• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1421-1428
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• 2013

In this paper, we would like to test whether the hit at a particular bat has a dependency with the hitting results at the previous bats in professional baseball games. For this purpose, we used the 2011 Korean Baseball League data. We find out that the hitting percentage at a particular bat has no dependency with the hit at the previous bat, after reviewing the conditional probability of hit at each bat and the lift. From the independence test of hits at consecutive bats, and hit at a particular bat with no hits at previous bats, we can conclude that hits at particular bats are not dependent on the hits at previous bats in most cases. Hence, we can safely conclude that a hit at a particular bat is statistically independent from the hits at the previous bats.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.40-45
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce a mobile-type tiny sensor device that can classify the activities of daily living based on the state-dependent motion analysis using a 3-axial accelerometer in real-time. The device consists of an accelerometer, GPS module, 32bit micro-controller for sensor data processing and activity classification, and a bluetooth module for wireless data communication. The size of device is 50*47*14(mm) and lasts about 10 hours in operation-mode and 160 hours in stand-by mode. Up to now, the device can recognize three user activities ("Upright", "Running", "Walking") based on the decision tree. This tree is constructed by the pre-learning process to activities of subjects. The accuracy rate of recognizing activities is over 90% for various subjects.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.103-113
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aims to identify the effects of environmental characteristics of the community on adults' drinking problems with held constant effects of characteristics of drinkers themselves. Methods: A multi-level regression analysis was employed to differentiate the variances accounted for by measurements both at individual and group levels. Data on individual demographic, behavioral, and mental health status were obtained from the Community Health Survey conducted in 2009 in the province of Kyunggido, which include 41,376 respondents aged 19 and over. This study included 28,335 adults who were classified as drinkers. They were from 45 communities(si, gun, or gu) for which data on contextual characteristics were collected by secondary data available on local government websites and KOSIS(Korea Statistical Information System). Results: Multi-level analyses showed that the variance of the dependent variable, harmful use of alcohol measured by alcohol use disorder identification test was independently accounted for by variance of independent variables at group level, including number of on-premises alcohol outlet per inhabitant and divorce rate, with held other independent variables of the model controlled. Conclusions: This study confirms that in order to prevent and reduce harms caused by harmful use of alcohol requires restricting physical availability of alcohol in the community where the drinker lives.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1993

The effects of genetic and environmental factors on productivity of a cloned protein were studied in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plasmid stability and copy level were very high for a $REP^+$ system(at ca. 10 generations, stability: 65-90%, plasmid copy number per cell: 40-200), whereas these were very low for a yep- system(at ca. 10 generations, stability: 30%, plasmid copy number per cell 20). In plasmids containing the $2{\mu}m$ circle genome, a $[cir^o]$ strain was a preferred host cell since the plasmid stability and the copy number in a $[cir^o]$ strain were higher than in a $[cir^+]$strain. Cloned gene expression was dependent on plasmid copy number and stability. The inducer (galactose) level played a very important role in cloned lacZ gene expression, showing that a galactose concentration of 0.8% was sufficient for induction of gene expression. Induction rate was very fast in the case of plasmids exhibiting high stability and copy number by a factor of 4 to 25. The time to reach the peak value of gene expression was longer when galactose was added at the start of fermentation (ca. 26 hours) than at the mid-exponential phase (ca. 6 hours). Glucose repression was reduced by a factor of 2 to 5 as the relative inducer level increased.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2009

As the number of personal computers installed in vehicles increases, a touchpad often used in a labtop computer can be used for the control of an in-vehicle information system (IVIS). Using a touchpad to control the system allows the user to select among large amount of information with a single touch of dragging. For safety and convenience of a driver, the touchpad could be placed on a steering wheel. This research is designed to calculate the most efficient Control-Response Ratio (C/R ratio) for the menu interaction of a touchpad on a steering wheel. Since the menu pointer's rate of movement and proper C/R ratio is determined by the amount of selected information, the amount of displayed information and the movement of a menu pointer was chosen to be independent variables. The dependent variables are a user's preference and task completion time. Two factor full factorial within subject design was used 16 subjects. The investigation revealed that the amount of selected information increased with increasing C/R ratio. The movement of the pointer became slower as the amount of information increased. The best C/R ratio was calculated for each amount of information and preference regression of the user's preference was drawn accordingly. Through this research, the automobile interior designer can benefit from the guidelines suggested for the touchpad control.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5191-5197
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• 2015

A partial response or resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is considered as a main obstacle in treatment of patients with cancer, including breast cancer. Refining taxane-based treatment procedures using adjuvant or combination treatment is a novel strategy to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy. PPM1D is a molecule activated by reactive oxygen species. whose expression is reported to modulate the recruitment of DNA repair molecules. In this study we examined the impact of arsenic trioxide on efficacy of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7 cells. We also investigated the expression of PPM1D and TP53 genes in response to this combination treatment. Resistant cells were developed from the parent MCF-7 cell line by applying increasing concentrations of paclitaxel. MTT assays were applied to determine the rate of cell survival. DAPI staining using fluorescent microscopy was employed to study apoptotic bodies. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was also applied to determine PPM1D mRNA levels. Our results revealed that combination of arsenic trioxide and paclitaxel elevates the efficacy of the latter in induction of apoptosis in MCF-7/PAC resistant cells. Applying arsenic trioxide also caused significant decreases in PPM1D mRNA levels (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that arsenic trioxide increases paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by down regulation of PPM1D expression. PPM1D dependent signaling can be considered as a novel target to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in resistant breast cancer cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6301-6306
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• 2014

