• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2008

Sulfur containing compounds in garlic have all be used as one of the traditional folk medicine as well as food source. The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidative compounds of 1-methyl-1-cysteine, dimethyl trisulfide and 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin. The antioxidative activity of sulfur containing compounds on human LDL was investigated by monitoring a thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS). Sulfur containing compounds inhibited on oxidation of LDL mediated by $CuSO_4$ and macrophages in dose dependent manner with almost completely inhibition at $80{\mu}g/ml$. Antioxidant activities of sulfur containing compounds on LDL oxidation were 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin, 1-methyl-1-cysteine, and dimethyl trisulfide in order. Inhibitory effects of sulfur containing compounds on oxidation of LDL mediated by $CuSO_4$ and macrophages were degraded at much greater rate than native LDL, the LDL oxidation process was arrested as shown by the lower conjugated dienes formation at the concentration of $60{\mu}g/ml$. Sulfur containing compounds in garlic revealed at high antioxidative activity at low physiological concentration for human LDL oxidation in vitro specially, it was indicated that the antioxidative activity of 3-viny l-4H-1,2-dithiin was higher than that of the other sulfur containing compounds.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.399-405
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to analyze the effects on antioxidative, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (PT) stem extracts. The total phenolic contents of hot water and ethanol extracts from PT stems were 61.5 mg TAE/g and 122.1 mg TAE/g, respectively. The antioxidative activities of hot water and ethanol extracts from PT stem were measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of ethanol extract and butanol fraction were approximately 95% and 92% at 1 mg/ml, respectively, and the SOD activities of ethanol extract and butanol fraction were about 91% and 97% at 1 mg/ml, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activities of ethanol extract and butanol fraction from PT stem increased remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner and were higher than in the hot water extracts. Compared to the acarbose, a known anti-diabetic drug, which was used as a positive control, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory capacity of PT stem showed a strong inhibitory rate in ethanol extract and in butanol and hexane fractions. We investigated the effect of hot water extract from PT stem on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Hot water extract from PT stem inhibited LPS-induced NO production up to 40% at a treatment of 1 mg/ml. These results suggest that PT stem extracts have an effect on antioxidative, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and thus have great potential as antidiabetic materials and a source for natural health products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1059-1064
• /
• 1996

The inhibitory effects of chitosan on mutagenicity induced by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b] indole (Trp-P-2), sodium azide (SA), 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay and SOS Chromotest. In Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Chitosan showed 24-65% of inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of an indirect-acting mutagen, Trp-P-2. On the other hand, no inhibitory effect was observed against the mutagenicity of direct-acting mutagens (2-NF, SA). In SOS chromotest. chitosan showed 46-49% effects on SOS function induced by 4-NQO. Chitosan inhibited the mutagenicity induced by Trp-P-2 with 9-39% of inhibition rate. It was also evaluated whether inhibitory effect of chitosan is due to its bio-antimutagenic or desmutagenic action. Chitosan at high concentrations showed a bio-antimutagenicity with dose-dependent manner, but it showed a desmutagenicity at low concentrations against the mutation induced by Trp-P-2.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.645-650
• /
• 2001

A study was carried out to establish the detection method for irradiated cereals. Cereals were ground and irradiated at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15 kGy using a $Co^{60}$ irradiator. The viscosities decreased in all samples by increasing irradiation dose. The viscosity of the Panicum millaceum (Korean) and Andropogon sorghum (Korean) paste dropped from $143.38{\pm}0.44$ and $35.92{\pm}1.90$ in the control to $6.60{\pm}1.16$ and $3.86{\pm}0.32$, respectively, in the samples irradiated at 15 kGy. These trends were similar to samples from china. Regression equation and coefficients of viscosity of Panicum millaceum (Korean and China) and Andropogon sorghum (Korean and China) were 0.80 (y=-27.789x＋150.17), 0.98 (y=-3.367x＋88.93), 0.84 (y=-6.0466x＋35.49) and 0.84 (y=-13.346x＋101.67) at 50 rpm. All samples resulted in a decrease in specific parameter by increasing rpm after irradiation. Parameter values showed dose-dependent relationship between unirradiated and irradiated samples and indicated that all values of unirradiated samples were higher than the irradiated ones. These results suggest that the detection of irradiated cereals at various doses using viscometric methods is possible.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 1988

The effect of ammonia and glutamine on nitrogenase activity of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was examined. The nitrogenase activity of this strain was inhibited by ammonia and glutamine. When ammonia and glutamine were exhausted, nitrogenase activity promptly resumed at its original rate. Methionine sulfoximine (MSX), irreversible glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor, is a structural analogue of glutamate. MSX was used in order to know whether the nitrogenase activity was inhibited by ammonia and glutamine directly or not. The ability of MSX to prevent nitrogenase switch-off by ammonia was found to be dependent upon the phase of culture. When the cells were sampled after 12 hour culture, $500{\mu}M$ MSX would not prevent the nitrogenase switch-off by ammonia. Twenty one percents of GS actibity was inhibited by $500{\mu}M$ of MSX and concentration of released ammonia decreased. But nitrogenase activiy was still inhibited by ammonia. However, nitrogenase switch-off after 20 hours would be prevented by $100{\mu}M$ of MSX. On the other hand, GS activity was ingibited completely by $100{\mu}M$ MSX and concentration of released ammonia somewhat increased. But nitrogenase activity was not inhibited. The data indicated that the inhibition of in vivo nitrogenase actibity of Rp. sphaeroides by ammonia seemed to be mediated by products of ammonia assimilation rather than by ammonia itself.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.397-407
• /
• 2010

