• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1995

Forty patients meeting DSM-III-H criteria for panic disorder and 51 normal controls were assessed with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised(PDQ-R), a self-rating scale designed to assess Axis II personality disorders and traits. Results replicated previous findings of a preponderance of dependent, avoidant, and histrionic features. But our result showed other features such as paranoid, schizotypal, borderline, and antisocial traits also. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of their personality traits(high or low). These groups were compared in various panic symptomatology and SCL-90-R. None of the specific symptom dimensions in panic disorder, i.e. panic, anxiety, agoraphobia, social impairment, or chronicity was different between groups. Rather, high personality trait groups were found to have significantly more symptomatology in SCR-90-R than low personality groups. Result indicated that patients exhibiting a greater number of personality traits were also significantly more symptomatic. The results suggested a possible link beteween panic disorder and personality disorder. And, general factors such as depression, social or interpersonal sensitivity might provide a much better explanation of personality disorders in panic patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.234-244
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• 2020

Background: Chronic pain affects approximately 22% of the world's population. Opioids can be useful in chronic pain management. However, some patients have negative perception of opioids. The purpose of this research was to evaluate patients' perception about opioids and investigate problems associated with prescribing and taking opioids in South Korea. Methods: Patients who visited a pain clinic in 14 university hospitals of South Korea from September through October 2018 were asked to complete anonymous questionnaires about taking opioids. Results: Of the 368 patients that were surveyed (female 53.3%, male 46.7%), 56.8% were prescribed opioids. In the opioid group, 92.8% patients had heard of opioids from their doctor and 72.6% of them had a positive perception about opioids. The side effects associated with opioid use were constipation (35.4%), dizziness (24.6%), nausea and vomiting (17.4%), dysuria (6.2%), and addiction (2.0%). In the no opioid group, the primary sources of information about opioids were doctors (49.2%), mass media (30.8%), and the internet (16.2%). The main reasons why 39.0% patients did not take opioids were fear of addiction (57.7%) and side effects (38.5%). There were 71.5% and 60.9% patients in the opioid and no opioid group, respectively, who wished to take opioids when their numeric rating scale pain score was ≥ 7. Conclusions: Perception of opioids among patients who take them was either neutral or positive. However, 39.0% patients who have not been prescribed opioids did not want an opioid prescription, citing fear of addiction and side effects as the primary reasons.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2012

A $SO_2$ gas acceleration test was carried out on four textile groups (silk, cotton, ramie cloth, hemp cloth) which were categoried in five categories by the dyeing materials (undyed, red, yellow, blue, black) and the relation between the concentration of $SO_2$ and deterioration rate was evaluated. The textiles were exposed to 0.01, 0.12, 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 5000 ppm of $SO_2$ for 24 hours and the optical, physical, and chemical deterioration rates were studied. An optical change was identified as the color difference and grey scale rating (colorfastness) enhanced with the increase of gas concentration while there was little physical change. Chemical damage was caused by the acidification of the textile material due to the trapped sulfate ion concentration. The result of optical, physical, and chemical deterioration rates shows that 1 ppm/day $SO_2$ is a critical level of deterioration of traditional textiles.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.268-274
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: A large scale of sediment load delivered from watershed causes substantial waterway damages and water quality degradation. Controlling sediment loading requires the knowledge of the soil erosion and sedimentation. The various factors such as watershed size, slope, climate, land use may affect sediment delivery processes. Traditionally sediment delivery ratio prediction equations have been developed by relating watershed characteristics to measured sediment yield divided by predicted gross erosion. However, sediment prediction equations have been developed for only a few regions because of limited sediment data. Besides, little research has been done on the prediction of sediment delivery ratio for asia monsoon period in mountainous watershed. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study Tank model was expanded and applied for estimating sediment yield to Oship River of east coast. The rainfall-runoff in 2006 was verified using the Tank model and we derived good result between observed and calculated discharge in 2009 at the same conditions. In relation to sediment yield, the sediment delivery rate of 2006 was very high than 2009 regardless of methods for estimating sediment load. It was thought to be affected by heavy rainfall due to the typhoon. CONCLUSION(s): For estimating sediment volume from watershed, long-term monitoring data on discharge and sediment is needed. This model will be able to apply to predict discharge and sediment yield simultaneously in ungauged area. This approach is more effective and less expensive method than the traditional method which needs a lot of data collection.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.6114-6125
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• 2014

This paper analyzed the issues related to focus on farmers behaviors of energy saving facilities. This study conducted questionnaire and field surveys of controlled horticulture farmers and economic analysis using an IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) matrix. According to the research results, the performance level was low on average ranging from 2.33 to 2.56 in a five point Likert-scale on greenhouse mandarin and grape-related facilities. On the other hand, the importance levels were high in the mean rating from 2.69 to 4.8. The results show that energy loss reduction of complementary facility and alternative energy supply support for low cost implementation are more important in terms of the respondents concerns than performance quadrant III. Therefore, it is important to provide financial support to energy-saving facilities to promote the use of energy efficiency improvement. In addition, the government should invest continuously in research and development.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) of affected spinal cord on motor recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. Methods: After a contusion injury at the spinal level T9 using an NYU Impactor, functional magnetic stimulation was delivered by a magnetic stimulator through a round prototype coil (7 cm in diameter). Stimulation parameters were set as follows: repetition rate = 50 Hz (stimulus intensity 100% = 0.18 T), stimulation time = 20 min. Functional magnetic stimulation was administered twice a day, 5 days per week for 8 weeks starting 4 days after spinal cord injury. Functional magnetic stimulationwas delivered directly to the affected spinal cord. Outcomes of locomotor performance were assessed by the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and by an inclined plane test weekly for 8 weeks. Results: In the BBB test, hindlimb motor function in the Functional magnetic stimulation group improved significantly more compared to the control group at 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 weeks (p<0.05). In the inclined plane test, the angle of the plane in the functional magnetic stimulation group increased significantly more compared to the control group at 4, 5, 7, and 8 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that direct Functional magnetic stimulation of the lesional site may have beneficial effects on motor improvement after spinal cord injury.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4 s.60
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

