일 때 최대가 되었고 유속이 2.0∼3.0knot에서는 무부자망이 기준형보다 작았으나, 4.0-5.0knot에서는 무부자망이 기준형보다 더컸다. 4. 여과량은 기준형에서는 3.0knot일 때, 무부자망에서는 4.0knot일 때 각각 최대가 되었으며, 추의 적정무게는 1.40ton이었다. 팀은 환자가 원하는 영적 간호를 실시하도록 체계적인 접근 방법을 강구해야 할 것으로 사료된다.된다. 통하여 움직임 감소 장치를 사용함으로써 내부 장기 중 횡격막 움직임의 범위가 감소함과 동시에 CTV-PTV 마진이 크게 줄어드는 결과를 확인하였다. 이 결과를 통하여 흉부 또는 복부에 종양을 가진 환자 치료 시 더욱 질 높은 방사선 치료가 실현될 것으로 기대한다. 30∼40％ 정도 느렸고, 퍼레니얼라이그라스도 퍼레니얼라이그라스 100％ 단일종류에 비해 20∼30％정도 늦었다. 따라서, 뗏장 재배시 여러 종류의 초종을 천편일률적으로 혼합하여 파종하는 것은 바람직하지 않으며, 컨셉에 따라 적절하게 초종 및 품종을 선택해서 사용하는 것이 필요하다. 5. 뗏장의 뿌리 형성 능력은 퍼레니얼라이그라스가 가장 좋았고, 가장 저조한 초종은 켄터키블루그라스였다. 톨훼스큐는 켄터키블루그라스와 퍼레니얼라이그라스의 중간정도로 나타났다. 혼합구의 뗏장 형성 능력은 초종의 혼합비에 따라 뿌리 형성력 차이가 다르게 나타났는데, 특히 퍼레니얼라이그라스 혼합비율이 많을수록 뿌리 형성 능력은 증가하였다. 6. 뗏장 수확시 잔디 품질은 단일 초종구의 품질이 혼합구에 비해 양호하였는데 가장 우수한 초종은 켄터키블루그라스였고, 톨훼스큐는 켄터키블루그라스 다음으로 중간정도, 그리고 퍼레니얼라이그라스는 가장 저조하였다. 켄터키블루그라스는 균일한 잔디 면, 고밀도 및 예초 후 상태가 우수한 특성으로 품질이 양호하였고, 퍼레니얼라이그라스의 품질이 저조하였던 것은 초장이 길어 잔디 면이 누운 상태로 나타나 균일도 저하 및 예초 후 품질이 켄터키블루그라스나 톨훼스큐 보다 떨어지기 때문이다. 그리고 혼합구의 품질은 여러 종류가 혼합됨으로 인해 색상 및 밀도의 균일도가 떨어지고, 또한 예초 시 물결처럼 불균일하게 깎여 잔디 표면이 불량하였기 때문이었다. 7. 골프장이나 경기장 기본 설계 시 초기 피복도 및 뿌리 형성력이

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.955-960
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• 2008

본 연구는 전자빔 공정에서 실험계획법(design of experiment: DOE) 중 일반요인배치법(general factorial design)을 이용하여 2개 인자(X$_1$: benomyl concentration(mg/L), X$_2$: E-beam irradiation(Gy))를 토대로 요인(X$_1$: benomyl concentration) 1에서 3개 수준(3 level: 0.5, 1 및 1.5 mg/L)와 요인(X$_2$: E-beam irradiation) 2에서 6개 수준(6 level: 100, 800, 600, 400, 200 및 100 Gy)으로 구성된 3블록(block) 실험조합에 따라 Benomyl의 분해(Y$_1$: the % of decomposition), 무기화(Y$_2$: the % of materialization) 및 독성평가(acute toxicity assessment)를 수행하였다. 우선 HPCL 분석에 의한 Benomyl에 분해특성은 처리조합(treatment combination) 3 블록(block)의 17 및 18번을 제외한 모든 실험조건에서 100% 분해되었고 등분산(equal variance) 조건에서 일원분산분석(one-way ANOVA)결과 수준 간 유의한 차이가 없었다(p > 0.05). 전자빔 조사에 의한 Benomyl에 무기화(materialization) 특성은 각 3개의 처리조합에서 평균 46%, 36.7% 및 22%의 제거효율을 나타났고 각 조합에서 처리수준 간 예측식은 block 1(Y$_1$ = 0.024X$_1$ + 34.1(R$^2$ = 0.929)), block 2(Y$_2$ = 0.026X$_2$ + 23.1(R$^2$ = 0.976)) 및 block 3(Y$_3$ = 0.034X$_3$ + 6.2(R$^2$ = 0.98)) 등의 1차 선형 회귀식을 만족하였다. 또한 Benomyl에 무기화(materialization)에 대한 Anderson-Darling 검정을 이용한 정규성(normality)을 만족하였다(p > 0.05). 또한 무기화에 대한 반응에 대한 선형 및 비선형을 포함한 다중회귀분석(multi regression analysis)을 도출한 결과 다음과 같은 예측식 Y = 39.96 - 9.36X$_1$ + 0.03X$_2$ - 10.67X$_1{^2}$ - 0.001X$_2{^2}$ + 0.011X$_1$X$_2$(R$^2$ = 96.3%, Adjusted R$^2$ = 94.8%)을 도출하였다. 2가지 반응변수(X$_1$: benomyl concentration(mg/L), X$_2$: E-beam irradiation(Gy))에 의한 2차 반응표면 모형식 추정으로부터 정준분석을 통해 최적조건을 도출한 결과 Benomyl 초기농도(X$_1$) 0.55 mg/L, 전자빔 조사량 950 Gy에서 TOC 제거율 57.3%으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 V. fischeri를 이용한 MicrotoxTM modified 81.9% test을 이용하여 전자빔에 의한 Benomyl에 대한 급성 독성을 평가한 결과 전자빔 조사전 block 1의 0.5 mg/L에서 10.25%, block 2의 1 mg/L에서 20.14% 및 block 3의 1.5 mg/L에서 26.2%의 생물학적 방해(inhibition)작용이 발생하였으나 전자빔 조사 후 모든 조건에서 생물학적 방해영향을 나타나지 않았다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2007

