• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2004

To evaluate utilization of tobacco dust as a raw material of reconstituted tobacco, tobacco dust was applied to the paper-making reconstituted tobacco process and we examined the chemical and physical properties of the reconstituted tobacco and raw materials. The use of tobacco dust in the manufacture of reconstituted tobacco had no measurable adverse effects on the chemical properties of the reconstituted tobacco when added to the reconstituted tobacco formula at levels of $3\%,\;5\%,\;7\%\;and\;10\%$ instead of foreign bright stem. Filling power and fragibility index of the reconstituted tobacco was slightly decreased with increasing tobacco dust levels, but it was not significant change. However, when the level of $10\%$ tobacco dust was added to the reconstituted tobacco formula, the tensile index based basis weight was rapidly decreased.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2004

A comparative analysis of characteristics of domestic and foreign reconstituted tobacco based on papermaking was conducted to evaluate the quality of reconstituted tobacco and to utilize as basic data for improvement of domestic reconstituted tobacco. In the formation, which is key factor to quality and physical properties of product, foreign reconstituted tobacco has better uniform formation than those of domestic one. These result was attributed to distribution of large floc size in the domestic one unevenly. In the fiber morphology, domestic reconstituted tobacco has larger average fiber length and width than those of foreign one. They indicated that fiber morphology of domestic one will exert structural properties of paper such as formation and permeability. Tensile strength of domestic one has lower than those of foreign one by basis weight. In the air permeability, domestic one was remarkably reduced because base web was over sized. It also will affect the combustibility of reconstituted tobacco. In summary, we conclude that the physical and structural properties of domestic reconstituted tobacco result in quality deviations compared with foreign reconstituted tobacco.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2000

The reconstituted tobacco leaves(RTL) playa major part in the control of the low density and tar cigarette. Reconstituted tobacco manufactured by the papermaking process has much higher filling power than homogenized tobacco manufactured by slurry and rolling process. Fragile reconstituted tobaccos are liable to lead to small particles detrimental for filling power so they must be properly flexible. This work was conducted to determine the effect of CaCO$_3$ addition in paper-making process on the filling power and the flexibility of the reconstituted tobacco and to obtain the fundamental informations for improving the quality of domestic reconstituted tobacco. We analyzed the wood fiber species, the filler level, the fiber length, the fineness level and observed the surface of the RTL. From the obtained results, we could determine that foreign reconstituted tobacco was manufactured by blending softwood with hardwood and over 8% of calcium carbonate at the addition level. The domestic RTL has much higher fine fiber level by 23.2 % than that of foreign, so the refining treatment process and the condition must be reoptimized for the improvement of RTL quality.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2010

This study was designed to compare the physicochemical and nutritional properties between reconstituted milk samples made from freeze-dried milk powder (FDMP) and spray-dried milk powder (SDMP). Reconstituted milk (87%, wb) was made by combining FDMP or SDMP with water. In the color analysis, the $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of the reconstituted milk samples made from both powders were not significantly different from the control. The thiobarbituric acid values and short-chain free fatty acid concentrations were considerably greater in the reconstituted milk made from SDMP than in the milk made from FDMP. The quantities of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in the reconstituted milk samples made from SDMP were significantly lower than those made from FDMP. Based on the findings obtained in the present study, the reconstituted milk made from FDMP appeared to be more resistant to lipid oxidation and exhibited little changes in the nutrients levels when compared with reconstituted milk made from SDMP.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.527-531
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• 2003

당뇨병의 한방요법에 사용되는 생약재들을 열수추출하여 한약액으로 조제하고 이를 곡물 베이스인 현미와 보리가루에 혼합한 후 압출성형하여 쌀알과 유사한 형태의 재성형 당뇨쌀로 제조하였다. 한방 생약재 추출물을 첨가한 당뇨쌀을 백미와 함께 각각 1 : 1의 비율로 취반한 혼용밥은 관능적으로 양호하게 평가되었으며 이는 한약액을 복용하는 방법에 비해 섭취가 간편하고 기호선이 개선된 식이요법으로 활용성을 제시해 주었다. 당뇨쌀은 in vitro 포도당의 투과를 지연시키는 효과가 있었으며, 당뇨병 환자에게 당뇨밥의 섭취 전 후의 3주간 혈당을 분석한 결과 당뇨쌀 섭취후의 공복시와 식후 2시간 평균 혈당이 떨어져 당뇨병 환자의 혈당강하에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.399-406
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• 2000

