• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.399-409
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to experiment the antitumor activity of Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (APL) in human stomach cancer (AGS) cell lines (in vitro) and male C57BL/6J mouse (in vivo). Methods : The effects of the ethanol extract from the plant on several transplantable rodent tumors were investigated in vitro by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay. DNA content analysis and Western blot analysis. Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (APL) was given to rats with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells. The experimental rats were divided into 3 groups in vivo. Saline was injected into the abdominal cavity in the first group, 50 mg/kg APL was injected into the abdominal cavity in the second group and 100 mg/kg was injected into the abdominal cavity in the third group. After that, we checked their tumor volume periodically. Results : At first, human gastric cancer (AGS) cell lines (in vitro) showed decreased cell viability, and increased $sub-G_1$ contents. When we experimented rat intestinal epithelial (RIE)l as same condition, this result didn't show. With this, compared to normal cells, Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (APL) led selectively to the extinction of cells only in human gastric cancer. Moreover, we showed that the traditional herbal medicine APL induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in AGS cells. Next, APL inhibited the growth of LLC-bearing mouse tumor. However, we could not verify APL induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in LLC-bearing mouse tumor. Conclusions : The roots of Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (APL) contain some antitumor constituents.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1309-1316
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• 2004

We previously reported that the ethtyl acetate(EA) soluble fraction of Sophorae Radix(SR) water extract had the preventive effects against cardiovascular anaphylaxis elicited in experimental animals. In this study, we tested the anti-anaphylatic effects of the nine kinds of EA soluble subfractions in animal models such as Langendorff heart and anesthetized rats. These results were obtained as followed ; Among nine kinds of SR EA soluble subfractions, N10-16-2 and N10-16-9 fractions have an effects improving cardiovascular anaphylaxis in guinea pig Langendorff hearts. In passively anesthetized rats, N10-16-2 and N1 0-16-9 fractions of SR EA soluble subfractions have an effects improving cardiovascular anaphylaxis. N10-16-2 and N1 0-16-9 fractions of SR EA soluble subfractions inhibited the decrease of histamine release induced by compound 48180 and A-23187 in rat peritoneal mast cells. These results suggest that N10-16-2 and N10-16-9 fractions of SR EA soluble subfractions involve anti-anaphylactic molecules in cardiovascular system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1985

A quantitative restriction of maternal diet was given to the Sprague Dawley rats during the third week of gestation and during the lactation Dams of deficient groups were fed 20g of a stock diet a day and compared with the control group fed ad libitum throughout the experimental Period Dietary restriction started from birth in deficient 1 group and from the 14th day of gestation in deficient 2 group. Brain serotonin, norepinephrinet dopamine, and tyrosine of offsprings were determined at several intervals. Brain serotonin of offsprings of deficient groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than the control and significant differences between the deficient greeds were noticed Brain catecholamines and tyrosine of offsprings of deficient groups were significantly lower than the control and there was no difference between the deficient groups. Maternal dietary restriction during the gestation and the lactation may have retarded the synthesis of serotonin and catecholamines in the brain.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.379-389
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• 2005

Obstructive adenitis of the salivary gland following salivary stone or infectious disease of the gland and surrounding tissues is a common disease. It is often difficult to decide whether to perform total excision of the gland or to consider conservative treatment. The present study was designed to investigate histological, histochemical changes of submandibular gland after ligating the excretory duct for identifying the results of gland duct obstruction. A group of 40 rat of Sprague-Dawley weighing about $200{\sim}220gm$ were used in the present study. 30 rats had ligation of the main excretory ducts of submandibular glands just at the exit from the glands. For controls, 10 rats had a sham operation without duct ligation. They were inducted into euthanagia state by intracardial Ketamine injection in 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the ligation. In each ligation period, 3 animals were used for ligation and one animal was for control. The submandibular glands were dissected out at sacrifice and stained with H&E, PAS, mucicarmine stain and histological examination were carried out under the light microscope. After examination and comparison of all specimens, the results were as follows: 1. In the features of H&E stain, acini disappeared by degrees after the ligation of the excretary duct and interstitial cells were displaced into fibrous connective tissue. Salivary gland had been atrophied with enlarging ducts and proliferating ductal cells. 2. Through total experimental period, a lot of vessels were observed and the atrophy of serous gland was severer than that of mucous gland. 3. The deep portion of submandibular glands showed severe degeneration rather than superficial portion of them after the ligation. 4. The changes which had enlarged ducts and proliferating ductal cells were observed in entire gland and more prominent in serous gland than mucous gland after the ligation. 5. Although PAS and mucicarmine reactions were decreased gradually after the ligation with the lapse of time, since 2 to 3 weeks they were strong positive reactions on entire gland, especially on duct-like structure. So, we can suggest that salivary gland will be atrophied but, survived acini will be redistributed around the ducts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.112-121
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• 1996

