• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.9D no.1
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2002

We propose a new concurrency control algorithm for enhancing the degree of parallelism of the transactions in fully replicated databases designed to improve the availability and the reliability. The update transactions can be logically decomposed of a read-only transaction and a write-only transaction. In our algorithm, a set of read operations of an update transaction is treated as a read-only transaction and the read-only transaction reads data items in the site to which it is submitted. And a set of write operations of the update transaction is treated as a write-only transaction and it is submitted to all corresponding sites after the update transaction has been completed. By using the proposed update protocol, all write-only transactions can execute at all sites atomically. The proposed algorithm can have transactions execute concurrently at the site to which they are submitted and, after the completion of each transaction, the update protocol is performed for updating their data items and checking their serializability. Therefore, the degree of parallelism of the transactions can be improved. Especially, if the probability of conflict among transactions is low, we can expect the higher degree of their parallelism.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.497-505
• /
• 2006

This questionnaire study was conducted to investigate the levels of recognition and attitude for Korean traditional food among Japanese tourists. The aim was to provide basic data for making a detailed marketing direction alignment of globalization and commercialization of Korean traditional food. The results can be summarized as follows. The 'Korean wave(Hanliu)' was 'the number of known Korean star performers'(3.77 points), 'the number of watched Korean dramas'(3.67 points), 'the number of watched Korean movies'(3.44 points), 'the number of owned Korean singer's tapes or CDs'(3.04 points), 'the number of read books'(2.83 points), and 'the number of viewed cartoons'(2.49 points), in order. The high-intake frequency of Korean traditional foods was 'Bibimbap', 'Galbigui', 'Baechookimchi', 'Bulgogi', 'Kkakdugi', 'Tteokbokki', 'Japchae', 'Galbitang', 'fajeon', and 'Namullyu' in order. On the other hand, the intake frequency of 'Songpyeon', 'Inielmi', 'Sikhye' and 'Sujeonggwa' was very low. The most effective 'Hanliu' item for raising the recognition of Korean traditional food was 'the number of read books'. The most effective 'Hanliu' item for raising the experience of Korean cooking was 'the number of read books', followed by 'the number of watched Korean movies', 'the number of watched Korean dramas', and 'the number of viewed cartoons' in order. The most effective 'Hanliu' item for raising the intake frequency of Korean traditional food was' the number of watched Korean dramas', followed by 'the number of watched Korean movies' and 'the number of read books' in order.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2011

It is progressing as new advents and remarkable developments of mobile device every year. On the upper line reason, NAND FLASH large density memory demands which can be stored into portable devices have been dramatically increasing. Therefore, the cell size of the NAND Flash memory has been scaled down by merely 50% and has been doubling density each per year. [1] However, side effects have arisen the cell distribution and reliability characteristics related to coupling interference, channel disturbance, floating gate electron retention, write-erase cycling owing to shrinking around 20nm technology. Also, FLASH controller to manage shrink effect leads to speed and current issues. In this paper, It will be introduced to solve cycling, retention and fail bit problems of sub-deep micron shrink such as Virtual negative read used in moving read, randomization. The characteristics of retention, cycling and program performance have 3 K per 1 year and 12.7 MB/s respectively. And device size is 179.32 $mm^2$ (16.79 mm ${\times}$ 10.68 mm) in 3 metal 26 nm CMOS.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2018

Microbial communities of four commercial Korean nuruks were analyzed by the 454 pyrosequencing method to correlate different characteristics of rice wine fermentation. The total and average sequencing reads of fungi in the four nuruks were 14,800 and 3,494, respectively. At the phylum level, Ascomycota was dominant in three nuruks, namely, SH, SS, and JJ, while Zygomycota was dominant in SJ. Saccharomycopsis was dominant in nuruks subjected to longer fermentation periods, such as SH and SS. The total and average sequence reads for bacteria were 31,485 and 7,871, respectively. Bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes were dominant in all samples. SH showed several genera of lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and other minor bacteria. Staphylococcus and Bacillus were the dominant bacteria in JJ and SJ, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
• /
• no.16
• /
• pp.5-27
• /
• 2008

It is not a simple topic how let the modern readers read the past literature in the these days of digital. But even though the changes of the times, we must not let 'the paper-books(the thing written with letters)' disappear because of 'the audio-visual texts(the thing made with digital media as drama-opera, animated cartoon, animated image)'. The Electronic medias should be used so as helping for us to understand contents of the paper-books. Because of them, the paper-books must not be expelled. It is no need certainly for the reading materials to be made with Paper-books. For example, the electronic-books in order to read also would not become problems. Moreover, the electronic-books to be made with various electronic media can also provide the audio-visual materials for readers well to understand contents of the books. For that reason, the electronic-books would be helped to read effectively. Besides after reading the original texts, the readers to try the 'rewriting', with using the meanings for oneself to get from the texts would be able to make a synopsis or story-telling for other art performances. These works are things positively to be stimulated, because of giving the achievement motivations to the readers. To conclude, the audio-texts reading and the visual-texts reading should be developed so that the paper-books to be revitalize. And though the modern readers dislike to read the paper-books, We should try to make the audio-visual texts base on the paper-books. Therefore the paper-books and audio-visual texts are inter-complementary relationships, not competitive relationships.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.910-921
• /
• 2023

