• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.462-469
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• 2018

There are differences in method and cycle of flow rate survey depending on purpose of the operating department. To verify and use results of flow data according to the purpose, flow data of the directly measured and tele monitoring system were compared to verify validity. Flow measurement in the Ministry of Environment is aimed at setting up a standard flow of target water quality for water quality management and securing flow data of low and normal water level seasons for water quality evaluation. In this study, correlation analysis result ($R^2$) of same time zone data by direct measurement and tele monitoring system (TMS) at Seombon D point, a unit watershed of Seomjin river, for six years ('10 ~ '15) according to implementation of Total Daily Maximum Load (TDML) was wading 0.716, boating 0.962 and on bridge 0.943, and effectiveness of measurement method was verified by characteristics of flow duration as a season of dry and low-water; normal and high water are appropriate for wading, boating, and on bridge respectively. Results revealed it is reasonable to use directly measured results using the wading and boating method for low water level and dry seasons, and TMS data for rainy seasons. It can be used important data for future policy decisions.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the gas temperature and velocity during sprinkler activation considering the fire growth scenario based on the thermal response model of the sprinkler. The fire source is assumed to have time square fire growth scenarios with a maximum heat release rate of 3 MW. Eight types of standard and fast-response sprinkler heads with an operating temperature range of 65-105 ℃ and a response time index range of 25-171 m^1/2s^1/2 were adopted. The temperature difference between the gas stream and the sensing element of the sprinkler head decreased as the fire growth slowed down, and the RTI value decreased. The overall gas temperature and velocity conditions predicted using the FDS model at sprinkler activation were in reasonable agreement with those of standard test conditions of the sprinkler head response. However, the sprinkler head could be activated at lower limits of gas temperature and velocity under the current test conditions for a slowly growing fire scenario.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.70
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• pp.39-65
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• 2016

On 2013 the English court delivered a decision that the payment obligation under time charter party is a condition. According to this judgement, The Astra, a breach of the obligation to pay hire on time entitles the owner both to withdraw the ship and sue the charterers for damages for the difference between the contract and market rate for the remainder of the contracted period. On 2015, however, the English court stood at the other side. In Spar Shipping, the court confirmed that the obligation to pay hire is not a condition of the contract but an "innominate term" - from the charterers' breach ship owners can exercise their contractual right to withdraw, but owners' right to sue for damages depends on whether the charterers have deprived the owners of the substantial benefit of the contract, or shown an intention to do so. This article aims to compare both decisions over the points that (1) the importance of on-time payment under a time charter party, (2) as a critical and main question in this article, whether the mattered payment clause is a condition or innominate term, (3) whether the on-time payment clause is merely a penalty or a reasonable liquidated damage. Based on various reasons, I am on a position that the payment of hire is not a condition but an innominate term. Default in punctual payment by a charterer, in the absent of clear contractual agreement, needs to be decided further whether that breach removes the substantial benefit of the contract from the owners.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2000

Many foreign freight forwarders make inroads into domestic markets. Korean freight forwarders are not competitive on th domestic logistics area because of higher customer services by foreign freight forwarders in Korea. The purpose of this research is to analyze degree of satisfaction on customer services attributes of freight forwarders in Korea, and to strengthen the competitiveness of customer services by Korea freight forwarders in contrast to foreign investment freight forwarders in Korea. The results of the research could be summarized as follows.: When freight forwarders are selected, the most important customer service attributes have been ranked in order with 'the accuracy management of shipping order' , the reasonable offers of freight rate' and 'the quick arrangement of vessels' when freight forwarders are selected.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.957-970
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• 2016

This study diagnosed the status of marine environmental impact assessment(MEIA) for project near the habitat of marine protected seagrass species such as Zostera caespitosa, Zostera asiatica, Phyllospadix iwatensis. For the preparation of a marine environmental impact statement, different monitoring parameters are used without any specific guideline for the assessment of current status. And also, both tools and techniques for MEIA are needed to improve for implementing. The monitoring plans and parameters are not considered well with the accuracy of the environmental predictions and effectiveness of any applicable mitigation measures. This study suggested the reasonable standard of the MEIA for the conservation of the marine protected seagrass species which have the habitat located near affected area. The inshore seagrasses need to be monitored including shoot count based on the "No Net Loss of Seagrass" as part of the monitoring parameters to assess the status of marine environment of environmental impact statement. In a process of effect prediction, we suggested a concentration of 10 mg/L suspended solids which added by the new developmental project near seagrasses habitat, referring to study of overseas case. But a further study for an appropriate standard is necessary effectively. In a mitigating process, priority needs to be considered in order of avoidance, minimization, reduction, compensation. In a post-monitoring process, it is necessary to monitor the seagrass species abundance to identify the variation of b/a (before and after) project. And in a case of implementing transplantation, survival rate need to be included to determine a success of project.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 1996

