• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 저속 페이딩 환경 하에서 다중 심볼 차동 복조기의 다이버시티 수신 방법에 대하여 연구한다. MSDD(Multiple Symbol Differential Detection)를 이용하여 다이버시티 수신을 할 경우 복조 블럭의 길이를 크게 할수록 차동 부호화된 MPSK의 Maxim -Ratio-Combining(MRC) 다이버시티 수신기 성능에 수렴하지만 복잡도가 지수적으로 증가하여 현실적으로 구현이 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 MSDD 수신기에 입력하기 전에 수신 신호들을 정렬 시켜서 결합하는 pre-combining 방식을 제안하였다. 여기서 제안된 pre-combined MSDD 다이버시티 수신기는 준최적 수신기로서 수신기의 복잡도가 복조 블록의 길이에 선형적으로 증가하는 효율적인 MSDD 복조를 가능케 한다. 따라서 고속의 버스트 모뎀과 같이 동기 복조의 어려움이 있을 경우, 채널에 대한 정보에 의존치 않고도 다이버시티 수신을 할 수 있으며 기존의 차동 복조 방식에 비하여 큰 성능 향상을 보여준다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1215-1223
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• 2014

멀티홉 무선네트워크에서 메시지 전송 경로는 경로 탐색 과정을 통해 설정하게 되는데 일반적으로 최단경로를 이용하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 경로는 네트워크 중앙부근의 노드들을 많이 이용하여 에너지 사용의 불균형 및 혼잡 발생 확률을 높여 메시지 전송 안정성을 떨어뜨리는 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 노드들의 잔여 에너지량을 고려하여 종단간 안정성 있는 메시지 전송 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안한 프로토콜은 링크성능평가척도로 ETX (Expected Transmission Count) 를 사용하며, 경로설정시 노드의 잔여 에너지량이 적은 노드들을 회피함으로써 경로 고장 확률을 줄이고 이로 인한 메시지 손실을 최소화하도록 하고 있다. 제안한 프로토콜의 성능을 평가하기 위해 QualNet 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 성능측정을 수행하였고, 이를 기존의 라우팅 프로토콜들과 비교하였다. 성능측정 결과 종단간 메시지 전송률 및 메시지 전송지연시간 등에 있어서 기존 신뢰성 보장 프로토콜인 MRFR 프로토콜과 유사하였지만 노드들의 부하균등성 측면에서 MRFR 프로토콜 보다 우수함을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.377-395
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• 2006

In this paper we have suggested a family of chain estimators of the population mean $\bar{Y}$ of a study variate y using two auxiliary variates in two phase (double) sampling assuming that the coefficient of variation of the second auxiliary variable is known. It is well known that chain estimators are traditionally formulated when the population mean $\bar{X}_1$ of one of the two auxiliary variables, say $x_1$, is not known but the population mean $\bar{X}_2$ of the other auxiliary variate $x_2$ is available and $x_1$ has higher degree of positive correlation with the study variate y than $x_2$ has with y, $x_2$ being closely related to $x_1$. Here the classes are constructed when the population mean $\bar{X}_1\;of\;X_1$ is not known and the coefficient of variation $C_{x2}\;of\;X_2$ is known instead of population mean $\bar{X}_2$. Asymptotic expressions for the bias and mean square error (MSE) of the suggested family have been obtained. An asymptotic optimum estimator (AOE) is also identified with its MSE formula. The optimum sample sizes of the preliminary and final samples have been derived under a linear cost function. An empirical study has been carried out to show the superiority of the constructed estimator over others.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2016

Purpose: The management of metal-induced field inhomogeneities is one of the major concerns of distortion-free magnetic resonance images near metallic implants. The recently proposed method called "Slice Encoding for Metal Artifact Correction (SEMAC)" is an effective spin echo pulse sequence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) near metallic implants. However, as SEMAC uses the noisy resolved data elements, SEMAC images can have a major problem for improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) without compromising the correction of metal artifacts. To address that issue, this paper presents a novel reconstruction technique for providing an improvement of the SNR in SEMAC images without sacrificing the correction of metal artifacts. Materials and Methods: Low-rank approximation in each coil image is first performed to suppress the noise in the slice direction, because the signal is highly correlated between SEMAC-encoded slices. Secondly, SEMAC images are reconstructed by the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE), also known as Gauss-Markov or weighted least squares. Noise levels and correlation in the receiver channels are considered for the sake of SNR optimization. To this end, since distorted excitation profiles are sparse, $l_1$ minimization performs well in recovering the sparse distorted excitation profiles and the sparse modeling of our approach offers excellent correction of metal-induced distortions. Results: Three images reconstructed using SEMAC, SEMAC with the conventional two-step noise reduction, and the proposed image denoising for metal MRI exploiting sparsity and low rank approximation algorithm were compared. The proposed algorithm outperformed two methods and produced 119% SNR better than SEMAC and 89% SNR better than SEMAC with the conventional two-step noise reduction. Conclusion: We successfully demonstrated that the proposed, novel algorithm for SEMAC, if compared with conventional de-noising methods, substantially improves SNR and reduces artifacts.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제26권3E호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2007

