• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권5호
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• pp.447-458
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• 2024

This study investigated the influence of scale ratio and vertical load on the seismic performance of Puzuo joints in traditional Chinese timber structures. Three low-cyclic reversed loading tests were conducted on three scaled specimens of Bujian Puzuo in Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. This study focused on the deformation patterns and analyzed seismic performance under varying scale ratios and vertical loads. The results indicated that the slip and rotational deformations of Bujian Puzuo were the primary deformations. The scale of the specimen did not affect the layer where the maximum interlayer slip occurred, but it did decrease the proportion of slip deformation. Conversely, the reducing vertical load caused the layer with the maximum slippage and the position of the damaged Dou components to shift upward, and the proportion of slip deformation increased. When the vertical load was decreased by 3.7 times, the maximum horizontal bearing capacity under positive and negative loadings, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation of the specimen decreased by approximately 60%, 58.79%, 69.62%, and 57.93%, respectively. The horizontal bearing capacity under positive loading and energy dissipation of the specimen increased by 35.63% and 131.54%, when the specimen scale was doubled and the vertical load was increased by 15 times.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2000

This study shows consolidation properties resulted from the experiment made on changes by load increment ratio and consolidation duration of standard consolidation test using deposit soil of Chungju Dam. Though the comparison and analysis of the result turned out that void ratio by load increment ratio was unchanged greatly, the result was inclined as followes : the smaller load increment ratio is, the bigger void ratio is, while the bigger load increment ratio is the bigger settlement is. Also coefficient of consolidation is increased in inverse ratio to load increment ratio. Coefficient of permeability is increased in proportion to load increment ratio, it is not fixed changes by consolidation duration, however. Degree of consolidation is increased to load increment ratio.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2002

Mulberry Leaf (Morus-alba) is effective on reducing blood sugar increase and cholesterol in the blood. The objective of this study is to elucidate the sensory and physicochemical attributes of Mulberry Leaf Boogag with different amounts of glutinous rice paste and ginger juice. Mulberry Leaf Boogag, steamed for 90 seconds, was made by puffing the glutinous rice paste and ginger juice. The ratio of glutinous rice paste is made of a double, quintuple, and octuple proportion of water to the weight of the glutinous rice paste. The ratio of ginger juice is at a rate of one, three and five percent. According to the sensory evaluation, hardness and crispiness increased as the glutinous rice paste did, and ginger flavor, bitterness and sourness increased as the ginger juice did. Optimal conditions(p<0.05) were set when the value of hardness was more than five, and the value of bitterness and bitingness, lower than five. The optimal condition of Mulberry Leaf Boogag was established when the ratio of water to glutinous rice paste was 5.5, and in addition, 3.75 percent of ginger juice must be in proportion.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2010

Buildings receive solar radiation through windows and the solar radiation helps to save heating energy in winter. Therefore the bigger the glazing ratio is, the larger the amount of solar radiation we can receive. In this study we analysed the glazing ratio of Certified Green Building Apartments. And we verified whether the glazing ratio reflects energy saving through accepting solar radiation with correlation analysis. For glazing ratio analysis, we selected 116 apartment buildings of 19 apartment complexes that certified in 2008-2009 and took pictures of outside windows of the buildings. After that, we analysed the building's glazing ratio with 4 azimuth and checked distinction of the glazing ratio between 6 coupled azimuths. And we analysed the correlation between importance order of azimuth for energy saving and the glazing ratio change with the azimuth. The analysis showed that the glazing ratio does not reflect energy saving through accepting solar radiation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.850-857
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate replacing possibility of sucrose by sugar alcohols and to establish the optimum formula for the development of sugar cookies. The characteristics of sugar cookies prepared with xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt substituted for 35, 50, 75, 100% of sucrose were examined through physical measurement and sensory evaluation. The spread ratio of cookies containing sugar alcohols except xylitol was superior to that of control cookies(sucrose 100%) and the use of lactitol increased the spread ratio of cookies. The specific gravity of cookies containing sugar alcohols except xylitol was lower than that of control cookies. Therefore spread ratio was in inverse proportion to specific gravity. As the proportion of sugar alcohols increased in cookie formula, surface color of cookies was getting lighter than that of control cookies. Especially cookies containing xylitol, maltitol was getting lighter as the levels of replacement increased. Overall quality of cookies with sugar alcohols containing sensory analysis was superior to that of control cookies.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

