• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.507-517
• /
• 2020

Along with the development of computer graphics, real-time rendering, motion capture, and artificial intelligence technology, virtual being that enables two-way communication has emerged in the content industry. Although the commercialization of technologies and platforms is creating a two-way communication virtual being, there is a lack of analysis of what characteristics this virtual being has and how it can be used in each field. Therefore, through technical background survey and case study for the production of virtual being, the two-way communication virtual being is analyzed on the characteristics necessary for emotional exchange. The characteristics needed for emotional exchange were divided into interaction, individuality, and autonomy, and this characteristic is classified as the focus and how two-way communication virtual being will be used in the content field. This study is expected to provide significant implications for the research of content production and utilization using virtual being as a basic study of virtual being, which analyzes the technical background and characteristics for two-way communication required for virtual being production.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 1997

An HDTV frame has 4~6 times more pixels than a DTV frame. In order to encode the HDTV image in real time, parallel processing architectures have been widely used in many HDTV codec developments. That is, an HDTV Image is divided into several subbands and each subband is encoded in parallel using some DTV level encoders. In this paper, we adopt an HDTV codec architecture which divides an HDTV frame into 4 subbands and propose a new scene change detection algorithm using local variance. In addition, a new adaptive multichannel rate control scheme which allocate target bits adaptively to each subband of the HDTV image based on the activities of subband images is suggested in this paper. The activities of subband images are calculated at scene change detection part and reused at the adaptive rate control part. The simulation results show that the proposed scene change detection algorithm detects the scene change of HDTV video very accurately. Also the suggested adaptive multichannel rate control scheme shows better performance than the rate control method which allocates target bits equally to each subbands of the HDTV image.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.24-35
• /
• 1997

Basic and transmission video quality testing was performed in real-time mode using hardware video codec based on MPEG-2 MP@ML standard including subsequent transmitting and receiving satellite simulator unit. The double-stimulus Impairment scale method and the double-stimulus continous quality scale method based on CCIR 500-5 were used as an evaluation method. The whole digital broadcasting satellite system consisting of MPEG-2 codec, system mux/demux, channel codec, channel, modem, antenna, etc. was put into the overall video quality testbed and the basic and transmission error quality assessment was performed at various bitrates and BER for an integrated system performance evaluation. In transmission error video quality testing, transmission error video quality maintained on average above 3.9 point on the 5-point scale. The low-bit rate quality such as film mode(@2Mbps) highly depended on the statitical characteristics of video source and maintained on average around 2.7 point.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.540-546
• /
• 2010

Since the stereoscopic 3-dimensional (3D) video that provides users with a realistic multimedia service requires twice as much data as 2-dimensional (2D) video, it is difficult to construct the fast system. In this paper, we propose a fast stereoscopic 3D broadcasting system based on the depth information. Before the transmission, we encode the input 2D+depth video using x264, an open source H.264/AVC fast encoder to reduce the size of the data. At the receiver, we decode the transmitted bitstream in real time using a compute unified device architecture (CUDA) video decoder API on NVIDIA graphics processing unit (GPU). Then, we apply a fast view synthesis method that generates the virtual view using GPU. The proposed system can display the output video in both 2DTV and 3DTV. From the experiment, we verified that the proposed system can service the stereoscopic 3D contents in 24 frames per second at most.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.632-640
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes a new method for fast graphic visualization of accurate frequency response of audio equalizer (EQ). When a logarithmic frequency scale is used, a frequency response in high resolution is required for accurate low-band frequency response. However, the high-resolution frequency response requires a huge amount of computational load, which makes the real-time graphic visualization of frequency response impossible. In order to solve the problem of computational load, the proposed method utilizes a low-resolution virtual frequency response in the mid band. It first computes the virtual frequency response of each filter of EQ in the mid band, and then moves it to the target band so that the result corresponds to the desired filter response. Then, it determines the final frequency response of EQ by combining all filter responses. The experiments confirm that the proposed method provides the frequency response of EQ which has an equivalent shape to that computed in high frequency resolution with huge computational load.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2014

