• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.837-847
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• 2001

The main purposes of this study were to survey and assess the current situation surrounding solid waste generation in school foodservices, to identify and evaluate the measures(reduction and recycling programs) taken by the foodservices for waste disposal, and to suggest appropriate reform measures to improve the current status, especially in terms of environmental preservation. Questionnaires on solid waste management practices were mailed to 206 school foodservice dietitians in the Kyungbuk region : a 64.0%(N = 130) response rate was obtained. While there are food waste and packaging waste generated from the foodservice operations, about a third(34.1%) of the foodservice operations were responsible for the disposal of both the food wastes and packaging wastes. About 90% of school foodservice managers were responsible for managing solid wastes. The primary recycling methods of leftovers generated from the school food service operations were livestock feed(76.0%). About 60.0% of school foodservice managers conducted the food waste reduction program. The performance by the foodservice managers in reducing the food waste was not satisfactory in several fields, such as developing environmentally friendly menus or abiding by the standard recipe, etc. In addition, the government assistance system was not properly working in the food service management. In conclusion, we should focus on increasing the performance in reducing the food waste by the foodservice managers, strengthening and facilitating the government assistance system for the food waste management and to develop education methods and education materials for food waste management.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.614-618
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• 2006

Recycling of asphalt including shingle is much important for economic aspects such as a decrease of treatment cost. This research was carried out in order to process the recycled shingle to asphalt concrete which is a pavement material. Pure asphalt and the mixture of recycled asphalt were tested in terms of the thermal characteristics, viscosity, and penetration. DSC analysis indicates that the thermal characteristics of separate shingle showed similar properties regardless of processing conditions. Melting of asphalt separated from shingle occurred at $170^{\circ}C$. The viscosity and penetration of the 1~5 wt% of mixed recycling asphalt and raw material asphalt are suitable for the pavement material standard.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2014

The importance of construction waste reusing and recycling is becoming increasingly large because the demolition industry is in current trend to pursue for sustainable growth. As the considering situation of the domestic housing construction and existing house, a scale of demolition industry is expected to be increased continuously. But the related cost regulations that are used in tendering in the demolition industry are insufficient, also the computer system for estimating the demolition costs have not been developed yet. Therefore, in this study suggests man-hours of 21EA items which are utilized to estimate demolition cost and work rate of $1.0m^3$ breaker which is used mostly in domestic demolition industry after analyzing a case study for deconstruction works. The computer system is developed for the estimating demolition cost easily, which are including five modules such as a project information, a unit cost management, a standard unit cost table, a bill of quantity, and a reporting system. This computer system is possible to apply for estimating cost of both mechanical demolition and blasting demolition. The biggest advantage of this system is to estimate cost to utilize standard WBS which is linked with standard unit table and each DB. This can help unskilled users use easily for it.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

The scale of repair parts market reached 0.1 billion won. Above all, it is remarkable that the automotive insurance business world is paying f3r 40 ~5o% of the whole repair cost. The repair parts consist of a genuine parts, non-genuine parts, recycling used parts. It is the recent trend that recycled parts are more popular than the genuine parts f3r repairing crashed cars due to the cost. Performance of recycled continuous velocity(CV) joints and power steering(PS) gear box as replacement parts was tested and analysed in this study. To examine the durability of the recycled parts, the replaced CV joints and PS gear box after repair were tested and analysed periodically. The results were showed that basic performance of the recycled parts was normal. However the ball cage of CV joints was more frequently damaged than genuine parts. We concluded that a test standard and amendment of related laws for recycled parts is required to get a safe and durable parts.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2020

Using the waste(sand wastr and boiler ash) in fluidized bed inciverator, lightweight aggregate concrete was produced and a recycling plan was prepated. The first, the result of the leaching test shows that the waste fluid sand and boiler ash did not exceed the effluent standard. This indicates that there is no harmful effect for recycling. The second, in the lightweight aggregate test using waste fluid sand and boiler ash, the sample that combined cement, waste fluid sand, and sand showed the highest compressive strength, and the mix proportion was 10: 7: 3. Lightweight aggregate concrete that combined cement, waste fluid sand, boiler ash, and sand had a low compressive strength by and large. The third, the same results were identified in the relation between the content of SiO₂ and that of Na₂O. As the SiO₂ content is lowered, the overall viscosity and plasticity of the concrete also decrease, which is not a good condition to form concrete. As for Na₂O, as the content increases, the viscosity of the sample and the viscosity of the cement are remarkably lowered, and the strength of the finished concrete is lowered. Therefore, it was concluded that the higher the content of SiO₂ and the lower the content of Na₂O, the more suitable it is to mix with cement to produce concrete. Fourth, from the fluidized bed incinerator currently operated by company A in city B, a total of 14,188 tons/year were discharged as of 2016, including 8,355 tons/year of bottom ash (including waste fluid sand) and 5,853 tons/year of boiler ash. The cost for landfill bottom ash and boiler ash discharged is 51,000 won/ton, and the total annual landfill cost is 723,588,000 won/ year. Assuming that the landfill tax to be applied from the year 2018 is about 10,000 won/ton, and if there is no reduction in waste disposal charge, an additional landfill tax of 141,880,000 won/year will be imposed. Consequently, the sum total of the annual landfill cost will be 865,468,000 won/year. Therefore, if the entire amount is used for recycling, the annual savings of about 8.7 billion won can be expected.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-148
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• 2015

