• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.69-73
• /
• 2003

To improve the sensory quality of sliced raw fish, the effect of cold brine temperature on the texture properties was investigated. Fishes were immersed in cold brine by various condition and killed instantly by spiking at the head. The onset of rigor-mortis was accelerated by decrease of immersion temperature. Also, the time reaching full rigor was shortened remarkably too. However, the rigor index of samples immersed in the cold brine decreased more than that of samples killed instantly. Rigor index was the highest in samples killed instantly, followed by $0^{\circ}C,\;-5^{\circ}C,\;-10^{\circ}C,\;-12.5^{\circ}C,\;-15^{\circ}C\;and\;-20^{\circ}C$ in that order. The breaking strength of samples immersed in the cold brine increased slowly but did not increase through all the conditions in the samples. Breaking strength of all samples immersed in the cold brine decreased significantly after reaching the maximum values (p<0.05). The lactate content of muscle was increased by the decreased brine temperature, however ATP content decreased. Minimum lactate and maximum ATP content in fish muscle showed at $-12.5^{\circ}C$. Those results demonstrate that optimal temperature for improvement of sliced raw fish quality by cold brine was $-12.5^{\circ}C.$

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.200-210
• /
• 1994

Cyclosporin A(Cy A) 생산을 위한 회분식 생물 반응기 실험에서, 고정상세포를 이용함으로써 액상 배양과 비교할 때 생물공정 개선의 가능성이 있음을 제시하였다. 고농도 배지를 생산균주가 지수기 생장단계인 발효개시 후 139시간에 첨가하였을 때, 고정상배양과 액상배양 모두에서, 균주의 재활성 및 재생장으로 인해 CyA의 생산기간이 연장되어, 발효개시 후 250시간까지 최대 CyA 농도를 유지하였다. 반면에 배지의 첨가가 없는 단순 회분식 배양의 경우, 두 경우 모두 정체생장 단계에서 CyA의 생산성이 빠른 속도로 감소하였다. 주목할 점은 고정상 세포의 경우 CyA수율($Y_{p/x}$)이 고농도 배지를 첨가한 후에도 지수기때의 수율의 80%에 이르는 높은 값을 계속 유지할 수 있었으나, 이와는 대조적으로 액상 세포는 단지 58%만을 유지할 수 있었다. 그 결과 고정상배양의 최대 CyA생산성 이 액상배양과 비교하여 약 2배 정도 증가하였다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2020

Objective: To prevent low back pain, an objective evaluation tool to evaluate pelvic mobility and exercise to improve the flexibility of the lumbar region is needed. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of pelvic mobility measurements using the Wii Balance Board (WBB) and Sensbalance Therapy Cushion (STC), evaluate the usefulness of the STC as a tool for measuring pelvic mobility. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty healthy subjects participated in this study. The subjects performed pelvic mobility range, proprioception, reaction time and reach of the arm using the STC. The pelvic movement parameter was measured two times to determine the intra-rater reliability. To measure the correlation between lumbar muscle tension and pelvic mobility, Myovision was used to measure tension of L4, L5 level erector spinae muscle. Correlations between measured variables were checked to determine the validity of the pelvic mobility assessment tool. Results: STC showed high test-retest reliability in pelvic tilt measurement and reaching task [intraclass correlation coefficients (3,1)=0.804-0.915]. The relationship between WBB and STC showed a significant positive correlation with the pelvic tilt and reaching task (p<0.05). Posterior tilt and erector spinae activation (Lt. L5) showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05). Left, right tilt and erector spinae activation (L5) showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study confirmed the advantages of the STC and found efficiency as an objective measuring device of pelvic mobility.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술.기술논문발표회
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2004

In this paper. applicability of high early strength type AE water reducing agent(HESAEWA) developed by the authors is discussed by applying Mock-up test. For fresh concrete properties, concrete using existing AE water reducing agent(EAEWRA) and HESAEW A meets the target slump and air content at jobsite. Setting time of concrete using HESAEWA is shorter than that using EAEWRA. Remarkable variance of bleeding and settlement is not observed with type of AE water reducing agent. For hardened concrete properties, use of HESAEW A results in higher strength development compared with that of EAEWRA at standard curing and in field curing condition. Reaching time to accomplish 5MPa of compressive strength. which is possible to remove side form. is taken using HESAEWA earlier than that of EAEWRA by 1day. Therefore, it is confirmed that use of HESAEWA can meet the requirements of general quality of concrete and achieve high early strength development as well as has a desirable field applicability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic health exercise program for the old. Methods: 20 healthy female with an average age of 71years($71{\pm}4.2$), were participated in this study. The aquatic health exercise program that include warm-up, stretching, strengthening exercise, WATSU and cool-down was performed in the pool two times a week for eight weeks(40min per one session). Body composition, strength of the both knee flexors and extensors, balance ability(sway area and path), whole body reaction time and flexibility(forward reaching test in long sitting) were measured before and after exercise. The data was analyzed with paired t-test to determine significant differences of all suggested factors between pre and post-exercise by make use of the SPSS(ver 10.0) package program. Results: The strength of the both knee flexors and extensors were increased significantly(right knee; p<0.01, left knee; p<0.05). Anteroposterior sway area (p<0.01), and sway path (p<0.001) of both leg were reduced significantly with eyes closed and opened. Whole body reaction time by optical stimulation was increased significantly (p<0.01) but whole body reaction time by auditory stimulation was no significant difference. The flexibility was increased significantly (p<0.01). Conclusion: Aquatic health exercise program can improve muscle strength, balance, whole body reaction, and flexibility.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.1133-1138
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 최적제어에 기초하여 비선형 슬라이딩 평면을 설계하는 것이다. 최적제어입력에 의한 상태 궤적을 Frobenius 정리와 matrix decomposition 방법에 의해 구하였고, 이 궤적을 시스템의 슬라이딩 평면으로 설정하였다. 상태는 초기부터 슬라이딩 평면을 유지하며, 그 결과 초기상태 단계로부터 전 영역까지 시스템의 강인성은 보장 받을 수 있으며, 도달시간 동안 발생 될 수 있는 불확실성과 외란의 영향을 제거되고, 큰 제어 입력의 문제도 해결할 수 있었다. 그리고 최적경로를 슬라이딩 평면으로 설정함으로 추적시간을 줄일 수 있었다. 역진자 시스템을 사용하여 그 타당성을 보인다.