Cervical cancer is one the most common malignancies among females. In recent years, its incidence rate has shown a rising trend in some countries so that development of anticancer drugs for cervical cancer is an urgent priority. In our recent anticancer drug discovery screen, 1, 2-di (quinazolin-4-yl)diselane (LG003) was found to possess wide spectrum anticancer efficacy. In the present work, the in vitro anticancer activity of LG003 was evaluated in the SiHa cervical cancer cell line. Compared with commercial anticancer drugs 10-hydroxycamptothecin, epirubicin hydrochloride, taxol and oxaliplatin, LG003 showed better anticancer activity. Furthermore, inhibition effects were time- and dose-dependent. Morphological observation exhibited LG003 treatment results in apoptosis like shrinking and blebbing, and cell membrane damage. Lactate dehydrogenase release assay revealed that LG003 exerts such effects in SiHa cells through a physiology pathway rather than cytotoxicity, which suggests that title compound LG003 can be a potential candidate agent for cervical cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3195-3199
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• 2014

Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as an effective agent to treat various diseases such as diabetes, tuberculosis and cancer. Inotodiol, an included triterpenoid shows significant anti-tumor effect. However, the mechanisms have not been well documented. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of inotodiol on proliferation and apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. HeLa cells were treated with different concentrations of inotodiol. The MTT assay was used to evaluate cell proliferating ability, flow cytometry (FCM) was employed for cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis, while expression of cyclinE, p27, bcl-2 and bax was detected by immunocytochemistry. Proliferation of HeLa cells was inhibited by inotodiolin a dose-dependent manner at 24h (r=0.9999, p<0.01). A sub-$G_1$ peak (apoptotic cells) of HeLa cells was detected after treatment and the apoptosis rate with the concentration and longer incubation time (r=1.0, p<0.01), while the percentage of cells in S phase and $G_2$/M phase decreased significantly. Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of cyclin E and bcl-2 in the treated cells significantly decreased, while the expression of p27 and bax obviously increased, compared with the control group (p<0.05). The results of our research indicate that inotodiol isolated from Inonotus obliquus inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. The mechanisms may be related to promoting apoptosis through increasing the expression of bax and cutting bcl-2 and affecting the cell cycle by down-regulation the expression of cyclin E and up-regulation of p27. The results further indicate the potential value of inotodiol for treatment of human cervical cancer.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.175-179
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• 2016

In this study, we evaluated the reusable leuco malachite green (LMG) micelle gel properties dependent on various components of chemical concentration and compared with leuco crystal violet (LCV). The gels were delivered to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy at 6 MV photon beam from linear accelerator and analyzed using spectrophotometry. We confirmed that the reusable LMG and LVC absorbance wavelength peak were made up at 630 nm and 600 nm respectively. The transparency of reusable LMG decreased with higher amount of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and lower reusable LMG dyes. 1 mM reusable LMG was the lowest transparency. The sensitivity was increased depending on lower trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) concentrations and the amount of suitable surfactant (Triton X-100), which was found to be 7 mM. However, we were not able to investigate sensitivity effects factor from reusable LMG dyes. The gel dosimeter containing 16 mM TCAA, 7 mM Triton X-100 gel dosimeter showed the highest sensitivity at $0.0021{\pm}0.0001cm^{-1}.Gy^{-1}$. The sensitivity of LCV was found to be higher than reusable LMG at $0.0037{\pm}0.0005cm^{-1}.Gy^{-1}$. The reusable LMG and LCV dose responses were shown to be $R^2=0.997$, $R^2=0.999$ respectively, as stable measurement results. Future research is necessary to improve dose sensitivity, dose rate dependency and gel fading with extensive chemical formulations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1845-1849
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• 2012

Objective: Tissue factor (TF) is expressed abnormally in certain types of tumor cells, closely related to invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to construct a human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 stably-transfected with human TF, and observe effects on oxaliplatin-dependent inhibition of invasion and the apoptosis induction. Methods: The target gene TF was obtained from human placenta by nested PCR and introduced into the human gastric cell line SGC7901 through transfection mediated by lipofectamine. Stably-transfected cells were screened using G418. Examples successfully transfected with TF-pcDNA3 recombinant (experimental group), and empty vector pcDNA3 (control group) were incubated with oxaliplatin. Transwell chambers were used to show change in invasive ability. Caspase-3 activity was detected using a colorimetric method and annexin-V/PI double-staining was applied to detect apoptosis. Results: We generated the human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/TF successfully, expressing TF stably and efficiently. Compared with the control group, invasion increased, whereas caspase-3 activity and apoptosis rate were decreased in the experimental group. Conclusion: TF can enhance the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Its increased expression may reduce invasion inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effects of oxaliplatin and therefore may warrant targeting for improved chemotherapy.