• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1991

A systematic study was conducted to identify and isolate a serologically pertinent antigen with high specific activity and low cross reactivity from Cysticercus parenchymal antigen. Differential centrifugation of the homogenate yield three particulate and one soluble fractions ; the $480{\times}G$ pellets($CyL_2$), the $7650{\times}G$ pellet($CyL_3$), the $100000{\times}G$ pellet($CyL_4$), and $100000{\times}G$ supernatant($CyL_6$). We compared antigenicity of these antigens to that or cystic fluid antigens($CyF_1$), saline extract of cystic wall($CyL_1$), and n-butanol treated $GyL_4$ antigen ($CyL_6$) based on SDS-PAGE and immunoblot techniques. The data obtained were as follows : 1) The ratio of O.D. value of ELISA against cysticercosis positive pool sera to that of negative pool sera was highest when using $CyF_1$ as antigen. However the ratio was relatively low in case of $CyL_{3.4}$ and $CyL_5$. 2) We have noted in previous paper that most strong antigenic activities are present in 63Kd band with low cross reactivities. An effective serologic reagent must contain components that are recognized by most infected sera. 63Kd band met this criteria and could be considered as a reliable band for the diagnosis of cysticercosis. As far as 63Kd band concern, $CyL_5$ showed most strong activities without disturbance of cross reaction by EITB in spite of low applicability to microplate ELISA. 3) $CyL_5$ could detect the serum antibody of cysticercosis even in very low titers, around cut-off values of microplate ELISA, by immunoblot. It also could detect the cross reactivities of Echinococcus species, which showed high absorbance value in micro plate ELISA and some sparganosis cases. Further purification of this antigen will be able to represents a antigen that can be used in the diagnosis of cysticercosis.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to develop a reliable mice model demonstrating similar immunologic phenomena as human atopic dermatitis characterized with predominance of type-2 immune response. BALB/C mice and NC/Nga mice were sensitized twice with $100{\mu}l$ of 1% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or vehicle (acetone : olive oil=4:1 mixture) in a week and challenged twice with $100{\mu}l$ of 0.2% DNCB or the vehicle at the following week. Mice were sacrificed at 19 days following the second DNCB or vehicle challenge for NC/Nga mice and at 28 days following the second DNCB or vehicle challenge for BALB/c mice. Upregulation of plasma 1gE, a hallmark of atopic dermatitis occurrence, was evident in the plasma obtained 4 day after the second DNCB challenge from BALB/c mice (approximately 4-fold) and NC/Nga mice (approximately 6-fold) treated with DNCB in comparison with that of the vehicle treated-control mice, and remain higher $3{\sim}4$ week after the second challenge. Ratio of plasma IgG1 versus IgG2a concentration was significantly higher in the mice treated with DNCB than the control mice, which also implies the skewed type-2 reactivity in vivo. Ratio of interleukin-4 versus interferon gamma produced in the splenic T cell culture supernatants was approximately 3-fold higher in the both strains of mice treated with DNCB than their control mice, respectively. The DNCB-treated mice demonstrated atopic dermatitis-like skin legions characterized with erythma, scaling, and hemorrhage, which was not observed with the control mice. Scratching on face or dorsal area was significantly more frequent (approximately 25-fold) in the DNCB-treated mice than the control at next day of the second DNCB challenge, and scratching frequency remains higher (approximately 4-fold) in the mice treated with DNCB than the control at 14 day following the second DNCB challenge. Overall, the mice model developed through sensitization and challenge with DNCB may be useful for research on atopic dermatitis and development of treatment materials for atopic dermatitis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.380-391
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• 1992