Commercial buildings account for a significant proportion of the total building energy use in Korea, and cooling energy, in turn, accounts for the largest proportion of total energy consumption in commercial buildings. Under this circumstance, chiller staging is considered to be a reasonable and practical solution for cooling energy saving. In this study, the part-load ratio and the operating characteristics of a vapor compression chiller were analysed within an office building. In addition, energy consumption among different chiller staging schemes was comparatively analysed. As a result, significant proportions of total operating hours, cooling load and energy consumption turned out to be in the part load ratio range from 0% through 50%, and thus energy consumption was significantly affected by the chiller COP at low part-load conditions, indicating that the chiller operation at the part-load is an important factor in commercial buildings. In addition, utilizing a sequential chiller staging scheme can reduce the annual cooling energy usage by more than 10.3% compared to operating a single chiller.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

PURPOSES: As a part of our research into repair techniques for roads that have collapsed as a result of a natural disaster, this study set out to find the optimum mix proportion for gravels to be used to restore a damaged area. METHODS: This study considered flow and strength-development characteristics. The experimental variables were the W/C ratio, the usage of the admixture, the types of cement, and the quantity of fine aggregate over three different experimental stages. The compressive strength was measured at 12 hours, one day, three days, and seven days. RESULTS : The flow varied with the amount of fine aggregate and the use of a high-range water-reducing (HRWR) admixture. The compressive strength also varied with respect to the type of cement and the W/C ratios. The strength satisfied the expected requirement of 21 MPa after one day, provided the mix proportion was appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: A gravel-filling high-flow cement-based mortar exhibited strength and consistency with a W/C ratio in the range of 0.40 to 0.45, assuming the use of HRWR at 0.5 to 0.7% and a fine aggregate/cement ratio of 1.0 to 1.5.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fittness of Golden relation items was advocated by Ricketts whether or not it is applicable to the young adult Korean dentitions and also to evaluate the several new Golden relation items conducted by the author. The material was consisted of 81 dental casts (34 male, 47 female) with ideal occlusion, which never undergone orthodontic, prosthodontic procedures. Measurements were made on the arch dimensions using sliding caliper (Mitutoyo. Co) and data were computerized and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows, 1. The Golden proportion advocated by Ricketts dose not seem to directly applicable to the Korean normal dentition, however, the modification from the Ricketts' original shows the Golden proportion as follow: A first series of progressive Golden relations was found on the Golden ratio among the lower central incisors width, the inter mesioincisal width of the upper lateral incisors, and the upper first premolars width. A second series was found on the Golden ratio among the lower lateral incisors width, lower inter canine tips width and theupper first molar distal cusp tips width. A third series was found on the Golden ratio between the inter distal aspect width of e lower canine and the mesial cusp tips width of the lower second molars or inter cusp tips width of upper second premolars. 2. In addition to Ricketts' original, 4 new Golden proportions were found in young adult Korean dentition, these are as follows; The tips of lower canine width had Golden relation with the width of the upper first premolar buccal cusp tips or the width of the lower first molar central fossae. The distal aspect of the lower first premolars had Golden relation with the buccal surface widths of the lower or upper second molars. The width of upper lateral incisors had Golden relation with the upper second molar height. The width of the lower canine tips had Golden relation with the lower second molar height.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.97-102
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• 1997

In this study, a predictive method which was modified from KIshi's model for the temperature development of concrete was developed by using mineral compounds of clinker and pozzolans. Temperature dependent heat generation of reaction was also considered. Specific heat considering the effect of mix proportion and temperature was calculated with experimental data in the literatures. Thermal conductivity considering the effect of mix proportion and temperature was experimentally investigated. Through this research it was found that the developed method considering thermal properties accurately predicted adiabatic temperature rise of concrete without the experiment. It was also found that the thermal conductivity of concrete could be predicted by the volume ratio of each component of mix proportion and was independent of temperature within the normal climatic range.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

This study is to investigate for the frost resistance of high-strength concrete using finely ground granulated blast-furnace slag with experimental parameters, such as water/binder ratio, replacement proportion of granulated blast-furnace slag, air content and methods of curing. The high-strength concrete using granulated blast-furnace slag is effective to resist frost and decrease scaling. The more increasable replacement proportion of granulated blast-furnace slag is, the better the effect is. The high-strength concrete using granulated blast-furnace slag needs hydrating adequately to prevent deterioration by drying in the early curing period. The micro structure of high-strength concrete, increased to the pore number with diameter of 0.03~0.1mm, is changed by using granulated blast-furnace slag, but is presented differently according to water/binder ration and replacement proportion of granulated blast-furnace slag.