• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 2011

Objectives : The Aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of male and female patients who have been suffered from headaches. The investigation was undertaken based on Qi-section(Methods of prescribing oriental herbal medicine) from DongEuiBoGam(東醫寶鑑). Methods: A statistical survey was conducted to compare the difference in clinical characteristics between male and female patients experiencing headaches. Oriental medical Diagnosis was used to classify all parients under the following categories Qi-deficiency (氣虛), Jing-dificiency (精虛), Food-stagnation (食積), Damp-accumulation (痰飮), Qi-stagnation (氣滯). Patients were treated using acupuncture therapy and herbal medicines. Results : 1. The ratio between male and female patients was about 1:3. 2. It showed that periods of illness were longer in female patients than in male patients. 3. The total number of treatments received was higher in female patients than in male patients. 4. Statistically, most female patients had Metopodynia and Migraines(Rt.), while male patients suffered mostly from Laryngalgia. 5. Male patients had feelings of strain in the head and female patients had splitting headaches. 6. Musculo-skeletal System and General Symptoms were frequently observed in male patients. Digestive System and Nervous System were frequently observed in female patients. 7. Results from oriental medical Diagnosis showed that male patients mostly had Qi-deficiency, ling-deficiency while the majority of female patients had Food-stagnation, Damp-accumulation, Qi-stagnation. 8. The recovery time for male patients was shorter than it was for female patients. The recurrence rate of the headaches were higher for female patients. Prognosis was better than in female patients in comparison to male patients. Conclusions : The statistical survey conducted was based on Qi-section of DongEuiBoGam. It had significant differences in clinical characteristics between male & femal patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4357-4361
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• 2012

Objective: The guidelines on indications for prophylactic use of Bacille Calmette-Gu$\acute{e}$rin (BCG) against non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have changed over the years. In order to assess the impact on outcome, the present retrospective comparison of BCG efficacy by time period with Japanese patients was conducted. Patients and Methods: A total of 146 cases of NMIBC treated with BCG since February 1985 were retrospectively evaluated. All patients received 80 mg of BCG (Tokyo 172 strain) six to eight times a week for prophylactic use. Comparison was made among three historical groups (Group A: 1980's, 39 cases; Group B: 1990's, 61 cases; Group C: 2000's, 46 cases). Results: In total, recurrence was seen in 55 of the 146 cases (37.7%), and progression in 14 (9.6%), 1 patient dying of cancer. These overall results were similar to those outlined in previous reports. However, the outcomes of this time-period-based analysis indicated a tendency for a shorter time to recurrence in patients after 2000, although a log-rank test showed no significance (P=0.229). Seven of the cases featuring progression (i.e., half of all such cases) were among the 46 Group C patients (15.2%). Excluding these progressive cases, there was no significant difference among the remaining 132 patients in the three groups. Conclusion: This study results revealed a tendency for a lower non-recurrence rate after 2000 in our series. This could stem from a number of factors, including changes in BCG indication criteria and the evolution of histopathological diagnostic criteria.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 1988

This study was performed to investigate the effect of lactose in 4 different concentrations against the protective effect of calcium on the acute lead poisoning in rats after 4 weeks treatment. In this animal experiment, 70 albino male weanling rats (50-70g of body weight) of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. Lead was dissolved in the distilled water and intubated at the dose of 400mg lead (as acetate)/ kg of body weight/day. Calcium and lactose were administered in drinking water ad libiturn dissolved with the solution of 0.7% calcium gluconate mixed with 40, 80, 160 and 320mM lacotse respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The rate of body weight gain in all treated groups turned out to be lower than that in the control group during 4 weeks treatment. The slow-down of body weight gain was the most significantly observed in the group treated with lead only ( p < 0.05). 2. The relative spleen weight in lead only treated group was significantly lower than that of lead + calcium, lead + calcium + 80mM lactose treated group ( p < 0.05). 3. The value of RBC, WBC, Hb and Hct showed a decreasing tendency in the group treated with lead only ( p < 0.05), however, a significant decrease was not observed in the group treated with lead + calcium. On the other hand, the protective effect of calcium was deteriorated in the group treated with lead + calcium + lactose. 4. The activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ($\delta$-ALAD activity) showed the same tendency as No. 2. 5. The lead concentration in the blood (PbB) showed an increasing tendency and the interrelation among the different groups was also identical with No. 2. 6. With a statistical approach, it was found out that the activity of $\delta$-ALAD and the lead concentration in the blood show a relation of inverse proportion(r=-0.7301). The diagram was interpreted with the logarithmic equation InY = 5.5357-0.0251X (X:PbB, Y:$\delta$-ALAD activity). 7. In the histopathological findings of the kidney, the protective effect of calcium was observed. However, the protective effect of calcium was restricted in the group treated with lead + calcium + lactose. As a conclusion, the intensity of the acute ingested lead poisoning was obviously reduced by calcium, however, the protective effect of calcium was deteriorated in proportion with the concentration of the lactose to be administered. On the other hand, it was also noted that the deterioration was lightly restrained in the group treated with the physiological concentration of 80mM lactose than the results shown in the groups treated with lactose of other concentrations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3093-3097
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• 2014

