• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2022

The total bacteria count is significantly important factor for hygienic quality in raw milk. BactoScan FM^TM and BactoCount IBC^TM are the automated instruments for the determination of the total bacterial count in raw milk. They have been used after calibration by standard plate count (SPC) method in South Korea since 2000. It is necessary to re-evaluate for total bacterial counter according to the improvement of milk quality and the change of milk quality grade. Therefore, this study was evaluated the conversion mode of the two machines by SPC method. We collected 921 bulk-tank milk samples throughout the concentration range of 1,000~1,000,000 CFU/mL from June 2020 to October 2021. As a result, when compared by the SPC value, there was a slight difference in total bacterial count in BactoScan below 10,000 CFU/mL and above 200,000 CFU/mL and in BactoCount above 100,000 CFU/mL, respectively. Therefore, the conversion factor for BactoScan and the conversion equation for BactoCount were newly adjusted based on SPC value, and then the correlation coefficients (R²) was 0.85 or higher. In addition, the correlation (R²) between BactoScan and BactoCount was 0.91, which means the results were high positive correlation. These results are expected to contribute to improving the accuracy of the automated instruments for determining of total bacterial count in raw milk.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1991

Antibiotic residues of raw milks collected in Anyang area were tested by TTC-reduction test, EEC-4plate method and TLC(SOS-kit ) method to improve and monitor the quality of milk. Antibiotic substances were not detected from 100 raw milk samples, but sulfamethazine was detected from only one sample(1.3PPM) by SOS test. Unclassified anti-microbic substances were detected from 22 samples by EEC-4 plate method. EEC-4 plate test was useful to categorize the species of antibacterial substances and SOS test was useful to detect the sulfamethazine field screening test.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1258-1264
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 건조하지 않은 감귤부산물을 첨가한 TMR사료를 홀스타인 젖소에게 급여하고 생산한 원유의 성분 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 초산우와 경산우를 대상으로, 감귤부산물 TMR사료를 급여하지 않은 젖소의 원유를 T0구, 그리고 감귤부산물 TMR사료를 급여한 젖소의 원유를 T1구이라 하였으며, 각각 7 마리의 젖소에서 착유한 원유의 분석치를 1반복으로 하고, 3반복 실행하였다. 초산우 및 경산우 모두 원유의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분 함량 및 열량은 T0구 및 T1구 사이에 유의적 차이가 없었다. 원유의 콜레스테롤 함량은 초산우 및 경산우 모두 T0구보다 T1구가 낮게 나타났으며 경산우의 경우 T1구가 유의하게 낮은 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 원유의 무기질 함량은 초산우의 경우 Na와 S, 경산우의 경우 Na, Cu, Fe 및 S가 T1구에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 초산우와 경산우 모두 T0구 및 T1구의 구성아미노산 총량, 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 조성비, 그리고 모든 유리 지방산의 조성비는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 초산우와 경산우 원유의 비타민 A, E, $B_1$, $B_2$ 및 $\beta$-carotene 함량 중 초산우의 비타민 $B_1$은 T0구보다 T1구가 유의적으로 많고(p<0.05), 나머지는 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2001

The most important task in Korean dairy industry is to keep the seasonal and annual balance of raw milk supply and demand. Too much surplus milk supply which causes dumping sale of market milk makes dairy industries get in trouble of management, and eventually affects to farmers and consumers economically. As balancing of supply and demand is so important in the fee economic market system, the adaption of the quota system of milk production and seasonal price differentiation has been recommended very often as a method of controlling the milk supply and demand. However, this recommendation did not go through successfully due to the strong objection of dairy farmers. Recently, the voice of consumer's requirement for safer and more hygienic, and high protein, low fat level dairy product is getting stronger. By knowledge of this kind changes, quality improvement in nutrients and hygiene is the most positive way to expand the volume of milk consumption. To meet the consumer's demand, therefore, it is necessary to revise the level of milk fat content and the hygienic grading system for the payment system of raw milk.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 1976

1. 원유와 시유 40점에서 내열성균으로 생각되는 330균주의 세균이 분리되었다. 2. 현미경적 관찰, 생리적시험, 단백질분해성과 지방분해성으로 보아 Bacillus stearothermophilus 125균주, Bacillus coagulans 69균주, Bacillus subtilis 57균주, Bacillus cereus 76균주, Lactobacillus thermophilus 3균주로 동정되었다. 3. 이들 반이상의 균주들은 skim milk배지에서 $85^{\circ}C$, 15분간 처리에도 생존할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