The number of used oil refining companies has been increased and it causes shortage of the volume of used oil per recycling company. In addition, the number of used oil collecting companies has been increased and it caused excessive competition among companies with excessive costs. Companies use not only proper used oil but also low quality used oil because of shortage of supply. It is the reason of environmental pollution. Also excessive competition brings high cost of refined oil and it becomes a burden on the consumer. Therefore, the recycling improvement plans of used oil is needed because of these causes. First of all, importing used oil from the developed countries of OECD is the one of solution to secure a used oil supply. However, imported used oil should meet the international quality standards and it is examined twice by international authority institute such as K-petro in both exporting and importing countries. Second, the cost would be reduced with the relaxation on regulations of used oil refinement. However, regulation to sediment and water should be separated. Sediment should be kept within 2% and water should be kept within 5%. It is the way to relax the regulations of used oil refinement with preventing environmental pollutions. Finally, the standard of used oil for heater should be regulated strictly. To prevent pollutions, used oil for heater is limited to high quality waste lubricating oil. Also the air pollution prevention device has to be installed on heater.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.90-96
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• 2010

We are stepping into so called "aged society" stage, as the mature people account for 7% of the population by UN's standard yardstick. The goal of this research is to provide the fundamental source in producing ecological lifestyle uniforms of health and substantiality: LOHAS which are relevant to high performance and healthy body and take things like architecture, driving, surroundings, and recycling as main factors. the results of study were as follows: Therefore we can predict, through exerting researches about consumer's usage and preference of uniforms, that the garment business will be upgraded to the medical welfare and urban life style business level. All of the silver town resident we researched wear silver town uniforms, and the uniforms were chosen by the owner and operator. This research was processed through the survey of supervisors who were employed in senior residences. 66% of elderly changed their clothes for laundary every 2 days, The timing of removal of the old uniform was that 17% was less than 1 years, consideration of buying silver-town uniforms were consider materials, design, laundary, convenience of administration, durability, color, cost.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.576-582
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• 2015

In recently, the Korea government is concerning on non-point source pollution management to improve water quality. The objective of this paper is to investigate the improvement measurement for management of livestock wastes. As a result, we find that the National Pollution Source Survey is necessary to establish the unified database system with the Korea Statistics(KOSAT) in order to minimize the difference between relevant data. The investigation for environmental impact of livestock manure should be supported the designation of control areas and establishment of the technical guidelines including target material, monitoring site, standard method, etc. In addition, it should be followed by appropriate nutrient recycling and proper fertilizer usage based on social consultation and cost-benefit analysis.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.599-615
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• 2022

In order to excavate underground tunnel most safely such as Han river, the slurry shield TBM method is applied to cope with face of high water pressure for many metro projects. In downtown subway project most of excavated soil is discharged externally whereas in road construction excavated soil is used as filling materials so it becomes important factor for success of the project. After excavated soil, weathered rock and soft rock are discharged with bentonite through discharge pipe to slurry treatment plant then those soils are separated in separation plant according to those size. Fine grained soil has been discarded together with filter cake but it is not toxic and can be mixed with coarse aggregate in proper ratio so this study is performed to find use of qualified filling material to meet quality standard. Therefore, in this study, legal standards and quality standards for the utilization of excavated soil of the slurry shield TBM method were examined and test was conducted to derive recycling way for filter cake and aggregate. And a plan for using it as a filling material for road construction was derived. Because bentonite is a clay composed of montmorillonite, and the excavated soil in the tunnel is also non-toxic, disposal of this material can waste social cost so it is expected to be helpful in the underground space development project that carries out the TBM project by recycling it as a valuable resource.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

Researches on resources recycling in the field of construction have made an extensive progress such as recycled aggregate of waste concrete and recycling of asphalt. On the other hand, there are almost never researches on pavement method with used waste frying oil. In South Korea, 0.2 million ton used waste frying oil is discharged every year. It is guessed that about 0.1 million ton used waste frying oil can be collected. If used waste frying oil is recycled, it is expected that disuse cost will be reduced and water pollution of rivers will be prevented. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate on mechanical features (strength, water resistance, chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, freezing and thawing resistance and permeable coefficient) whether dense graded permeable concrete mixing silica sand with flexible alkyd resin manufactured by making ester reaction with collected used waste frying oil to make alkyd resin could be applied to road pavement for non-roadway. The results of the study were as follows. In flexural strength, it had 1.6 times as much as road design standard 4.5MPa. In water resistance, chemistry resistance and freezing and thawing resistance, they had lack of strength in early age. As age went by, they didn't have large changes. And curing temperature had phenomenon of increase in strength at rather low temperature than high temperature by glass transition temperature of resin. Therefore, considering workability, strength and durability when it was applied to road pavement, it was reasonable that the mixing ratio of flexible alkyd resin was 10~15% in comparison with silica sand weight.