• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effects of group exercise on physiological functions in Elderly. Method: The design of research was one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were sixty two elderly women persons over sixty years old to live in C-GUN, The exercise period was 12-weeks and frequency was three times per week. the exercise duration was sixty minites. In order to evaluate the effect of exercise, we measured %body fat, fat mass(FM), fat free mass(FFM), body mass index(BMI), body metabolic rate(BMR), Total Cholesterol(TC), Triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein-c(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-c(LDL-C) before and after the 12 week's group exercise program. The data analyzed by the paired t-test using SPSS package. Result: There was significant difference in FFM(p=.000), BMR(p=.000), HDL-C(p=.010). There was no significant difference in weight(p=.122), %body fat(p=.062),, FM(p=.704), BMI(p=.136), TC(p=.125), TG(p=.064), LDL-C(p=.575) Conclusion: This group exercise for elderly women can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for elderly women in a community.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1988

This study was conducted to obtain more detailed information on the characteristics of body fat distribution, genetic variation and correlation of fat amount at different location in broiler type chicken. A total of 429 offsprings, produced by mating 13 sires with 52 dams of WPR, were used for this study. All experimental analyses were made on dressed carcasses of 8 weeks of age. The average live body weight was 1,856g in male and 1,483g in female, the proportions of each part to live body weight were higher in male group except skin and abdominal fat pad. The total body fat was more in male (40.76g), but fat rate of total body, skin, and abdomen to live body weight were significantly higher in female group. The fat percentages in each body location were significantly higher in the fatty group and in each sex. The rates of abdominal fat to total body fat were increased by fattening, while subcutaneous fat percentages were lowered. There were high correlations between body weight and fat deposit in each location. The genetic correlation coefficients of body weight to fat percentages of skinned carcass, skin, abdomen, and total body fat to live body weight were negative in both sexes, but those to total body fat, eviscerated carcass fat, and skin fat were positive. In conclusion, the fat weight and fat percentage in individual chickens became higher by fattening however, genetic correlation between live body weight and percentages total body fat to live body weight were so low(negative) that decreasing body fat could be possible without decreasing body weight.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of yoga and health calisthenics program in the middle aged women on physiological index and life satisfaction. Methods: This research was an one group pretest-posttest design. A pre and post measurement tool of the program was applied to measure body weight, obesity, rate of body fat, vital capacity, inhalation rate of oxygen, sit-up, grasping power, total physical response, body anteversion, body mass index (BMI), total physical strength, physical strength, health age, life satisfaction. Data collected from this tool was analyzed by SPSS in paired t-test. Results: The results were summarized as follows: yoga program group, the body weight, obesity, BMI, %body fat of the decreased. The results of pulmonary yoga group, vital capacity and inhalation rate of oxygen, total physical strength examination results showed a significant difference. Conclusion: In this study, the yoga program was effective in positive on body composition and physical strength, life satisfaction in middle aged women.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modified fasting therapy using Gamrosu and herbal medicine on the changes of body compositions in women. We analyzed the medical records of 11 patients, who carried out modified fasting therapy at Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University. Body compositions (body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, extracellular water ratio, abdominal circumference, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, visceral fat area) were reviewed before and after modified fasting therapy. The body composition values (body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, extracellular water ratio, abdominal circumference, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, visceral fat area) decreased after modified fasting therapy. Results from this investigation showed that modified fasting therapy using Gamrosu and herbal medicine has positive effects on changes of body compositions.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

We examined the prevalence of sarcopenia and age-related changes in body composition in Korean older persons. Community dwelling 77 men and 65 women($60{\sim}88\;yr$) were recruited for this study. Fat-free mass and the percent body fat were determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Isometric grip strength was measurement using grip strength dynamometer. Serum levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were assayed. The prevalence of sarcopenia was found to increase with aging (men in their sixties 82.6%, seventies 96.6% and eighties 100%, and women in their sixties 47.4%, seventies 63%). In both gender groups, handgrip strength was inversely correlated with age and positively correlated with height, lean mass, and fat free mass. Better handgrip strength was related with higher weight in the men and with lower heart rate in the women. Fat free mass, age, and gender were found to be independent factors significantly associated with handgrip strength in the multivariate analysis. In summary, results of the present study suggest that handgrip strength is well associated with age, gender, and fat free mass and the prevalence of sarcopenia is increased with age and is exceeded by 40% among Korean persons older than 60 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.624-634
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to classify body types of elderly male aged between 60 and 80. 40 direct items and 22 indexes were measured. The result were as follows. First. through the factor analysis of indexes, 8 factors were extracted upon factor scores, 4 clusters represented characteristics of elderly male's body type. Type 1 indicates flat and bend-forward type. Type 2 indicates fat and bend-forward type. Type 3 indicates lean-back type and is a little bit fat and the waist is round. Type 4 indicates a straight type in which the chest and the hip are developed. Second, drop was needed to discriminate elderly male's body type. 3 types of drop were extracted. The body type with big drop is Y type in which the drop distance is between 14 and 22cm. The body type with standard drop is A type in which the drop distance is between 6 and 14cm. The body type with small drop is B type in which the drop distance is between -4 and 6cm. Third, when the types of appearance rate were combined, 7 body types of elderly male showed high appearance rate; A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, A4, B4. According to the above result, flat and bended-forward type with drop A was dominant body type of elderly male.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