In recent times, antimicrobial resistance has been a concern because of its relation to national health and food safety. In this study, we reviewed the management of antibiotics and antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in domestic and foreign countries and analyzed microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms and raw milk. The isolates from dairy farms were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus chromogens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Enterobacter spp., and Kluyvera intermedia. Rummeliibacillus stabekisii, Paenibacillus badius, Pantoea agglomerans, B. oleronius, B. fusiformis, and B. badius were isolated from feed E. coli and Kurthia gibsonii, from feces and S. pasteuri, S. aureus, S. chromogenes, and Salmonella spp., from raw milk. Pathogens isolated from dairy farms and raw milk were tested for susceptibility to 20 types of antibiotics. E. coli (EAEC) and E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) isolated from dairy farms, E. coli (EAEC) isolated from feces, and Salmonella spp. isolated from raw milk showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. These results show that antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms should be more effectively managed to improve the safety of dairy farms.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 근적외선 분광광도계를 이용하여 원유의 체세포수 측정에 필요한 최적의 색소를 선정하기 위하여 eosin-Y, methyl red, methylen blue, resazurin 및 amido black 10B등의 5가지 색소를 0.01%첨가 후 근적외선 분광광도계를 이용하여 400-2,500 nm 영역에서 측청하였으며, PLS(partial least squar)분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 교정부 모델에서의 상관도는 raw milk 0.78, eosin-Y 0.65, methyl red 0.63, methylen blue 0.65, resazurin 0.98 그리고 amido black 10B는 0.99 였다. 또한, 검증부 모델에서의 상관도는 raw milk 0.49, eosin-Y 0.21, methyl red 0.36, methylen blue 0.47, resazurin 0.95 그리고 amido black 10B는 0.98 였다. 위 결과를 종합해 보면, amido black 10B를 첨가한 경우 검증부 모델의 상관도는 0.98, 검증부 오차(SEP)는 0.09로 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2012

During heat treatment and storage of milk, deteriorative reaction takes place, which consequently influence on the milk quality. In this study, formation of lactulose and furosine under different thermal conditions and storage conditions, and the ratio of lactulose and furosine (LU/FU) in presence of reconstituted milk powder were determined to establish chemical indicators for heat damages of milk and the adulteration of fresh milk in dairy field. The lactulose and furosine contents linearly increased with increased heating temperature and heating time. It showed high correlation between the formation of lactulose and furosine, and the treatment temperature and time (p<0.05). The lactulose and furosine concentration of HTST milk and UHT milk noticeably increased during storage at $30^{\circ}C$, but there was no noticeable increase of lactulose and furosine concentration at lower storage temperature. In the raw milk, the lactulose and furosine contents greatly increased with the addition of reconstituted milk. The increase level of furosine was much higher than that of lactulose, which consequently resulted in the lower LU/FU ratio in milk as increase of added reconstituted milk amounts. As comparing with raw milk, there was more than twice reduction in LU/FU ratios after the addition of reconstituted milk (p<0.05). It can be concluded that lactulose and furosine are suitable milk quality indicators of heat damage and for demonstrating improper addition of reconstituted milk powder.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1069-1080
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• 2000

The Korean dairy industry has been growing rapidly during the last decade, and then, the milk payment systems encourage farmers to feed and breed for higher quality of raw milk. In this study, the differences in milk payments with regard to price determin

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

Although milk, which is a representative western food, has a more than 100-year history in Korea, the preference is controversial. This study examined the milk history of Choseon in 1884~1938. This period was divided into 4 periods regarding the westerner's records and advertisements. Westerners who visited Choseon in 1884~1895 ($1^{st}$ period) recorded the eating habits of Choseon,i.e., no milk consumed, even in insufficient food situation. Among the westerners, medical missionaries began to show or/and recommend condensed milk for sick children. In 1896~1909 ($2^{nd}$ period) newspapers, general shops in Hanseong for westerners showed advertisements of dairy products. In the 1900s, condensed and raw milk were advertised through newspapers. Domestic ranching systems to produce raw milk were established at that time mainly by Japanese. In the 1910s ($3^{rd}$ period), raw milk and condensed milk were advertised in newspapers. Since the mid-1920s ($4^{th}$ period), dairy products were bisected into condensed and powdered (dried) milk. Moreover, many Japanese manufacturers appeared in the advertisement in the 1920s. These results suggest that milk has been recognized as a symbol of an enlightenment food in Korea since the late 1900s, but the old negative wisdom, unfamiliar taste, and high price of milk at that time limited its appeal.