Purpose : The F9 gene is known to be the causative gene for hemophilia B, but unfortunately the detection rate for restriction fragment length polymorphism-based linkage analysis is only 55.6%. Direct DNA sequencing can detect 98% of mutations, but this alternative procedure is very costly. Here, we conducted multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) to perform a screened DNA sequencing for the F9 gene, and we compared the results with direct sequencing in terms of accuracy, cost, simplicity, and time consumption. Methods : A total of 27 unrelated hemophilia B patients were enrolled. Direct DNA sequencing was performed for 27 patients by a separate institute, and multiplex PCR-CSGE screened sequencing was done in our laboratory. Results of the direct DNA sequencing were used as a reference, to which the results of the multiplex PCR-CSGE screened sequencing were compared. For the patients whose mutation was not detected by the 2 methods, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was conducted. Results : With direct sequencing, the mutations could be identified from 26 patients (96.3%), whereas for multiplex PCRCSGE screened sequencing, the mutations could be detected in 23 (85.2%). One patient's mutation was identified by MLPA. A total of 21 different mutations were found among the 27 patients. Conclusion : Multiplex PCR-CSGE screened DNA sequencing detected 88.9% of mutations and reduced costs by 55.7% compared with direct DNA sequencing. However, it was more labor-intensive and time-consuming.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 1993

Intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) and fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to examine the effects of ethanol on the rate and range of lateral diffusion of bulk bilayer structures of plasma membrane vesicles isolated from cultured mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0-Ag14 (Sp2/0-PMV). In a concentration-dependent manner, ethanol increased the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in the Sp2/0-PMV and decreased the anisotropy (r), limiting anisotropy $(r_{\infty})$, and order parameter (S) of DPH in the Sp2/0-PMV. This indicates that ethanol increased both the lateral and rotational diffusion of the probes in the Sp2/0-PMV. Selective quenching of DPH by trinitrophenyl groups was utilized to examine the transbilayer asymmetric rotational diffusion of the Sp2/0-PMV. The anisotropy (r), limiting anisotropy $(r_{\infty})$, and order parameter (S) of DPH in the inner monolayer were 0.022, 0.029, and 0.063, respectively, greater than calculated for the outer monolayer of the Sp2/0-PMV. Selective quenching of DPH by trinitrophenyl groups was also utilized to examine the transbilayer asymmetric effects of ethanol on the range of rotational diffusion of the Sp2/0-PMV. Ethanol had a greater fluidizing effect on the outer monolayer as compared to the inner monolayer of the Sp2/0-PMV. It has been proven that ethanol exhibits a selective rather than nonselective fluidizing effect within transbilayer domains of the Sp2/0-PMV.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.54-59
• /
• 1999

In order to investigate the behavior of the herbicide metolachlor [2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)aceto-O-toluidide] in fish, carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) were exposed to the herbicide at $LC_{10}$(1.93 mg/L) for 4 days. Metolachlor dissolved in water was absorbed rapidly into carps to mark the maximum concentration 6 hours after exposure. The amounts of the $^{14}C$-metolachlor and its metabolites absorbed in gall were much higher than those in the other parts, strongly suggesting that biliary excretion involving enterohepatic recirculation could be an important route for the elimination of metolachlor. The $^{14}C$-radioactivity distributed into aqueous phase fraction in test water and in carp extract was increased in time-dependent manner. Extraction rate of $^{14}C$ absorbed in carp tissues was decreased remarkably up to 6 hours after exposure, suggesting that the possible polar metabolites of metolachlor were transformed into the conjugates to form non-extractable bound residues.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.444-454
• /
• 2015

This study reports on initial founder performance and satisfaction that is affected by mentoring skills and mentoring functions. Through the empirical analysis, seen the initial founder performance and satisfaction as a respective dependent variable, this study intends to provide efficient direction of the responsibility mentor and present a method that enhances the survival of the initial start-up founder. The frequency analysis was conducted to determine the general characteristics of the sample, by leveraging the statistical package SPSS 20.0 for Windows program, details of the items measuring tools present a statistical analysis of sample data, 120 people have gathered in the survey data for this factor analysis was performed with a correlation to classify each region was calculated to Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ factor to determine the reliability of the measurement tool, and tested the hypothesis using linear regression analysis for verification. Was found to play an important role to draw the founder and mentor mentoring skills and capabilities in early stage start-ups, and conclusions drawn from this process. In particular, modeling of the mentor with a sound mind and behavior brought the better performance and satisfaction of the initial start-up founder. If a mentor provides mentoring with more interests in career development and psychosocial functions of the mentoring functions, it is seen to be more efficient way to improve survival rate of initial start-up as well as increasing a founder's performance and satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.673-678
• /
• 2001

To investigate effects of ethylacetate fraction of onion(EFO) on serum lipid metabolism in rats fed high cholesterol diet, four groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 100 g were given a high cholesterol diet of 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate and EFO containing three concentrations (1%, 3% and 10%), respectively for 6 weeks. growth rate of the hypercholesterolemic group (control group) was higher than the normal group, whereas the groups given EFO showed a decreasing trends, compared with the control group, especially the most excellent effect in 10% of EFO, but any differences were not found between groups in feed efficiency ratio. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in EFO suplemented-grups than control group in dose dependent manner. EFO increased HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and lowered atherogenic index. Free cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not decreased significantly with in 6 weeks, but cholesteryl ester concentration was significantly decreased in EFO suplemented groups than control group, and in case of serum phospholipid concentration, EFO was not showed significantly effect, but it gradually increased the level, compared with the control group. Therefore, it might be expected that ethylacetate fraction of onion is believed to be a possible protective or curative effects for the fatty liver and hyperlipidemia-induced by a high cholesterol diet.