• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

Objectives: The salivary gland tumor shows heterogeneity in histologic patterns and biological behavior. The aim of this study is to elucidate the relationships between apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related factors(bcl-2, bax, M30), p53 and MIB-1 in the salivary gland tumors. Methods: Immunohistochemical stains for apoptosis-related factors, p53 and MIB-1 and TUNEL study for apoptosis were performed in 46 cases of salivary gland tumors 02 benign and 34 malignant). Results: Twenty(43.5%) of 46 cases showed positive reaction for apoptosis, and the expression rates of bcl-2, bax, M30, p53 and MIB-1 were 85.3%, 68.8%, 65.9%, 39.1% and 26.1%, respectively. A significant difference between benign and malignant tumors was only noted in MIB-1 expression(p=0.0167). In malignant tumors, apoptosis showed no significant relationships to expressions of apoptosis-related factors. There were inverse relationships between p53 and bcl-2 expression(p=0.0375), and between M30 and MIB-1 expressions(p=0.0379). No significant differences of apoptosis, bcl-2, bax, M30, p53 and MIB-1 expression rates according to the tumor size, lymph node status, recurrence and survival were found. Conclusion: In the development of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, apoptosis might be associated, however, apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related factors seemed to be not reliable prognostic factors in malignant salivary gland tumors.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.185-210
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• 2005

Closely connecting Well-Being culture with our traditional eating culture. we can predict next generation Kimchi refrigerator trend with this research. In the highly developing industrial society, design has been playing the central role in the managerial strategy of a company and has been one of the central agendas in determining the economical competence of a country, and has also been regarded as a means to acquire sustainable superior competence. Thus, these trends suggest that the aesthetic value of product has become more important than its technological function. In this study we reviewed theoretically esthetic factors influencing the preference and the evaluation of a product and made a list of eight esthetic factors based on various referential studies which include simplicity, balance, unity, rhythm, style, novelty, typicality, and proportion. Also on the point of view of design, it is necessary to find out definitely the consumer preference frame the relationship among design preference design image design attribute. Will give you guidelines on which designers can select and design some more objective and reliable design factors, finding out the relation of cause and effect by which they can know what kind of product designs their consumers like and how the popular image which that product offer is composed of. We investigated the esthetic factors affecting consumers preferences and the basis for evaluating a product. Aimed at providing materials for developing product design by presenting an ,esthetic guideline product design by presenting an esthetic guideline and to put these materials to practical use. Investigated other considered elements classified by manufactures and importance of esthetic factors and its influence on consumer tastes . All of these result, It could not conclude all of the adjective design image and design factors of every consumer, but through consumer reaction framework consumer are response and prefer the products which design image have. and then understand prefered design image are influenced to design factor's and could be apply to new design development.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.194-200
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• 2004

The constant correlation factors between the Temkin and the Langmuir or the Frumkin adsorption isotherms of over-potentially deposited hydrogen (OPD H) for the cathodic H2 evolution reaction (HER) at poly-Pt and Re/0.5M $H_2SO_4$ and poly-Ni/0.05 M KOH aqueous electrolyte interfaces have been experimentally and consistently found using the phase-shift method. At intermediate values of the fractional surface coverage $(\theta),\;i.e.,\;02<{\theta}<0.8$, the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms of OPD H for the cathodic HER are correlated to each other even though the adsorption conditions or processes are different from each other. At the same range of $\theta$, correspondingly, the Frumkin and Temkin adsorption isotherms of OPD H for the cathodic HER are correlated to each other. The equilibrium constants $(K_o)$ for the Temkin adsorption isotherms $({\theta}\;vs.\; E)$ are consistently ca. 10 times greater than those (K, Ko) for the corresponding Langmuir or Frumkin adsorption isotherms ($({\theta}\;vs.\; E)$. The interaction parameters (g) for the Temkin adsorption isotherms $({\theta}\;vs.\; E)$ are consistently ra. 4.6 greater than those (g) for the corresponding Langmuir or Frumkin adsorption isotherms $({\theta}\;vs.\; E)$. These numbers (10 times and 4.6) can be taken as constant correlation factors between the corresponding adsolftion isotherms (Temkin, Langmuir, Frumkin) at the interfaces. The Temkin adsorption isotherm corresponding to the Langmuir or the Frumkin adsorption isotherm, and vice versa, can be effectively verified or confirmed using the constant correlation factors. Both the phase-shift methodand constant correlation factors are useful and effective for determining or confirming the suitable adsorption isotherms (Temkin, Langmuir, Frumkin) of intermediates for sequential reactions in electrochemical systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1048-1061
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• 1996

The most important practical feature that represents the performance of a washing machine is its ability to remove stains or soils from clothes. There are various tests to measure a washing machine's ability to remove stains or soils from clothes. The results of these tests are dependent upon the kind of soiled fabrics used. Moreover, these results may reflect some aspects of the effectiveness of a washing machine in cleaning clothes due to the paritcular compositions of chemicals which comprise soils in soiled fabrics and the particular conditions in which the results are evaluated. After selecting factors presumed to have a major effect on the cleaning ability of a washing machine and choosing most widely used soiled fabrics, we use experimetal statistics methods to screen real factors from them that influence the cleaning ability of a washing machine in a statistically significant manner for each soiled fabric. Using the least number of experimental rules required to extract the necessary information, we then proceed to present the study on the relations between the sets of selected factors and the soiled fabrics. We would then suggest which soiled fabrics is the best for evaluating the performance in cleaning clothes of a washing machine based on the above study.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

