• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.17-33
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• 2001

In this paper, we implement the large variable vocabulary speech recognition system, which is characterized by no additional pre-training process and no limitation of recognized word list. We have designed the system in order to achieve the high recognition rate using the decision tree based state tying algorithm and in order to reduce the processing time using the gaussian selection based variable flooring algorithm, the limitation algorithm of the number of nodes and ENNS algorithm. The gaussian selection based variable flooring algorithm shows that it can reduce the total processing time by more than half of the recognition time, but it brings about the reduction of recognition rate. In other words, there is a trade off between the recognition rate and the processing time. The limitation algorithm of the number of nodes shows the best performance when the number of gaussian mixtures is a three. Both of the off-line and on-line experiments show the same performance. In our experiments, there are some differences of the recognition rate and the average recognition time according to the distinction of genders, speakers, and the number of vocabulary.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2010

Selection of fungal strains with high virulence against the developmental stages of Bemisia tabaci was performed using internal transcribed spacer regions. The growth rate of hyphae was measured and bioassay of each developmental stage of B. tabaci was conducted for seven days. All of the fungal strains tested were identified as Lecanicillium spp., with strain 4078 showing the fastest mycelium growth rate (colony diameter, 16.3 $\pm$ 0.9 mm) among the strains. Compared to strain 4075, which showed the slowest growth rate, the growth rate of strain 4078 was increased almost 2-fold after seven days. Strains 4078 and Btab01 were most virulent against the egg and larva stages, respectively. The virulence of fungal strains against the adult stage was high, except for strains 41185 and 3387. Based on the growth rate of mycelium and level of virulence, strains 4078 and Btab01 were selected as the best fungal strains for application to B. tabaci, regardless of developmental stage.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2014

In this brief report, alternative time-varying diversification rate models were fitted onto the phylogeny of global amphibians by considering one-constant-rate (OCR), one-continuous-shift (OCS) and multiple-discrete- shifts (MDS) situations. The OCS diversification model was rejected by ${\gamma}$ statistic (${\gamma}=-5.556$, p<0.001), implying the existence of shifting diversification rates for global amphibian phylogeny. Through model selection, MDS diversification model outperformed OCS and OCR models using "laser" package under R environment. Moreover, MDS models, implemented using another R package "MEDUSA", indicated that there were sixteen shifts over the internal nodes for amphibian phylogeny. Conclusively, both OCS and MDS models are recommended to compare so as to better quantify rate-shifting trends of species diversification. MDS diversification models should be preferential for large phylogenies using "MEDUSA" package in which any arbitrary numbers of shifts are allowed to model.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.849-853
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• 2014

In micro-scale electromechanical systems, the power to perform accurate position sensing often greatly exceeds the power needed to generate motion. This paper explores the implications of sampling rate and amplifier noise density selection on the performance of a system identification algorithm using a capacitive sensing circuit. Specific performance objectives are to minimize or limit convergence rate and power consumption to identify the dynamics of a rotary micro-stage. A rearrangement of the conventional recursive least-squares identification algorithm is performed to make operating cost an explicit function of sensor design parameters. It is observed that there is a strong dependence of convergence rate and error on the sampling rate, while energy dependence is driven by error that may be tolerated in the final identified parameters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.397-404
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• 2005

In this note, we characterize the limiting diffusion of a diploid model by defining the discrete generator for the resealed Markov chain. We conclude that this limiting diffusion model is with uncountable state space and mutation selection and special 'mutation or gene conversion rate'.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.146-155
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• 1992

The natural mixed stand in Jindong-Ri, according to a recent study, showed the possibility of selection cutting as a silvicultural system based on the stand structure such as DBH distribution and height distribution. However, volume structure per DBH class of this stand had not a mature stand of selection cutting. In this study, wherefore, the rate of increment for DBH and volume was used to predict the future stand structure including volume distribution per DBH class. The possibility of selection cutting was then discussed using the future stand structure. From the prediction of future stand structure for 30 years per every 10 years, it could be concluded that the stand will be induced to selection cutting forest because of enough number of trees in objective DBH class and above, total volume per hectare, and the volume of large DBH class which can be harvested every year. However, this stand still did not show the structure of typical selection cutting which has the rate of 1 : 2 : 7 in the number of trees per hectare and the volume rate of 5 : 3 : 2 for large, medium, and small DBH class. This problem could be improved by appropriate silvicultural treatments.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.28 no.A
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• pp.105-111
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• 2008

A typical AP (Access Point) selection policy is to select an AP based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), ignoring its load. If multiple stations are deployed densely at a particular area, a typical AP selection policy will bring about the overall network throughput degradation. This paper proposes a novel AP selection policy taking into consideration not only signal strength of the APs but also AP loads to avoid Hotspot congestion. An experiment on Alinker implementing proposed AP selection policy, demonstrates that the proposed policy achieves close to optimal load balancing and grants the maximum transmission rate to stations in comparison with SSF (Strongest-Signal-First) and LLF (Least-Loaded-First).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1995

A selection experiment with Romney Marsh sheep was used to evaluate direct responses to selection. Two flocks were maintained; a) the selection line formed in 1979 by the Romney Group Breeders to select for high prolificacy, defined as the number of live lambs born per ewe joined per year and b) a control line, established in 1982, where flock replacements were chosen at random. Predicted responses per year of birth female group and per year respectively were 0.033 and 0.027 live lambs. The rate of predicted response per year was within the theoretical expected range from 0.01 to 0.03 of the mean. The rates of realized response in prolificacy per year of birth female group and per year respectively were 0.026 and 0.021. These estimates of realized responses represented between 0.01 and 0.02 of the control line mean per year.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2003

This paper presents a novel heuristic mechanism, Dynamic-network Adapted Cost selection (DAC-selection), which has higher backup path sharing rate, lower number of blocked channel requests and number of used wavelengths fer reservation of working path and backup path by using unique cost function than that of widely used random selection (R-selection) mechanism and Combined Min-cost selection (CMC-selection) mechanism proposed by Lo, while maintaining 100% restoration capability.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2017

In this work, an efficient transmit antenna selection approach for the quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) systems is proposed. The conventional Euclidean distance antenna selection (EDAS)-based schemes in QSM have too high computational complexity for practical use. The proposed antenna selection algorithm is based on approximation of the EDAS decision metric employed for QSM. The elimination of imaginary parts in the decision metric enables decoupling of the approximated decision metric, which enormously reduces the complexity. The proposed method is also evaluated via simulations in terms of symbol error rate (SER) performance and compared with the conventional EDAS methods in QSM systems.