In this study, using the CRS consolidation tests on reconstituted marine clay, the characteristics of C$\sub$v/, k, e and $\varepsilon$, the anisotropic characteristics of specimen according to the rate of strain were estimated. Also, the validity of the Wissa et al.(1971) consolidation theory on CRS(Constant Rate of Strain) consolidation tests were reviewed. From that results, it was shown that the value of C$\sub$v/, k and u$\sub$b/ was increased as the rate of strain was increased. While the difference of the value( C$\sub$v/, k and u$\sub$b/) between vertically reconstituted specimen and horizontally reconstituted specimen became small as the rate of strain was increased. It is known that k is different due to the hydraulic gradient(i) during the CRS consolidation tests. The subject of this study is to distinguish steady state from transient state in CRS consolidation tests. Consequently, the difference of the value(C$\sub$v/ and k) is higher in case of vertically reconstituted specimen than horizontally reconstituted specimen.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.443-447
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• 1993

세 가지 다른 건조공정을 이용하여 만든 건조즉석쌀밥을 복원시킨 후 대조구와 물리적 성질을 비교한 결과 복원율은 9$0^{\circ}C$의 열풍온도에서 건조시킨 process A가 동결건조(process C)에 비하여 전반적으로 높은 복원율을 나타내었으며, process A와 Process C 모두 4분이내에 대조구 (151.47%, dry basis)와 같은 수준의 수분함량으로 복원되었다. 95$^{\circ}C$에서 6분간 복원시킨 즉석 밥의 크기는 건조방법에 관계없이 대조구보다 컸으며, 조직감에서는 고온열풍건조(15$0^{\circ}C$)를 거친 process B방법으로 건조시킨 후 6분간 복원한 즉석밥이 대조구의 경도, 끈기, 끈기 대 경도의 비 값과 유사하게 나타났다. 건조방법에 관계없이 복원시간이 길어짐에 따라서 경도는 줄어들었고 끈기와 끈기 대 경도의 비는 커졌다 표면색깔에서는 6분간 복원시킨 즉석 밥은 대조구에 비하여 높은 L값과 낮은 b값을 나타내었으며, 열풍건조방법과 동결건조방법이 거의 비슷한 L값과 b값을 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2012

During heat treatment and storage of milk, deteriorative reaction takes place, which consequently influence on the milk quality. In this study, formation of lactulose and furosine under different thermal conditions and storage conditions, and the ratio of lactulose and furosine (LU/FU) in presence of reconstituted milk powder were determined to establish chemical indicators for heat damages of milk and the adulteration of fresh milk in dairy field. The lactulose and furosine contents linearly increased with increased heating temperature and heating time. It showed high correlation between the formation of lactulose and furosine, and the treatment temperature and time (p<0.05). The lactulose and furosine concentration of HTST milk and UHT milk noticeably increased during storage at $30^{\circ}C$, but there was no noticeable increase of lactulose and furosine concentration at lower storage temperature. In the raw milk, the lactulose and furosine contents greatly increased with the addition of reconstituted milk. The increase level of furosine was much higher than that of lactulose, which consequently resulted in the lower LU/FU ratio in milk as increase of added reconstituted milk amounts. As comparing with raw milk, there was more than twice reduction in LU/FU ratios after the addition of reconstituted milk (p<0.05). It can be concluded that lactulose and furosine are suitable milk quality indicators of heat damage and for demonstrating improper addition of reconstituted milk powder.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1996

The present study investigated the effect of treatment with nocodazole on the efficiency of cell cycle synchronization and development of mouse 4-cefl embryos. In addition, developmental ability of reconstituted embryos that received nuclei from 4-cell embryos synchronized with nocodazole at M phase was examined in vitro and in vivo. (1) When 4-cell blastorneres exposed to culture medium containing l$\mu$g /ml nocodazole for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs, 40% (40/10l), 75% (l19/159), 85% (87/102) and 97% (155/160) of nuclei were synchronized at M phase, respectively. (2) Treated with nocodazole for 4 hrs, the proportion of 4-cell embryos developed to blastocysts (98%, 60/61) was not significanUy different from that of the control embryos (98%, 196/201). However, the developmental ability of 4-cell embryos treated for 8 (87%, P<0.05)and 12 hrs (76%, P

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1993

The chemical components of tobacco stalk, stems of tobacco caltivations, were analyzed and reconstituted tobacco sheet were made from the stalk and tobacco hyproducts by rolled and paper reconstitute tobacco sheet making process. The results were summarized as follow 1. In the viewpoint of chemical components, nicotine, total nitrogen and ash content of stalk were lower than those of stems, but crude fiber was two times higher than stems. 2. Reconstituted tobacco sheet of tobacco stalk blended were improved fragility and specific gravity than those of control. 3. Smoke components delivery of cigarette made from reconstituted tobacco sheet of tobacco stalk blended were similar to control cigarette. 4. According to the result of ranking preference test for control and sample cigarette, were not recognized significant at 5 percent level. 5. According to the result of areas test for control and sample cigarette, were not recognized significant at 5 percent level. 6. Optimum stalk blend ratio of reconstituted tobacco sheet manufacturing was from about 20 to 40% to the rolled sheet, and was from about 5 to 10% to the paper making process tobacco sheet.