In this paper we propose a new noise reduction algorithm for stationary and nonstationary noisy environments. Our algorithm classifies the speech and noise signal contributions in time-frequency bins, and is not based on a spectral algorithm or a minimum statistics approach. It relies on calculating the ratio of the standard deviation of the noisy power spectrum in time-frequency bins to its normalized time-frequency average. We show that good quality can be achieved for enhancement speech signal by choosing appropriate values for ${\delta}_t\;and\;{\delta}_f$. The proposed method greatly reduces the noise while providing enhanced speech with lower residual noise and somewhat higher mean opinion score (MOS), background intrusiveness (BAK) and signal distortion (SIG) scores than conventional methods.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권5호
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• pp.416-425
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• 2013

A hybrid PN code phase acquisition system based on a least-mean-square adaptive filter, interpreted as a channel estimator is proposed and analyzed for direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems under frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels. Closed form expressions are derived for the filter tap weights and detection/false alarm probabilities. Compared to previously proposed systems, the proposed system achieves smaller mean acquisition times, is more robust to the operating signal-to-noise ratio and allows for multiplication free tap weight updates.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2000년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제19권 1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 부가잡음에 의한 음성신호의 왜곡에 대해 다양한 음성개선 기법을 전처리기로 도입하여 HMM(Hidden Markov Model)에 기반 한 음성인식 시스템의 인식성능을 평가하였다. 음성개선 기법으로는 MMSE(Minimun Mean Square Error) STSA(Short-Time Spectral Amplitude Estimator) 기법과 웨이브렛 영역에서의 UWD(Undecimated Wavelet Denoising), CWD(Conventional Wavelet Denoising) 기법을 적용하였다. 잡음이 없는 데이터로 훈련한 음성인식시스템에 잡음음성을 입력할 때 각 음성개선기법을 전처리기로 사용하여 신호대잡음비(Signal to Noise Ratio)에 따른 인식 성능을 비교하였다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.96-107
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• 1997

The recent stream to reliability prediction is that it is totally inclusive in depth to consider even the operating and environmental condition at the level of finished goods as well as component itselves. In this study, firstly we present the reliability prediction methods by entire failure rate model which failure rate at the system level is added to the failure rate model at the component level. Secondly we build up the improved bases of reliability demonstration through a, pp.ication of Kaplan-Meier, Cumulative hazard, Johnson's methods as non-parametric and Maximum Likelihood Estimator under exponential & Weibull distribution as parametric. And also present the methods of curve fitting to piecewise failure rate under Weibull distribution, PRST (Probability Ratio Sequential Test), curve fitting to S-shaped reliability growth curve, computer programs of each methods. Lastly we show the practical for determination of optimal burn-in time as a method of reliability enhancement, and also verify the practical usefulness of the above study through the a, pp.ication of failure and test data during 1 year.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2005

The absolute longitudinal speed of a vehicle is estimated by using data from an accelerometer of the vehicle and wheel speed sensors of a standard 50-tooth antilock braking system. An intuitive solution to this problem is, 'When wheel slip is low, calculate the vehicle velocity from the wheel speeds; when wheel slip is high, calculate the vehicle speed by integrating signal of the accelerometer.' The speed estimator weighted with fuzzy logic is introduced to implement the above concept, which is formulated as an estimation method. And the method is improved through experiments by how to calculate speed from acceleration signal and slip ratios. It is verified experimentally to usefulness of estimation speed of a vehicle. And the experimental result shows that the estimated vehicle longitudinal speed has only a $6\%$ worst-case error during a hard braking maneuver lasting a few seconds.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1996

Data-dependent (adaptive) choice of asymptotically efficient score functions for rank estimators and M-estimators of regression parameters in a linear regression model with left-truncated and right-censored data are developed herein. The locally adaptive smoothing techniques of Muller and Wang (1990) and Uzunogullari and Wang (1992) provide good estimates of the hazard function h and its derivative h' from left-truncated and right-censored data. However, since we need to estimate h'/h for the asymptotically optimal choice of score functions, the naive estimator, which is just a ratio of estimated h' and h, turns out to have a few drawbacks. An altermative method to overcome these shortcomings and also to speed up the algorithms is developed. In particular, we use a subroutine of the PPR (Projection Pursuit Regression) method coded by Friedman and Stuetzle (1981) to find the nonparametric derivative of log(h) for the problem of estimating h'/h.