목적: 마우스 모델에서 cisplatin과 방사선조사로 구내염을 유발시킨 후 재조합 표피성장인자 (recombinant human epidermal growth factor, rhEGF)을 처치하여 그 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 마우스 24마리를 대상으로 정상대조군 8마리와 실험군은 각각 rhEGF 처치군과 미처치군으로 8마리씩 분류하였으며 실험군은 10 mg/kg의 cisplatin을 방사선조사 첫날 동시에 1회 복강 내 투여하였고, 방사선조사는 5일간 1회 5 Gy씩, 5일간 25 Gy를 조사하였다. RhEGF 처치군은 방사선조사 2일 전부터 2일간 1 mg/kg의 rhEGF를 피하주사하였으며 방사선조사3일째부터 3일간 1 mg/kg를 피하주사하여 총 5 mg/kg의 rhEGF를 투여하였다. 마우스의 체중변화, 먹이섭취 및 조직학적 변화를 평가하였다. 결 과: 마우스 체중변화는 rhEG F처치군이 실험 3일째부터 5일간 rhEGF 미처치군과 비교하여 통계적으로 유의한 체중의 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다. 먹이섭취는 실험군(rhEGF 처치군과 미처치군)에서 실험 5일째까지 감소하였다가 13일째부터 먹이섭취의 증가를 보여주었다. Cisplatin과 방사선조사 후 7일째의 조직학적 검사에서는 rhEGF 처치군에서 마우스의 점막 표피층의 변성이 관찰되었으나 rhEGF 미처치군에서는 점막층의 염증 반응이 관찰되었다. 결 론: Cisplatin과 방사선 조사로 마우스에서 발생한 구내염에서 rhEGF를 투여한 경우 체중 변화와 먹이섭취의 유의한 개선을 관찰하였으며 조직학적 검사에서 점막 손상의 회복을 확인하였다. 향후 임상적으로 rhEGF가 항암화학요법과 방사선치료로 인한 구내염을 줄일 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.값은 11개월이었고 2년, 3년 생존율은 31.5%, 15.8%였다. 결 론: 2기 췌장암 환자들은 국소 재발 및 원격 전이의 가능성이 높은 고위험군으로 국소 제어율 및 전체 생존율의 향상을 위해서 수술 후 효과적인 방사선치료의 적극적인 시행 및 이후의 보조적인 전신 항암화학요법을 권고하여 시행하는 것이 바람직하다. 평가 검사는 모두 제조사의 시험지침서에 부합하였다. 결론적으로, 이는 본 GE $Advance^{TM}$ PET 시스템이 임상에의 적용에 적합함을 보여주었다.mens사의 상용 분석 프로그램에는 해당 기능이 없어 계산값의 비교를 통한 검증은 수행하지 못하였고, 수화(hydration)와 탈수(dehydration) 각각의 조건에 따른 신장기능 분석에 적용하였을 때, 판별 기준이 되는 유의미한 값을 산출하여 타당성 검증을 대신하였다. 결론: 이 연구에서 개발한 핵의학 영상의 정량적 분석을 통한 신장기능 분석 프로그램을 사용하여 신장 기능을 분석한 결과, 타당성 있는 결과를 도출하여 그 유용성을 입증하였다. 이 개발 프로그램은 좀 더 다양한 임상응용 목적의 분석기능을 사용자가 직접 개발, 추가하기가 용이하여 기존 상용 프로그램보다 연구적 활용범위가 크다고 사료된다.2.2{\pm}0.4\;(1.6{\sim}3.2){\mu}g/ml$와 $1.4{\pm}0.2\;(0.8{\sim}1.6){\mu}g/ml$로서(p=0.16), 표준균주 3종 모두에서 Infecton의 MBC 또한 ciprofloxacin에 비해 $2{\sim}4$배가 높았다. 결론: Tc-99m Infecton은 ciprofloxacin 보다는 약하였지만 표준균주에 대해 생체외 항균력을 보였다.를

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• 제42권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2008

목적: 혈관내피성장인자(VEGF)와 그 수용체는 종양의 성장과 전이에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다 3개의 수용체가 알려져 있는데 그 중에서도 VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR)가 종양 angiogenesis에 매우 밀접하게 관련한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 마우스 Flk-1 항체로 알려진 DC101에 I-131을 표지하여 매우 공격적인 종양으로 알려진 흑색 종의 치료 정도를 확인해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 하이브리도마 세포에서 Flk-1 항체인 DC101을 분리하여 western blot, ELISA, maldi-tof 방법을 이용하여 순도를 확인하고 항체 에 chloramin T를 이용하여 I-131을 표지하였다. 