Objective : The purposes of this study are to evaluate the effect of zymolysis-dietotherapy with herbal formula on the obesity and to improve the oriental medical methods of treatment in obesity patients. Methods : Forty one patients were classified into four groups(Normal, Overweight, 1st Obesity, 2nd Obesity) by Body Mass Index(BMI). Weight, body fat rate, BMI and obesity index were compared in each group by paired t-test. Results : The weight, BMI and obesity index were decreased significantly in all groups. Except normal group, the body fat were decreased significantly. The body fat rate were decreased significantly in 1st obesity and 2nd obesity groups. Conclusions : From these results, it could be concluded that zymolysis-dietotherapy with herbal medication is effective on obesity care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.664-671
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• 2002

To investigate the effects of different type of dietary fat on survival metabolism of fasting rats, one group rats (FO) were fasted, another one group rats (BM) were fed normal diet and the others were fed only one of the following fat diets: beef tallow (FT), corn oil (FC), and perilla oil (FP) of 11.4g/kg respectively. Most FO group rats survived for 6 days and large part of the only-fat-diet groups rats survived for 16 days. Body weights of all rats in fasting and only-fat-groups, measured just one day prior to death owing to fasting or caloric malnutrition, decreased by 24.5%~25% only-fat to fasting rat somewhat extended the survival time but the specific properties of dietary fat types had no remarkably differential effect on survival time and body weight gain rate. The features of liver and kidney weight gain rate of all rats in fasting and only-fat-diet groups were similar to those of body weight gain rate. In FO groups blood levels of total-cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose markedly reduced whereas GPT activities and BUN levels considerably increased as compared to BM group. However the types of dietary fat perse did not affect blood total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, BUN levels, and GPT activities in early stage of fasting in FC and FP group. GPT activities in rats of FP group just prior to death of starvation seemed to be affected by the dietary fat types. The results showed that only-fat-feeding to fasting rats somewhat extended survival time but the types of dietary fat had no remarkably differential effect on survival time and metabolism of fasting rats.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.109-119
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• 2007

In order to study the effects of Pinus densiflora on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, we divided the rats into groups(Normal group, Control group and Sample group) and perfomed the experimental research. Hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats were induced by high fat diets for 8weeks. The sample group was administerd the extract of Pinus densiflora for 14 days and control group was administerd equal dose of oral. And then we measured the amount of serum triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Free Fatty Acid, phospholipid, Insuline, Laptin, Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell, Cardiac Risk Factor(CRF). The results were as followers : 1. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Total cholesterol, Trigylceride, LDL-cholesterol, and Phospholipid levels in serum and CRF significantly. 2. Sample Group showed increasing effects on HDL-cholesterol level in serum significantly. 3. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Insuline in serum significantly. 4. Sample Group showed increasing effects on Laptin in serum significantly. 5. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell significantly. According to the above results, Pinus densiflora showed significant decreasing effects on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, it is considered that it is appropriate to apply for hyperlipidemia, obesity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives: Considering that homeothermy is a major component of metabolic rate, body temperature might play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and abdominal temperature in Korean, premenopausal, obese women. Methods: Weight and height were measured in 26 premenopausal, obese women to calculate body mass index (BMI). Obesity was defined as a $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$. Waist circumference (WC) was also measured as well as abdominal fat by computed tomography (CT) and abdominal temperature by digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI). Results: Visceral abdominal fat area was found to have a significant negative correlation with the temperature of Guanyuan (CV4, lower abdomen acupoint). We also found the visceral-subcutaneous fat ratio had a significant negative correlation with the temperature of CV4 and Right Tianshu (RST25, lateral navel acupoint). Only visceral fat and its ratio to subcutaneous fat had a significant correlation with abdominal temperature. Subcutaneous fat area and total fat area were not correlated with abdominal temperature. Conclusions: This study suggests that abdominal visceral fat has a significant negative correlation with abdominal temperature. Further study is needed to uncover the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and temperature regulation in obese individuals and to define the role of body temperature in the pathogenesis of obesity.