This study has developed Forest Fire Occurrence Danger Index (FFODI) using fuel and topographical characteristics for the practical purposes of forecasting forest fire occurrence danger rating. This was made on the basis of the 126 forest fire site according to field survey. The result of fire frequency analysis showed 87 sites on conifer $(69\%)$, 21 on mixed $(16.7\%)$ and 18 $(14.3\%)$ on non-conifer. The scale for Fuel Model Index(FMI) ranges from 1 to 10 and Topography Model Index(TMI) from 1 to 5. FMI is 10 on the conifer, 3 on the mixed and 2 on the non-conifer. In case of topographical analysis, it was estimated that 90 site $(71.4\%)$ of ignition point was bottom foot hill and 22 site $(17.5\%)$ was on the southwest. TMI in southwest direction is 5.0, 4.5 in the northwest and the northeast, 4.0 in the southeast and the south, 2.5 in the north and the west and 1.5 in the east. TMI in the bottom foot hill is 5 in the bottom foot hill, 1.5 in the upper foot hill, 1.0 in the bottom middle slope and 0.5 in the upper middle slope and bottom ridge.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been performed under regional and general anesthesia (GA). The general anesthesia versus local anesthesia for carotid surgery study compared the two techniques and concluded that there was no difference in perioperative outcomes. However, since this trial, new sedative agents have been introduced and devices that improve the delivery of regional anesthesia (RA) have been developed. The primary purpose of this pilot study was to compare intraoperative hemodynamic stability and postoperative outcomes between GA and ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus block (UGSCPB) under dexmedetomidine sedation for CEA. Methods: Medical records from 43 adult patients who underwent CEA were retrospectively reviewed, including 16 in the GA group and 27 in the RA group. GA was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. The UGSCPB was performed with ropivacaine under dexmedetomidine sedation. We compared the intraoperative requirement for vasoactive drugs, postoperative complications, pain scores using the numerical rating scale, and the duration of hospital stay. Results: There was no difference between groups in the use of intraoperative antihypertensive drugs. However, intraoperative inotropic and vasopressor agents were more frequently required in the GA group (p<0.0001). In the GA group, pain scores were significantly higher during the first 24 h after surgery (p<0.0001 between 0-6 h, p<0.004 between 6-12 h, and p<0.001 between 12-24 h). The duration of hospital stay was significantly more in the GA group ($13.3{\pm}4.6days$ in the GA group vs. $8.5{\pm}2.4days$ in the RA group, p<0.001). Conclusion: In this pilot study, intraoperative hemodynamic stability and postoperative outcomes were better in the RA compared to the GA group.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.743-751
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• 2019

This case report suggests the potential effects of Korean medicine for the gait disturbance and posture instability of Multiple System Atrophy-Parkinsonism (MSA-P). A patient with MSA-P who had gait disturbance and posture instability was given a series of Korean medicine, including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, electro-acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine, for 15 days of hospitalization. During the hospitalization period, the severity and progression of the disease was measured with the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) and a video recording of a 20-meter round timed walking test. The UMSARS Part I and II scores decreased from 14 to 5 and 9 to 5, respectively. An improvement was also noted in standing and walking posture, and the walking time was shortened from 30 to 25 seconds in the 20-meter round-trip walking test. Dysarthria, dysphagia, and non-motoring symptoms like sleep behavioral disorders and constipation were also improved. The findings of this case study suggest that this series of Korean medicine has potential therapeutic effects for patients with MSA-P with motor and non-motor symptoms.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.119-142
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• 2014

This study aims to evaluate the factors which affect the competitiveness of Gwangyang port, and to suggest strategies for the enhancement of its competitiveness by priority. This study inquires both 5 key rating factors: port location, port operations management, port costs, port facilities, and hinterland conditions and the priority of 14 detailed assessments through AHP method. First, the importances of main evaluation items for port competitiveness are analysed in the following orders: port location, port facilities, port costs, port operations, hinterland conditions. Second, the comprehensive importances based on the detailed evaluation properties complex weighting are identified in the following orders: connectivity with hinterland, accessibility of international harbor, incentives, the area of terminal, expertise and skills of port operations personnel, container throughput, and scale berths. Third, the strategies referring to the port location like centrality, transit, and merit on use should be actively conducted for the promotions of Gwangyang port's competitiveness, according to its international port competitiveness analysis. This study will provide both academic and policy implications with its related scholars, government, and research institutions. In addition, this will be contributed to formulating a basic theory for port competitiveness evaluation and providing a basic framework of evaluation analysis.