This paper proposed controlling methods for SDN(Software Defined Network) based multiple radio access technology as the solutions of following two issues which were mainly occurred by explosive increasing of video traffic. The first one is a requirement for traffic off-loading caused by 3rd-party video service providers from the mobile network operator's viewpoint. The other one is a provision of high-speed video contents transmission services with low price. Furthermore, the performance evaluation was also conducted on the real test-bed which is composed of OpenStack cloud and SDN technology such as OpenFlow and Open vSwitch. A virtual machine running on the OpenStack provide a video service and the terminal which is able to use multiple radio access technology supports two 2.4GHz WLANs(Wireless Local Area Network) and three 5GHz WLANs, concurrently. Finally, we can get 820Mbps of the maximum transmission speed by using that five WLAN links for the single service at the same time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2016.11a
• /
• pp.107-109
• /
• 2016

본 논문에서는 4K UHD 입력 영상을 실시간으로 부호화하기 위해 적용되는 GOP 단위 또는 IDR 주기 단위의 병렬 부호화 구조를 지원하도록 R-${\lambda}$ 모델 기반의 율 제어 방법을 개선하는 비트 분배(bit allocation) 방법을 제안한다. GOP 단위 또는 IDR 주기 단위의 병렬 부호화기 내에서 율 제어기를 작동시키는 경우, 계층적 B 구조에서 같은 계층에 있는 프레임 간에는 상호간에 얼마만큼의 비트를 소모 하였는지에 대한 정보를 공유 할 수 없기 때문에 기존의 비트 분배 방식으로는 비트 예산(bit budget) 관리가 불가능하다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는, 기존의 R-${\lambda}$ 모델 기반 율 제어 방법을 개선하여 부호화 순서에 의한 시간 순서 방향의 비트 예산 갱신 기반 비트 분배하던 방식으로부터, GOP 마다 비트를 할당한 후 계층적 B 구조에서의 계층이 깊어지는 방향으로 비트 예산을 갱신하여 비트를 분배하는 방식으로 율 배분 방식을 개선하였다. 실험 결과를 통해 R-${\lambda}$ 모델 기반 율 제어의 기존 비트 분배 방식보다 제안 방법에 의한 목표 비트 율 달성 오차가 감소함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.260-269
• /
• 2001

This paper proposes an efficient algorithm extracting anchor ranges that exist in news video for the unit structuring of news. To this purpose, this paper uses anchors face in the frame rather than the cuts where the scene changes are occurred. In anchor range, we find the end position (frame) of anchor range with the FRFD(Face Region Frame Difference). On the other hand, in not-anchor range, we find the start position of anchor range by extracting anchors face. The process of extracting anchors face is consists of two parts to enhance the computation time for WPEG decoding. The first pact is to find candidates of anchors face through rough analysis with partial decoding MPEG and the second part is to verify candidates of anchors face with fully decoding. It is possible to use the result of this process in basic step of news analysis. Especially, the fast processing and the high recall rate of this process are suitable to apply for the real news service.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.392-400
• /
• 2005

Highly integrated MPEG-4@SP video compression engine, VideoCore, is proposed for mobile application. The primary components of video compression require the high memory bandwidth since they access the external memory frequently. They include motion estimation, motion compensation, quantization, discrete cosine transform, variable length coding, and so on. The motion estimation processor adopted in VideoCore utilizes the small-size local memories such that the video compression system accesses external memory as less frequently as possible. The entire video compression system is divided into two distinct sub-systems: the integer-unit motion estimation part and the others, and both operate concurrently in a pipelined architecture. Thus the VideoCore enables the real-time high-quality video compression with a relatively low operation frequency.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.365-380
• /
• 2003

Since MPEG-21 IPMP has been working on International Standardization activity such as one of DRM systems from 1997, the standardization is recently re-started even though the activity was interrupted. According to the MPEG Brisbane meeting, the CfR of MPEG-21 IPMP will be determined on the next Hawaii meeting, therefore they will announce the CfP. However the CfP announced in MPEG Hawaii meeting but the CfR didn't announce because of unfinished requirement document job. Finally. the proposed techniques will be submitted till June 2004. In this paper, we explained the requirement of standardization based on a broadcasting circumstance and implemented the system of MPEG-21 including the architecture and IPMP systems, then we showed all functionality within the other MPEG-21 elements engines. In case of multimedia stream broadcasting system, it is a real-time processing system, the implemented MEPG-21 Architecture can be shown the use of Digital Item In the MPEG-21 terminal and additional MPEG-21 element engines.