This study was designed to evaluate a direct method of $^{99m}Tc$ labeling using $\beta-mercaptoethanol$ as a reducing agent, and to investigate whether $^{99m}Tc$ labeled specific monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA-92) can be used for the scintigraphic localization of human colon cancer xenograft. Purified CEA-92 IgG was fragmented into F $(ab')_2$ and then labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ by transchelation method using glucarate as a chelator. Labeling efficiency, immunological reactivity and in vitro stability of $^{99m}Tc$ CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ were measured and then injected intravenously into nude mice bearing human colon cancer (SNU-C4). Scintigrams were obtained at 24 hour after injection. Then nude mice were sacrificed and the radioactivity was measured Labeling efficiency of injected $^{99m}Tc$ CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$, immunoreative fraction and in vitro stability at 24 hour of injected $^{99m}Tc$ CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ was 45.2%, 32.8% and 57.4%, respectively. At 24 hour after injection, % ID/g in kidney (46.77) showed high uptake, but %ID/g in tumor (1.65) was significantly higher than spleen (0.69), muscle (0.16), intestine (0.45), stomach (0.75), heart (0.48) and blood (0.45). There was no significant difference between tumor and liver (1.81). Tumor contrast as quantitated by tumor to blood ratio of $^{99m}Tc$ CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ was increased significantly (p<0.005) until 24 hours (3.70), and there was no statistical differece from tumor to blood ratio of I-131 CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$. The scintigram demonstrated localization of radioactivity over transplanted tumor, but significant background radioactivity was also noted over kidney and abdomen. It is concluded that CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ can be labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ by a direct transchelation method using $\beta-mercaptoethanol$ as a reducing agent and $^{99m}Tc$ labeled CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ can be used for the scintigraphic localization of human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice model.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate and develop an eco-friendly wood adhesive based on vegetable oil (especially soybean oil), the renewable and sustainable natural resources, using ozonification technology for the chemical structure modification. The soybean oil (SBO) was reacted with $O_3$ at the rate of 7.13 g/h for different times, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes. The investigation of the modified chemical structure of the ozonized SBOs were conducted using FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, and GC/MS. As ozonification time increased, the peak of the unsaturated double bonds was disappeared and aldehyde or carboxyl peak appeared because ozonification broke the oil into small molecules. The plywoods were made at $110^{\circ}C$ with 30 seconds/mm hot-press time using the different ozonized SBO/pMDI adhesives and were tested for the dry, wet, cyclic boil test according to the Korea Industrial Standard F3101 Ordinary plywood. The bond strengths gradually increased with increasing ozonification time. The weight ratio 1:1 (ozonized SBO/pMDI), all strengths in 15, 30 and 60 minuets, exceeded constantly the dry, wet, cyclic boiling standard requirement. The range of ozonification time and weight ratio can fulfil1 the requirment of the wet test standard were 30~60 minutes and more than 0.5 pMDI. From the comprehensive view on the results of above experiments, it could be confirmed through experiments that ozonized SBO/pMDI has characteristics of effective reactivity and wet stability showed as an excellent candidate of wood adhesive applications.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.588-596
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• 1996

The optimum conditions of the 1st and 2nd distillation had been investigated to obtaine a high quality monomeric MDI and fire reactive polymeric MDI by purification of crude MDI. Effect of additives on the monomeric MDI's color change, dimerization and the reactivity of polymeric MDI with standard polyol system has been tested. When the monomeric MDI yield is approximately 32%, 4,4'-MDI content is above 98% in the monomeric MDI at the 1st distillation. When the separation ratio of initial portion and residue percentage, reflux ratio are set at respectively, approximately 20wt%, 9wt%, above 2 in order to minimize the content of 2,4'-MDI in monomeric MDI, the freezing point of final distilled monomeric MDI is above $38.4^{\circ}C$. Since the monomeric MDI is inherently unstable in the room condition, monomeric MDI easily changes it's color and conducts self-polymerization reaction. To increase the stability of monomeric MDI, the composition of antioxidant, which is composed of phenolic 1st antioxidant, phosphorus 2nd antioxidant, UV absorbent and Hindered amine light stabilizer are used, and benzoyl chloride as antipolymerization agent test are that APHA color is less than 20, dimer content is remained less than 0.36wt% after 45 days storage of monomeric MDI.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.74-91
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• 2015

Background and Objective : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease at the mucosa and is associated with excess production of Th2 cytokine and eosinophil accumulation in lung.Gamchomahwang-tangextract(GME) is one of the well known prescription used in oriental medicine for treating asthma. This study was designed to compare the anti-asthmatic effect of GME according to the ratio of 2 compounds.Methods : To examine the effects of GME on asthma, mice were sensitized with 100 ㎍ of OVA and 1 ㎎ of aluminum potassium sulfate(Alum; Sigma) intraperitoneally on day 1 and 15. From day 22, mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA. The anti-asthmatic effects of GME were evaluated by enhanced pause(Penh), bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), inflammatory cytokine production and genes expression, serum IgE production. and histological change in lung tissue. GMEⅠ consists of ES and GU in the proportion 2:1(300 ㎎/㎏ group), GMEⅡ consist of ES and GU in the proprtion 4:1(300 ㎎/㎏ group).Results : GMEⅠ,Ⅱ generally inhibited lung inflammation, inflammatory cells infiltration and cytokine production and gene expression such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and serum IgE level. GMEⅡ significantly reduced the cytokine production and gene expression such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and GMEⅠ decreased cytokine production of IL-4, IL-13 in BALF and gene expression of IL-4, IL-5 in Lung. GMEⅡ potently inhibited the development of Penh and also reduced the number of eosinophil during OVA-induced AHR(airway hyper-reactivity). Overall the results show that GMEⅡ has more effect on inhibiting production, gene expression of cytokine, serum IgE level and development of Penh than GMEⅠ. Consequently, GMEⅡ might be more effective than GMEⅠ at inhibiting allergic asthma on the OVA-induced mice model.Conclusion : These results indicate that GME has a deep inhibitory effects on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice model of asthma and that suppression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 expression and decrease of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 production in BALF might contribute this effect. Hence, the results indicate that GME might be useful herbal medicine of allergic asthma. As a result, GMEⅡ mght be superior to GMEⅠ in the aspect of anti-asthmatic effect on the OVA-induced mice model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