누드마우스에 B16F10세포를 주사하여 흑색종 모델을 만들고 평균 $200-250\;mm^3$으로 키워 $^{131}I$-DC101을 주사하여 영상과 시간별 장기섭취율(%ID/g)을 비교하고, 종양내 Flk-1 발현을 확인하기 위하여 면역염색 등을 시행하였다. 흑색종 동물모델을 5개 군으로 나누어 각각 치료를 시행하였다. 1군은 PBS만을, 2군은 $^{131}I$-DC101 $50\;{\mu}g(200\;{\mu}Ci)$을, 3군은 DC101 $50\;{\mu}g$을, 4군은 $^{131}I$-DC101 $30\;{\mu}g(200\;{\mu}Ci)$을, 5군은 $^{131}I$-DC101 $15\;{\mu}g(200\;{\mu}Ci)$을 각각 매 3일 ${\sim}$ 4일마다 주사하고 전체 5회를 주사하였고 종양볼륨을 측정하였다. 결과: $^{131}I$-DC101을 흑색종 모델에 정맥주사하고 78시간까지 영상을 얻은 결과 시간에 따라 종양섭취가 증가 하는 영상을 보였다. 시간대별 장기섭취를 정확히 확인하기 위하여 1시간, 6시간, 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 장기섭취율을 비교한 결과 시간에 따라 혈액내 방사능치가 서서히 감소하였고 다른 장기의 섭취도 시간에 따라 감소하였고 종양의 섭취는 48시간까지 증가하였다가 그 이후는 감소하였다. 흑색종 동물모델에 $^{131}I$-DC101 치료를 시행한 결과 3번째 주사까지는 각군간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않다가 4번째 주사를 시행한 때부터 1군과 2군, 또는 1군과 4군간의 유의한 차이를 보이기 시작했다. 또한 5번째 주사 이후에는 5군에서도 유의한 차이를 보여 I-131 에 의한 효과가 뚜렷해짐을 확인하였다. 결론 마우스 Flk-1 항체로 알려진 DC101을 흑색종 모델에 정맥내 주사하였을 때, 종양성장억제 효과를 보이지 않는 항체양에서도 I-131을 표지하여 치료를 시행했을 경우에는 효율적인 종양성장억제 효과를 보였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.93-114
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• 2005

The prenatal care is the preventive medical service to help the pregnant mother deliver the healthy baby. It's regular examines give some chances to check-up the healthy conditions. This thesis concentrates on the CRM system to support an effective prenatal care system and prove the effectiveness of it. As CRM is the adapted management related to the customer's own information, it is important to develop the CRM model classified by the patients characteristics. A general hospital in Busan operated the CRM system to carry out the effective prenatal care and there is an analysis to ensure the effectiveness of CRM system for the pregnant women in our maternity ward. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) According to the comparisons with the CRM system, we can conclude the system is desirable. (1) Maternal Age : In the age distribution, the prenatal visit frequency, triple marker freqency, oral GTT and targeted ultrasonography in the experimental group in 30 to 34 years old is higher on the whole. For over 35 years old group, the higher frequency comes out in the oral GTT and targeted ultrasonography and for 25 to 29 years old group the different figure shows just in the targeted ultrasonography. (2) Area of residence: There is a clear difference in all the items in Busan and near area but no sign of difference in prenatal visits and oral GTT in other residencial area. Especially in the targeted ultrasonography the higher figure shows in the experimental group located in the both areas. The targeted ultrasonography is known as the specific examination which should be examined by the specialists, on the contrary the other examinations can be