• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.745-751
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• 2002

In this paper, we Shall find the unique rational price associated with the exchange option. Also, we find the decomposition of Snell envelope and value function of the American exchange option.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1069-1075
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• 2000

In this paper, we deal with the European "Asian arithmetical option" and find the unique rational price associated with this option and Asian arithmetical call-put parity.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.654-664
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to segment consumers based on sales promotion orientation and examine the differences between the consumer segments on shopping styles and demographics. A total of 462 responses collected from a questionnaire survey to subjects aged over 20 were analyzed. Cluster analysis on sales promotion orientation identified four groups including rational group(21%), active group(28%), insensitive group(22.1%), and interest group(28.9%) of sales promotion. MANOVA, ANOVA and $\chi$$^2$-test revealed significant differences among the four groups on shopping styles(high-quality prone, value prone, price prone. brand prone, fashion prone, hedonic shopping prone, and loyalty) and 4 demographic characteristics(i.e., age, marital status. occupation, and education). The rational group showed lower brand proneness than did other groups while the active group showed higher price and brand proneness. The interest group showed high value, brand, and hedonic shopping proneness while the insensitive group was the least engaged in shopping styles. The study developed a profile of each segment and provided marketing implications.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify selection attributes, functional benefits, psychological benefits, and values according to crossover shopping patterns (showrooming and webrooming). To achieve objectives of this study, a survey was designed based on the means-end chain theory, using the in-depth laddering technique and APT laddering technique which understanding the linkage of A(attributes)-FB(functional benefits)-PB(psychological benefit)-V(value). These two laddering techniques were used to construct a hierarchical value map (HVM) by linking selection attributes, functional benefits, psychological benefits, and value levels. The selection attribute items that showrooming shoppers consider important are 'price conformity', 'product information', 'product variety', and 'delivery service'. Functional benefit items were 'free purchase', 'economic benefit', 'communication', 'safety', and 'accurate Information', and psychological benefit items were 'convenience', 'relaxation', 'pleasure', 'rational consumption', and 'stability'. Finally, the value items were 'self-satisfaction', 'abundant life', 'achievement', 'happiness', and 'reasonable life'. Next, the selection attribute items that webrooming shoppers consider important are 'price conformity', 'product information', 'product variety', 'AS', 'shopping atmosphere', and 'seller service'. Functional benefit items were 'free purchase', 'economic profit', 'expression opinion', 'safety', and 'accurate information', and psychological benefit items were 'convenience', 'relaxation', 'rational consumption', and 'stability'. Finally, the value items were 'self-satisfaction', 'abundant life', 'happiness', and 'reasonable life'.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 시스템 다이내믹스를 활용하여 선박 연료유 가격의 중장기 예측분석을 수행하는 것이다. 연료유 가격의 정확한 예측을 위해 가격 결정에 영향을 미치는 다양한 변수들 간의 인과적 관계를 바탕으로 정량화된 모델을 구축하였다. 연료유 가격 결정에는 유가에 영향을 미치는 원유 소비와 생산, 경제변화에 영향을 미치는 GDP, 환율 등과 함께 해운물류시장의 수요와 공급에 의해 결정되는 해상운임 등 다양한 구성변수들을 기반으로 시스템 다이내믹스를 활용한 연료유 가격을 예측하고 MAPEs 등을 통한 객관성을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과 2029년까지의 연료유 가격은 2016년 대비 소폭 상승세를 보일 것으로 예상되지만 지난 2012년과 같은 급등세는 나타나지 않을 것으로 전망되었다. 본 연구는 각종 변수들 간의 동적인 인과관계를 활용하여 연료유 가격을 예측하여 합리적 추정결과를 유도할 수 있었다는 점과 가격 결정에 영향을 미치는 다양한 변수들의 구조적 관계를 손쉽게 파악함으로써 연료유 가격 변화에 대한 종합적인 위험 관리가 가능하여 해운기업의 효율적인 선대관리를 지원하는데 가치를 가지고 있다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