• 한국연소학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2005

Fast-time instability is investigated for diffusion flames with Lewis numbers greater than unity by employing the numerical technique called the Evans function method. Since the time and length scales are those of the inner reactive-diffusive layer, the problem is equivalent to the instability problem for the $Li\tilde{n}\acute{a}n#s$ diffusion flame regime. The instability is primarily oscillatory, as seen from complex solution branches and can emerge prior to reaching the upper turning point of the S-curve, known as the $Li\tilde{n}\acute{a}n#s$ extinction condition. Depending on the Lewis number, the instability characteristics is found to be somewhat different. Below the critical Lewis number, $L_C$, the instability possesses primarily a pulsating nature in that the two real solution branches, existing for small wave numbers, merges at a finite wave number, at which a pair of complex conjugate solution branches bifurcate. For Lewis numbers greater than $L_C$, the solution branch for small reactant leakage is found to be purely complex with the maximum growth rate found at a finite wave number, thereby exhibiting a traveling nature. As the reactant leakage parameter is further increased, the instability characteristics turns into a pulsating type, similar to that for L < $L_C$.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.383-394
• /
• 2007

Due to the clutch's non-linear dynamics, time-delays, external disturbance and parameter uncertainty, the automated clutch is difficult to control precisely during the launch process or automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) vehicles. In this paper, an enhanced fuzzy sliding mode controller (EFSMC) is proposed to control the automated clutch. The sliding and global stability conditions are formulated and analyzed in terms of the Lyapunov full quadratic form. The chattering phenomenon is handled by using a saturation function to replace the pure sign function and fuzzy logic adaptation system in the control law. To meet the real-time requirement of the automated clutch, the region-wise linear technology s adopted to reduce the fuzzy rules of the EFSMC. The simulation results have shown hat the proposed controller can achieve a higher performance with minimum reaching time and smooth control actions. In addition, our data also show that the controller is effective and robust to the parametric variation and external disturbance.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.95-130
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find what causes make public projects hold off, going beyond the planned deadline and budget. Using System Dynamics(SD) and their derivative Urban Dynamics(UD) models, it intends to analyze major feedback loops based on VENSIM and to simulate them with STELLA software, all of which are interrelated with various causes of project delay. To prevent or ameliorate project delay, first of all it advises to focus on endogenous delaying factors not exogenous ones. These factors either reinforce or balance certain loops in complex causal structure, In the case example on the Cremation Building Project in Cheongju, Residents’ participation demand make negotiation put off and delayed negotiation reinforces administrative-expediency planning in order to observe a time limit, on the other hand, once building consensus, it increase both the level of planning performance and public trust. In the meantime, the real planning process used to neglect residents opinions and manage public grievance only through compensation, he a result of simulation, visible fruit of negotiation in the initial phase seems to be not satisfactory owing to funds and time consumed, but after reaching an mutual agreement among stakeholders, planning performance is effective and strategic than administrative-expediency planning viewed in both financial and time angle. It proposes to devise specific tools schematizing project implementation. In order to upgrade the quality of project management, it recommends for planners to adopt key concepts based on SD/UD diagrams and causal loops, which would contribute to enriching Planning abbots.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2005

Pressure heating rollers with temperature control were mounted to a flat cable laminating machine (FCLM). Pressure heating rollers should be heated up to the setting temperature $(175^{\circ}C)$ and kept on to producing good quality flexible flat cables (FFC). Existing Pressure heating rollers took more than 70minutes to the setting temperature and did not keep on the setting temperature in production. Temperature controller, electric power controller, material and diameter of rollers and heat capacities were changed to improve the temperature control of the pressure heat rollers for better production of the FFC. Thus, the reaching time to the setting temperature (RT), temperature stability time (TST) and temperature hunting (TH) were measured and compared with the existing pressure rollers case. The RT of A roller was shortened by 50minutes, and B roller was shortened by 15minutes. The TST of A roller was shortened by 13minutes, and B roller was shortened by 15minutes. The THs of both A and B rollers were settled up to ${\pm}5^{\circ}C$. Finally, the productivity of the FCLM and the quality of the FFC were increased.