operated in the small clinic. So the public information and seminars related with ultrasonography increases the check-up frequency. The clinic requests some ultrasonographical examinations to the specialists in general hospital. (3) Parity: The clear difference shows that the CRM system causes the prenatal visit frequency to become higher in experimental group. The figure is 9.7 times and 8.6 times each. This is opposite that the past study said multiparity reduced the average prenatal visits. But the result of CRM is considered as the method to help the multiparity understand the importance of the prenatal care. (4) Obstetrical history: In the experimental group of the spontaneous delivery group, the figure is higher in the prenatal visit frequency, triple marker, oral GTT and targeted ultrasonography but the Caesarean section delivery group has higher figure in targeted ultrasonography. (5) In the first check-up, the rate of targeted ultrasonography in under 16 week pregnancy, in the 16 week pregnancy to 32 week pregnancy and the over 32 week pregnancy in the experimental group is upper than the compared one. For the oral GTT, there is a difference in under 16 week pregnancy but no difference in prenatal visits and triple marker. 2) The analysis of characteristics of prenatal care through the decision tree resulted in the fact that the most important variable is the residential area. After the delivery frequency is following, the obstetrical history and maternal age are in order. It is the same result in the triple marker and oral GTT. Consequently it is the same order of important variables in CRM system. The effectiveness of CRM system is proved in this study. The CRM system is a marketing method to control and lead the customers through the segmentation of customer data. It increases the new customer aquisition, maintenance of loyal customers, augmentation of customers value, activation of potential customers and creation of life time customers. So eventually it can enlarge the customers value. The medical institution should make efforts to establish the data base enforced by the customer's information on the underlying ordinary data system to carry out the CRM system effectively. In addition, it should develop the a variety of marketing strategy in order to set up one to one marketing satisfying the needs of individual patients.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권5_2호
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• pp.661-676