In this paper, the wave drift damping is studied. An approximate method is adopted to calculate the wave drift damping for the sake of practical applications. By assuming the ship's forward speed to be low, the Green function and the velocity potential are expanded asymptotically with respect to the Brard number(${\tau}$) and terms up to the first order of ${\tau}$ are retained. Mean wave drift forces are computed straightforwardly. The wave drift damping is estimated as the change rate of the mean wave drift force with respect to the ship's speed. In order to validate the present method, Series 60(Cb=0.7) ship is exemplified for forward speed of Fn=0, 0.02 and 0.04. To predict the wave drift damping experimentally, three geosym models of the Esso-Osaka tanker are used. Also the effect of drift angle on the wave drift damping is also considered. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results show reasonable agreements.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

Intellectual property rights play a key role in employment creation and income generation plays an important role, especially in the creative economy. Many companies are ultimately increasing efforts to boost the company's financial performance, such as maximizing profits by building a strong brand assets amid committed to brand management in this paradigm. Reasonable evaluation and commercialization of technology transactions, financial assistance, investment decisions, trademark brand value for the reactivation (revitalizing) for the purposes of M & A, litigation, brand strategy will be said to be very important. In spite of the importance, the awareness of the property and the capabilities to assess are hardly sufficient. Thus, this study, targeting companies with valid trademarks for value assessment, conducted case analysis by cost method and income approach; the analysis presented the result from 2.05 million by the cost method to 2.7 million by the income approach applied to a variable discount rate and adjustment contribution. However, now that the implication was drawn from a single company, further studies covering case study and application plan according to scale and type of diverse company groups should be continued.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

Improving TCP performance has long been the focus of many research efforts in 802.11 wireless networks study. Hop count and Round Trip Time (RTT) are the critical sources which serious affect the TCP performance on end to end connection. In this paper, we analytical derived the affection and based on the analysis we propose TCP should Change its Expected Value (TCP-CEV) when hop count and RTT change by setting a reasonable CWND change rate to improve the performance. The proposed scheme is applicable to a wide range of transport protocols using the basic TCP mechanism, and the protocol behavior is analytically tractable. We show that our simple strategy improves TCP performance at least over 12% in a chain topology, 4.9% in a grid topology and improve the TCP convergence.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.207-216
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• 2015

Recent statistics revealed that with the crisis of humanities, the unemployment rate of the students majoring in this field of study is very high. Considering the seriousness of current situations, the government announced 'Plan to Help Students Majoring in Humanities Find Job.' This study confirmed that the government's policy for those from the department of humanities is valid and reasonable. However, the convergence of humanistic imagination and engineering thoughts could generate some side effects. Therefore, this study suggested a direction for humanistic convergence education to help these students get the career they want. In this study was investigated methodology which can maximize the efficiency of digital storytelling through microscopic convergence instead of macroscopic convergence. In addition, this study proposed that an inter-disciplinary convergence system-based project would be the best solution to nurture convergence-oriented talents in humanities.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.43-53
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• 2015

In this study, detection methods of outlier in various monitoring data that fit into big data category were developed and outlier detections were conducted for both artificial data and real field monitoring data. Rule-based methods applied rate of change and probability of error for monitoring data are effective to detect a large-scale short faults and constant faults having no change within a certain period. There are however, problems with misjudgement that consider the normal data with a large scale variation as outlier caused by using independent single dataset. Rule-based methods for noise faults detection have a limit to application of real monitoring data due to the problem with a choice of proper window size of data and finding of threshold for outlier judgment. A correlation analysis among different two datasets were very effective to detect localized outlier and abnormal variation for short and long-term monitoring dataset if reasonable range of training data could be selected.