The gag reflex is a physiologic reaction which safeguards the airway from foreign bodies. But, an exaggerated gag reflex can be a severe limitation to a patient's ability to accept dental care and for a clinician's ability to provide it. The overactive gag reflex can be due to psychological factors or physiological factors, or both. Psychological factors can include fear of loss of control and past traumatic experiences. A 58-year-old man, scheduled for extraction of left upper second molar, left lower second and third molar and implantation of left upper second molar, and left lower second molar had no specific underlying medical problems. He had exaggerated gag reflex. Dental treatment was successfully performed using intravenous sedation. Intravenous sedation with midazolam and propofol was a useful management technique for reflex control during dental treatment extended to the posterior regions in the oral cavity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 1999

Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. The bacterium produces several virulence factors. Of the factors, protective antigen (PA) of tripatite toxin has been identified as a central component in the pathogenesis of anthrax. However, precise roles of PA and other cellular components in the reaction with the target cells remain to be elucidated, especially in the initial stage of the disease. Three B anthracis antigens were prepared for investigation; PA, sonicated cellular antigens (S-Ag) and formalin-inactivaed whole cell antigens (W-Ag). PA was purified from culture supernatant of the bacterium using FPLC system with MonoQ. S-Ag and W-Ag were prepared by sonication and formalin inactivation of the cultured cells, respectively. Purity of the antigens was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The roles of these antigens in the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, IL-6 and $TNF{\alpha}$ from mouse peritoneal macrophages were investigated. PA alone did not induce the production of the inflammatory mediators while the other antigens, S-Ag and W-Ag, did in a dose and time dependent manner. These results suggested that in addition to major virulence factors, other cellular antigens are also involved in the initial stage of the disease by the induction of inflammatory mediators.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2020

This study examined the prevalence of adherence factors, toxin genes, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and resistance genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from piglets with diarrhea before and after the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in Korea from 2007 to 2018. In this period, pathogenic 474 E. coli isolates were obtained from diarrheic piglets. The virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes were assayed using a polymerase chain reaction, and the susceptibility to antibiotics was tested according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. After the ban on AGPs, the frequency of F4 (12.5% to 32.7%) increased significantly, and LT (31.9% to 20.3%) and EAST-I (46.5% to 35.2%) decreased significantly. In addition, the resistance to streptomycin (45.8% to 67.9%), cephalothin (34.0% to 59.4%), and cefazlin (10.4% to 28.8%) increased significantly. Colistin resistance plasmid-mediated genes, mcr-1 and mcr-3, were detected after the ban on AGPs. The results of this study can provide useful data for analyzing the impact of the ban on AGPs on the virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from piglets with diarrhea in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.213-225
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related on pain in female office workers. Methods : Neck pain group of 31 female subjects complained of neck and arm discomfort. Normal group of 20 female subjects had no complaints or minimal discomfort. Cervical curvature and muscle tone were assessed by whole spine x-ray, meridian-electromyography(MEMG), craniovertebral angle, and Moire. Neck pain was evaluated by Neck Disability Index(NDI) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS). The emotional and other physical factors that could effect neck pain were checked by questionnaires including Beck Depression Index(BDI), Stress Reaction Index(SRI), Holmes & Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ), and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS). Results : The contraction and fatigue of upper trapezius by MEMG was significantly higher in the neck pain group. And BDI, SRI, SRRS, and GSRS were significantly higher in the neck pain group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the Jackson's angle, Cobb's method, craniovertebral angle, and moire between two groups. Conclusions : The results suggest that neck pain is related to mental stress rather than physical stress and physical stress does not change cervical curvature significantly.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to investigate the differences between female and male basketball players in knee neuromuscular biomechanical factors during basketball rebound jump. Twelve high school female ($17.9{\pm}0.8years$) and twelve male ($19.0{\pm}1.6years$) basketball players rebound jumped for maximal vertical height to sufficiently stress the anterior cruciate ligament. Kinematic and ground reaction data were collected and combined with inverse dynamics to estimate the knee extensor and abductor torque. The EMG data from the biceps femoris and rectus femoris was used to estimate the ratio of quadriceps muscle activity. Female athletes showed more reduced knee flexion at foot contact, more increased knee abduction, extensor and abductor knee joint torque at foot contact, and quadriceps ratio at stance phase than those of male athletes. In conclusion, Female athletes showed differences in knee neuromuscular biomechanical factors than male athletes during basketball rebound jump.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 2021

The study of the impact of weather on viral respiratory infections enables the assignment of causality to disease outbreaks caused by climatic factors. A better understanding of the seasonal distribution of viruses may facilitate the development of potential treatment approaches and effective preventive strategies for respiratory viral infections. We analyzed the incidence of human mastadenovirus infection using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 9,010 test samples obtained from Cheonan, South Korea, and simultaneously collected the weather data from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. We used the data collected on the infection frequency to detect seasonal patterns of human mastadenovirus prevalence, which were directly compared with local weather data obtained over the same period. Descriptive statistical analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, and binomial logistic regression analysis were performed to examine the relationship between weather, particulate matter, and human mastadenovirus infections. Patients under 10 years of age showed the highest mastadenovirus infection rates (89.78%) at an average monthly temperature of 18.2℃. Moreover, we observed a negative correlation between human mastadenovirus infection and temperature, wind chill, and air pressure. The obtained results indicate that climatic factors affect the rate of human mastadenovirus infection. Therefore, it may be possible to predict the instance when preventive strategies would yield the most effective results.