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 남한영역에 대하여 1 km 고해상도의 계절예측 기온자료를 생산하고, 생산된 예측자료의 성능을 높이는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 이 새로운 방법은 총 4가지 단계의 실험으로 구성되어 있다. 첫 번째 단계인 EXP1은 PNU CGCM에서 생산된 저해상도 계절예측 기온자료이며, EXP2는 EXP1의 결과에 역거리 가중법을 적용하여 생산된 남한영역의 1 km 고해상도 계절예측 기온자료이다. EXP3는 EXP2의 결과에서 위성고도자료인 ASTER GDEM을 이용하여 고도에 따른 기온변화를 추정한 후 이를 적용한 계절예측 기온자료이다. 마지막으로 EXP4는 EXP3의 결과에 유전자 알고리즘을 적용하여 모형의 예측결과 내 존재하는 계통적 오차를 보정한 결과이다. EXP1과 EXP2는 남한의 지형적 특성이 전혀 고려되지 않아 다른 실험에 비해 낮은 예측성을 보였으며, 특히 고도가 높은 관측지점에서 두 실험의 예측 성능이 더욱 낮았다. 반면, 위성에서 관측된 고해상도 고도자료가 적용된 EXP3와 EXP4는 고도가 증가함에 따라 기온이 감소하는 특징 등 지형적 특성을 효과적으로 표현하면서 높은 예측성능을 보였다. 특히, 유전자 알고리즘으로 예측값의 계통적 오차가 감소된 EXP4는 다른 실험과 비교하여 시간상관성, 관측으로 정규화된 표준편차, 정답률, 오답률 등 시간에 따른 변동성에 대해서 가장 높은 예측성능을 보였다. 이는 본 연구에서 제안한 새로운 방법을 통해 고해상도 격자의 질 높은 실시간 계절예보 자료를 효과적으로 생산할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2018

무의 껍질과 무청은 식용으로 사용하기도 하지만, 질기고 거친 식감으로 인하여 제거 후 부산물로서 폐기되거나 가축의 사료로 이용되는 실정이다. 본 연구는 초임계 열처리가공 무추출물이 UVB로 유도된 Hos:HRM-2 주름생쥐동물모델에서 항-광노화 주름개선 효능을 검증하고자 하였다. 초임계 열처리된 무 추출물을 7주령의 HRM-2 생쥐에 UVB 램프로 등피부에 조사하여 피부 노화를 유발하여 피부두께, 탄력, 그리고 주름생성 변화에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 초임계 열처리된 무추출물의 UVB 조사에 의한 HRM생쥐의 주름 측정 결과는 정상군에 비해 음성대조군의 주름의 깊이가 증가되는 것을 관측할 수 있었다. 반면 무 추출물의 처리군에서는 음성대조군에 비해 주름의 깊이가 감소되었다. 초임계 열처리된 무추출물의 UVB 조사에 의한 의한 주름관련 유전자 및 단백질의 발현에 미치는 영향에서는 음성대조군은 정상군에 비해 MMP-2 및 MMP-9 유전자의 발현이 현저하게 증가하였으나, 무 추출물의 처리에 의해 상기 유전자의 발현이 유의적으로 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 유전자의 발현 정도는 무 추출물의 처리량에 의존적으로 감소하였다. 실험결과를 종합적으로 해석해 볼 때, 초임계 열처리된 무 추출물은 피부에 도포 시 뿐만 아니라 경구로 섭취시에도 피부 주름 개선에 효과가 있어, 건강기능식품 조성물로도 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 특히 무는 오랫동안 복용 시에도 전혀 부작용을 나타내지 않는 안전한 식품으로 장기간 꾸준히 복용하는 것에 의해 피부 주름 및 탄력 개선 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 결론을 얻을수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2006

연구배경: 급성폐손상에서 염증세포의 모집과 활성, 그 염증세포의 부산물인 활성산소, 사이토카인, 기질단백분해효소등과 기획성 세포사멸이 폐실질 파괴와 재구성에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 당뇨환자에서 세균 감염 시 중성구의 기능 이상과 활성 산화기의 기능이상, 살균 능의 저하를 가져온다고 알려져 있으나 단백분해효소 대한 견해가 부족한 편이다. 본 연구에서는 동물 모델에서 내독소로 유발된 급성폐손상의 기전에 중요한 역할을 하는 단백분해효소와 그 억제제의 분비를 비교 관찰하였다. 방 법: 생후 6주된 수컷 쥐 40마리를 정상군, 당뇨군, 내독소군, 당뇨-내독소군으로 나누어 당뇨군은 streptozotocin을 투여하였고 내독소군은 지질다당질을 투여하고서 희생시켰다. 각각 혈액, 기관지폐포세척액을 얻어 gelatin zymography를 이용하여 MMP-9의 활성을 측정하였고 Western blot으로 TIMP-1을 측정하였다. 결 과: 1) 내독소군과 당뇨-내독소군은 정상과 당뇨군에 비해 폐 무게의 증가와 기관지폐포세척액과 폐 조직 소견상 염증세포, 특히 중성구의 증가를 보였고 기관지폐포세척액 내 단백질 양의 증가를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 또한 당뇨-내독소군은 내독소군과 달리 기관지폐포세척액 내 총 염증세포 수가 유의하게 감소하였다 (p = 0.001). 2) MMP-9의 활성은 혈청에서는 당뇨-내독소군이 다른 세 군보다 가장 높은 활성을 보였고 기관지폐포세척액에서는 내독소군과 당뇨-내독소군은 차이가 없었으나 정상과 당뇨군에 비해 높은 활성을 보였다 (p < 0.05). TIMP-1 발현은 혈청에서는 네 군간의 차이가 없었고 기관지폐포세척액은 당뇨-내독소군이 가장 낮은 발현을 보였다 (p < 0.05). MMP-9/ TIMP-1 density ratio를 비교했을 때 기관지폐포세척액에서 당뇨-내독소군이 다른 세 군보다 높았고 내독소군도 정상과 당뇨군보다 높았다 (p < 0.05). 결 론: 급성폐손상이 있는 당뇨에서는 염증세포의 화학 주성 감소로 중증 감염에 민감해지고, 기질단백분해효소 활성 증가와 그 억제제의 감소로 폐손상이 가중될 것으로 예상된다.