Background: Cancer is a major threat to the public health whether in developed or in developing countries. As the most common primary malignant tumor, the morbidity and mortality rate of lung cancer continues to rise in recent ten years worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods in the treatment of lung cancer, but this is hampered by chemotherapy drug resistance, especially MDR. As a component of the 60S large ribosomal subunit, ribosomal protein L39-L gene was reported to be expressed specifically in the human testis and human cancer samples of various tissue origins. Materials and Methods: Total RNA of cultured drug-resistant and susceptible A549 cells was isolated, and real time quantitative RT-PCR were used to indicate the transcribe difference between amycin resistant and susceptible strain of A549 cells. Viability assay were used to show the amycin resistance difference in RPL39-L transfected A549 cell line than control vector and null-transfected A549 cell line. Results: The ribosomal protein L39-L transcription level was 8.2 times higher in drug-resistant human lung cancer A549 cell line than in susceptible A549 cell line by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The ribosomal protein L39-L transfected cells showed enhanced drug resistance compared to plasmid vector-transfected or null-transfected cells as determined by methyl tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The ribosomal protein L39-L gene may have effects on the drug resistance mechanism of lung cancer A549 cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1122-1132
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• 2018

In this study, we attempted to find new and efficient microbial enzymes for producing rare sugars. A ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B (OsRpiB) was cloned, overexpressed, and preliminarily purified successfully from a newly screened Ochrobactrum sp. CSL1, which could catalyze the isomerization reaction of rare sugars. A study of its substrate specificity showed that the cloned isomerase (OsRpiB) could effectively catalyze the conversion of $\text\tiny{L}$-rhamnose to $\text\tiny{L}$-rhamnulose, which was unconventional for RpiB. The optimal reaction conditions ($50^{\circ}C$, pH 8.0, and 1 mM $Ca^{2+}$) were obtained to maximize the potential of OsRpiB in preparing $\text\tiny{L}$-rhamnulose. The catalytic properties of OsRpiB, including $K_m$, $k_{cat}$, and catalytic efficiency ($k_{cat}/K_m$), were determined as 43.47 mM, $129.4sec^{-1}$, and 2.98 mM/sec. The highest conversion rate of $\text\tiny{L}$-rhamnose under the optimized conditions by OsRpiB could reach 26% after 4.5 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful attempt of the novel biotransformation of $\text\tiny{L}$-rhamnose to $\text\tiny{L}$-rhamnulose by OsRpiB biocatalysis.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2015

The deformed degree of car body varies largely with the collision part from side collision of car-to-car. In case of deformation of car body caused by collision, the movement is different as speed energy changes to strain energy. Generally, in the analysis of traffic accident, the movement of car after the collision is analyzed by law of conservation of motion and the error of energy absorption rate along the deformation of car body can be calibrated by inputting coefficient of restitution, but it is current situation that coefficient of restitution applied by referring to the research results of forward collision and backward collision because the research results of side collision is rare. Vehicle model of finite element method applied by structure of car body and materials of each component was analyzed by explicit finite element method, and coefficient of restitution and collision detection time along contact part of side collision was drawn by analyzing the results. Analysis result acquired through the law of conservation momentum by applying finally-computed coefficient of restitution and crash detection time compared to collision result of actual vehicle. As a result, the reliability of analysis was higher than the existing analysis method were acquired when applying the drawn initial input value that used finite element method analysis model.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2017