In this study, we designed a 6T-SRAM cell using 16-nm CMOS process and analyzed the performance in terms of read-speed latency. The temperaturedependent Cu and multilayered graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR)-based nanointerconnect materials is used throughout the circuit (primarily bit/bit-bars [red lines] and word lines [write lines]). Here, the read speed analysis is performed with four different chip operating temperatures (150K, 250K, 350K, and 450K) using both Cu and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) nano-interconnects with different interconnect lengths (from 10 ㎛ to 100 ㎛), for reading-0 and reading-1 operations. To execute the reading operation, the CMOS technology, that is, the16-nm PTM-HPC model, and the16-nm interconnect technology, that is, ITRS-13, are used in this application. The complete design is simulated using TSPICE simulation tools (by Mentor Graphics). The read speed latency increases rapidly as interconnect length increases for both Cu and GNR interconnects. However, the Cu interconnect has three to six times more latency than the GNR. In addition, we observe that the reading speed latency for the GNR interconnect is ~10.29 ns for wide temperature variations (150K to 450K), whereas the reading speed latency for the Cu interconnect varies between ~32 ns and 65 ns for the same temperature ranges. The above analysis is useful for the design of next generation, high-speed memories using different nano-interconnect materials.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.43
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2002

This study aims to model Korean prosodic phrasing using CART(classification and regression tree) method. Our data are limited to Korean read speech. We used 400 sentences made up of editorials, essays, novels and news scripts. Professional radio actress read 400sentences for about two hours. We used K-ToBI transcription system. For technical reason, original break indices 1,2 are merged into AP. Differ from original K-ToBI, we have three break index Zero, AP and IP. Linguistic information selected for this study is as follows: the number of syllables in ‘Eojeol’, the location of ‘Eojeol’ in sentence and part-of-speech(POS) of adjacent ‘Eojeol’s. We trained CART tree using above information as variables. Average accuracy of predicting NonIP(Zero and AP) and IP was 90.4% in training data and 88.5% in test data. Average prediction accuracy of Zero and AP was 79.7% in training data and 78.7% in test data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
• /
• v.31B no.11
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 1994

Turnaround time of a job performing frequent disk I/O operations is greatly affected by I/O bottleneck which incurs due to the large gap in the speeds of I/O devices and the CPU. This paper proposes to employ a Write Dedicated Buffer(WDB) in disk arrays to improve the response time for read requests and analyzes the scheduling policies and the efficiency of the WDB. Through a series of simulations we show that, among the three policies examined, the partial stripe join(PSJ) policy is the most effective in terms of response time for both read and write requests and that, especially when using a WDB on declustered arrays, improvement of response time for read requests becomes greater as the request rate increases.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 1996.02a
• /
• pp.157-172
• /
• 1996

This study aims to suggest some theoretical methodology for analysis of the prosodic patterns in Korean Read Speech. The engineering effort relevant to the phonetic study has focused to the importance of prosodic phrasing which may play a major role in analyzing the phonetic DB. Before establishing the prosodic phrase as the prosodic unit, we should describe the features of the boundary signal in a target sentence. With this in mind, the general characteristics of Read Speech and the ToBI(tones and Break Indices), which has been currently in vogue with respect to the prosodic labelling system were presented as the first step. The concrete analysis was carried out with the fable 'North Wind and the Sun' Korean version, where about 25 prosodic units were discriminated by perceptual approach for 5 subjects. Establishing various informations which can be used for deciding a boundary position systematically, we can proceed to the next, viz. acoustic analysis of prosodic unit. The most important which we primarily study for improving the naturalness of synthetic speech may be, at first, detecting the boundary signals in the speech file and accordingly reestablishment it within the raw text.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.165-180
• /
• 2011

Mathematical symbols concisely represent mathematical contents related to terms by describing their mathematical meanings implicitly. All symbols in elementary school mathematics textbooks are stated as to be read so that elementary school students could understand their mathematical meanings. The same is somewhat true as in middle school mathematics textbooks, however it is often the case that some symbols are difficult to be read and understood because their statements are unclear or different. In this study, we analyze problems and suggest implications on teaching and learning mathematics based on the statements and understanding of reading symbols in middle school mathematics textbooks.