Thermal analysis properties and adhesive properties of self-healing agents were evaluated through differential scanning calorimetry, reaction heat measurement, and adhesive shear test. D1E0, D3E1, D1E1, D1E3, and D0E1, depending on the mixing ratio of DCPD and ENB, were considered as self-healing agents. The amount of Grubbs' catalyst, depending on the type of self-healing agents, was varied from 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt%. In the case of DCPD, the polymerization reaction occurred faster and the stabilized adhesive strength increased as the amount of catalyst increased; however, a large amount of catalyst was required. ENB had excellent reactivity with a small amount of the catalyst; however, high reaction heat was observed at the early stage of polymerization. Thermal analysis properties and adhesive properties of self-healing agents can be controlled by varying a mixing ratio of DCPD and ENB. Among the self-healing agents used for this study, the D3E1 would be one of the most preferable candidates with regard to maximum adhesive strength, reaching time to maximum adhesive strength, stabilized adhesive strength, and reaction heat.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.620-627
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• 2019

In this study, ignition delay characteristics of various bio aviation fuels (Bio-ADD, Bio-6308, Bio-7720) produced by HEFA process using different raw materials were compared and analyzed. In order to confirm the feasibility of applying bio aviation fuel to actual system, ignition delay characteristics of petroleum-based aviation fuel (Jet A-1) and blended aviation fuel (50:50, v:v) also analyzed. Ignition delay time of each aviation fuel was measured by using CRU, surface tension measurement and GC/MS and GC/FID analysis were performed to interpret the results. As a result, ignition delay time of Jet A-1 was the longest at all temperature because it contains aromatic compounds about 22.8%. The aromatic compounds can produce benzyl radical which is thermally stable and has low reactivity with oxygen during decomposition process. In the case of bio aviation fuels, ignition delay times were measured similarly because the ratio of n-paraffin/iso-paraffin constituting each aviation fuel is similar (about 0.12) and the composition ratio of cycloparaffin also has no difference. In addition, ignition delay times of blended aviation fuels (50:50, v:v) were measured close to the mean value those of each fuel so it was confirmed that it can be applied without any changing or improving of existing system.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

To confirm the applicability of the water gas shift reaction for the production of high purity hydrogen for petroleum cokes, an unutilized low grade resource, Cu/ZnO/MgO/Al₂O₃ (CZMA), catalyst was prepared using the co-precipitation method. The prepared catalyst was analyzed using BET and H₂-TPR. Catalyst reactivity tests were compared and analyzed in two cases: a single LTS reaction from syngas containing a high concentration of CO, and an LTS reaction immediately after the syngas passed through a HTS reaction without condensation of steam. Reaction characteristics in accordance with steam/CO ratio, flow rate, and temperature were confirmed under both conditions. When the converted low concentration of CO and steam were immediately injected into the LTS, the CO conversion was rather low in most conditions despite the presence of large amounts of steam. In addition, because the influence of the steam/CO ratio, temperature, and flow rate was significant, additional analysis was required to determine the optimal operating conditions. Meanwhile, carbon deposition or activity degradation of the catalyst did not appear under high CO concentration, and high CO conversion was exhibited in most cases. In conclusion, it was confirmed that when the Cu/ZnO/MgO/Al₂O₃ catalyst and the appropriate operating conditions were applied to the syngas composition containing a high concentration of CO, the high concentration of CO could be converted in sufficient amounts into CO₂ by applying a single LTS reaction.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2022

The lignite and bituminous coal are mainly used in thermal power plant. They exhaust green house gas (GHG) such as CO₂, and become deplete, thus require alternative energy resources. To solve the problem, the hydrochar production from biomass is suggested. In this study, both hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and solvothermal carbonization (STC) were used to produce high quality hydrochar. To improve the reactivity of water solvent process in HTC, STC process was conducted using ethanol solution. The experiments were carried out by varying the solid-liquid ratio (1:4, 1:8, 1:12), reaction temperature (150~300 ℃) and retention time (15~120 min) using kenaf. The characteristic of hydrochar was analyzed by EA, FT-IR, TGA and SEM. The carbon content of hydrochar increased up to 48.11%, while the volatile matter decreased up to 39.34%. Additionally, the fuel characteristic of hydrochar was enhanced by reaction temperature. The results showed that the kenaf converted to a fuel by HTC and STC process, which can be used as an alternative energy source of coal.