Infections of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti are reported in many wild animals worldwide, but information on their incidence and molecular detection in Korean wild fields is limited. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii and B. microti infection in blood samples of 5 animal species (37 Chinese water deer, 23 raccoon dogs, 6 roe deer, 1 wild boar, and 3 Eurasian badgers) was examined during 2008-2009 in Gangwon-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea) by using serological and molecular tests. The overall seropositivity of T. gondii was 8.6% (6/70); 10.8% in Chinese water deer, 4.3% in raccoon dogs, and 16.7% in roe deer. PCR revealed only 1 case of T. gondii infection in Chinese water deer, and phylogenic analysis showed that the positive isolate was practically identical to the highly pathogenetic strain type I. In B. microti PCR, the positive rate was 5.7% (4/70), including 2 Chinese water deer and 2 Eurasian badgers. Phylogenetic analysis results of 18S rRNA and the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene showed that all positive isolates were US-type B. microti. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. microti detected in Chinese water deer and Eurasian badger from Korea. These results indicate a potentially high prevalence of T. gondii and B. microti in wild animals of Gangwon-do, Korea. Furthermore, Chinese water deer might act as a reservoir for parasite infections of domestic animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.542-550
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• 2020

The use of high-strength aluminum alloys for ships and of shore structures has many benefits compared to carbon steels. Recently, high-strength aluminum alloys have been widely used in onshore and of shore industries, and they are widely used for the side shell structures of special-purpose ships. Their use in box girders of bridge structures and in the topside of fixed platforms is also becoming more widespread. Use of aluminum material can reduce fuel consumption by reducing the weight of the composite material through a weight composition ratio of 1/3 compared to carbon steel. The characteristics of the stress strain relationship of an aluminum structure are quite different from those of a steel structure, because of the influence of the welding[process heat affected zone (HAZ). The HAZ of aluminum is much wider than that of steel owing to its higher heat conductivity. In this study, by considering the HAZ generated by metal insert gas (MIG) welding, the buckling and final strength characteristics of an aluminum reinforcing plate against longitudinal compression loads were analyzed. MIG welding reduces both the buckling and ultimate strength, and the energy dissipation rate after initial yielding is high in the range of the HAZ being 15 mm, and then the difference is small when HAZ being 25 mm or more. Therefore, it is important to review and analyze the influence of the HAZ to estimate the structural behavior of the stiffened plate to which the aluminum alloy material is applied.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

A methods to calculate non-linear moment-curvature relations of high-strength PSC flexural members for numerical analysis has been proposed. The moment-curvature relations were calculated with assumptions of design codes and by the layer method. The results of the proposed procedures for moment-curvature relations and numerical analysis were compared with those of pre-existing tests. The absorption energy rate of the design codes was about 30% larger than that of the layer method. The ultimate load and the external work of the layer method were 90% and 85% of those of tests, respectively The ultimate load of the strength design method was 97% of that of tests, but the external work was over-estimated with 122%. The ultimate load and external work by the proposed equation of the CEB-FIP Model Code were 113% and 173% of those of tests, respectively. It show that the use of ultimate strain of 0.0035 should be over-estimated for high-strength concrete. The procedure of non-linear numerical analysis of this research could be stably simulated the behavior of concrete flexural members until the ultimate state, and calculate results of the load-deflection relation and cracking pattern were very similar with those of tests.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2008

Bordetella pertussis is pathogenic bacteria causing pertussis, a infectious respiratory disease for the infants. The incidence rate of pertussis was significantly decreased after introduction of vaccine. However, increased pertussis cases are recently reported in several countries with high vaccine coverage. One of the inferred reasons is genotype or serotype variation between circulating strains and vaccine strains. Therefore, it is required to confirm the variation status of the isolates by genotype or serotype analysis and the possibility of pertussis outbreak in Korea should be estimated. For this, the serotype variations of the isolates from $1999\sim2006$ were investigated in agglutinogen and fimbriae. As the result, the most frequent serotype in the isolated strains was agglutinogen 1 and fimbriae 2 serotypes. Moreover, serotype transition from vaccine serotypes to non-vaccine serotypes was observed. Especially, the transition pattern of agglutinogen serotype was directed to increase a different type (agg 1) from the vaccine type (agg 1,2). However, in case of fimbriae, the same type (fim 2) with vaccine strain was increased. These results were also observed in other countries with increasing incidence of pertussis. For more predictable results to know increasing possibility of pertussis incidence in Korea, the studies on genetic variations of antigenic determinant genes and prevalence of antibody titer in normal population should be performed in the further.