The rare metals, used for semiconductors, PDP-LCS and other specialized metal areas necessarily, has been playing a key role for the Korean economic development. Rare metals are influenced by exogenous variables, such as production quantity, price and supplied areas. Nowadays the supply base of rare metals is threatened by the sudden increase in price. For the stable supply of rare metals, a rational demand outlook is needed. In this study, focusing on the domestic demand for chromium, the uncertainty and probability materializing from demand and price is analyzed, further, a demand forecast model, which takes into account various exogenous variables, is suggested, differing from the previously static model. Also, through the OOS(out-of-sampling) method, comparing to the preexistence ARIMA model, ARMAX model, multiple regression analysis model and ECM(Error Correction Mode) model, we will verify the superiority of suggested model in this study.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제9권
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• pp.47-75
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 준거가격, 가격할인취지 및 가격-품질 연상 심리 수준이 가격할인 광고 의류제품의 속성 평가에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구설계는 준거가격(제시, 미제시)$\times$가격할인취지(미제시, 재고처분, 판매촉진)$\times$가격-품질 연상 심리 수준(높은 집단, 낮은 집단)에 의한 피험자간 3원 요인설계에 의하였다. 조사대상자는 여자 대학생들로, 준거가격과 가격할인취지가 다르게 조작된 6개 자극물들 중의 1개 자극물에 노출 되어 광고된 의류제품의 속성들을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과 첫째, 의류제품의 봉제 및 직물과 라벨 속성 평가에는 준거가격 제시 유무, 가격할인취지, 가격-품질연상 심리 수준이 상호작용 하여 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 봉제 및 직물 속성과 라벨 속성 평가에 대한 준거가격 제시효과는 가격-품질연상이 낮은 집단에서는 가격할인취지가 제시되지 않았을 때 나타났으며, 가격-품질연상이 높은 집단 에서는 가격할인취지가 재고처분으로 제시되었을 때 나타났다. 셋째, 자켓 의류제품의 제작 속성 평가에 대한 준거가격 제시 유무, 가격할인취지, 가격-품질 연상 심리 수준의 상호작용 효과는 비유의적이었으며, 가격-품질 연상 심리 특성의 주효과만 발견되었다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.285-299
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• 2016

Although South Korea experienced a rolling blackout in 2011, the possibility of a blackout in South Korea continues to increase due to rapid electrification. This study examines the problems of energy taxation and price distortions as possible reasons for the rapid electrification in South Korea, which is occurring at a faster rate than in Japan, Europe, and other developed countries. Further, we suggest new energy taxation and price systems designed to normalize electricity prices. In order to do so, we consider two possible scenarios: the first imposes a tax on bituminous coal for electricity generation and the second levies a tax to provide compensation for the potential damages from a nuclear accident. Based on these scenarios, we analyze the effects of a new energy system on electricity price and demand. The results show that a new energy system could guarantee the power generation costs and balance the relative prices between energy sources, and could also help prevent rapid electrification. Therefore, the suggested new energy system is expected to be utilized as a basis for energy policy to decrease the speed of electrification, thus preventing a blackout, and to induce the rational consumption of energy in South Korea.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2004

This study categorizes consumers by the style of consumers' purchase behavior, and examines the differences in consumers' attitudes toward environment and pro-environmental behavior in the stage of purchase, usage, and disposal. The results of this study are summarized below: First, The style of consumers' purchase behavior can be categorized on a basis of four factors: fashioned-demonstrative consumer group focusing on fashion and demonstration effects when purchasing; rational consumer group more likely to concern price, quality, and product function; indifferent consumer group having no interest in purchasing; and fashioned-functional consumer group who values not only fashion but function. Second, the result of investigating the differences of consumers' attitudes toward environment reveals that the level of concern and awareness for environment is highest in rational consumer group, but lowest in indifferent consumer group. Also, it is higher in fashioned-functional consumer group than in fashioned-demonstrative consumer group. Lastly, the level of pro-environmental behavior in the stage of purchase, usage, and disposal is highest in rational consumer group, but lowest in indifferent consumer group. The level of pro-environmental behavior in usage stage is inactive in fashioned-demonstrative consumer group, whereas that in disposal stage is active in fashioned-functional consumer group for fashioned-demonstrative consumer group. It was so, especially in the area of not-being-a-litterbug.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제24권69호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2001

Group level discriminations are observed in employment relations and other transactions in the form of residential occupational and production segregation and differential treatments. Recent developments in the rational theories of discrimination both on the market level and the non-market level are reviewed in terms of their relative strengths, weaknesses and complementarities. Taste discrimination could remain much suppressed in the market but could effect much chain reaction through various ways of statistical discrimination, price discrimination, human capital investment and segregation. Taste discrimination could also take the more structured form of co-workers' requiring compensation for reduced productivity due to increasing interactions with members of different language and culture in a non-segregative system. If could also be viewed in the framework of brand learning models. Non-market models of discrimination are seen to be an essential part to explain extended modes of discrimination.