The study was designed to observe the effect of blend fat calculated from the foods consumed in Korean with those of perilla oil, beef tallow and corn oil on colonic mucosal phospholipid fatty acid composition and the levels of TXB2 and diacylglycerol (DAG) which were known as biomarkers for cancer. Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into control and 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated group, and each group was subdivided into four groups. The experimental diets contained one of four dietary fats, blend fat (BF), perilla oil(PO), beef tallow (BT) or corn oil (CO), at 15% (w/w) level. At the same time, each rat was injected with saline for control group or DMH twice a week for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180mg/kg body weight. DMH injection, regardless of the type of dietary fats, significantly increased the levels of PGE2 and TXB2 in colonic mucosal layer compared to control (p<0.01). However, the level of eicosanoids was influenced by the types of dietary fats in both control and DMH group. In control groups, colonic mucosal level of TXB2 was higher in beef tallow group, but lower in perilla oil group compared to that of blend fat (p<0.01). In DMH groups, the level of TXB2 was higher in beef tallow and corn oil groups(p<0.05). The level of PGE2 showed the same trends with TXB2 and beef tallow most significantly increased the level of PGE2. DMH treatment did not influence on tissue fatty acid profile, which was directly reflected by dietary fatty acid composition. Proportions of C18 : 2 in colonic mucosal phospholipid well reflected dietary level of C18 : 2 showing the order CO>BF>PO>BT. The precentage of arachidonic acid(AA) in mucosal phospholipid was the highest by CO adn BT groups and the lowest by PO group. The incorporation of $\alpha$-linolenic acid in colonic mucosal phospholipid in perilla oil group was negatively correlated to the content of AA. Dietary level of C18 : 2 might not be the only controlling factor for the production of eicosanoids in colonic mucosa layer and might function with $\omega$3 fatty acids. The level of DAG was significanlty lower in PO group than that of BT group. Therefore, $\omega$3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid rich perilla oil could be very important dietary sourec in controlling eicosanoid production DAG level in cloln and recommenced to use more often in meal preparation to reduce the risk factor against colon cancer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to know the effect of wood vinegar ingestion on antioxidative defense system in trained rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the subject. Experimental groups were divided into CON-SED(control + sedentary), CON-EX(control + exercise), WV-SED(wood vinegar ingestion + sedentary), and WV-EX(wood vinegar ingestion + exercise), respectively. Body weight and stored fat weight(mesentery, retroperitoneal and epididymal) were not significantly differed in each group. Concentration of TG and FFA was not differed by wood vinegar ingestion. Concentration of glucose was revealed significant difference in exercise group rather than sedentary group, but there was no difference by wood vinegar ingestion between the groups. Contents of SOD in WV-EX group was significantly higher than other three groups. Contents of MDA in CON-EX group was significantly lower than CON-SED group, while the difference between CON group and WV group was not observed. In conclusion, wood vinegar ingestion with exercise seems to have a positive beneficial effects on reducing oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.314-318
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• 1997

This study was performed to examine the effects of Meju supplementation to high cholesterol diet on lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups(Steamed soybean, Meju) and were fed with 0.5% cholesterol diet. Serum and liver lipid profiles and fecal bile acids excretion were examined after four weeks of experimental diet. Food intake, weight gain and liver weight were not significantly different between the two groups. Total cholesterol concentrations in serum was significantly lower in Meju group compared to steamed soybean group(p＜0.05). HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids and nonestrified fatty acid concentrations in serum were not significantly different between the two groups. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipids concentrations in liver were not significantly different between the two groups. Fecal bile acid excretion were markedly higher in Meju groups than the group fed steamed soybean(p＜0.05). These results suggest that the cholesterol lowering effect by Meju supplementation might be resulted from the modulation of fecal bile acid excretion in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2000

Background: Pulsed radiofrequency (RF) lesioning is a painless procedure and causes no neurodestruction and neuritis-like reaction are common following conventional RF lesioning. There is little data about the effect of pulsed RF especially with regard to its suitability for the treatment of acute pain. The possibility of a placebo effect cannot be ruled out because a double-blind study was not performed in previous studies. There is also no neuropathologic study about pulsed RF. Methods: The rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, i.p.; supplemented as necessary). The common sciatic nerve was exposed by blunt dissection through biceps femoris. Pulsed RF was administered to the common sciatic nerve using a 30 ms/s pulse with for 120 seconds. The temperature reached was no more than $42^{\circ}C$. Analgesia was determined using hot-plate assay shortly and, 3 days and 1 week before, and 2 weeks after operation. Lesions were examined with LM (light microscope) and EM (electron microscope) 2 weeks later. Results: There were no differences in response latencies between the control and experimental group. There were many vacuoles with hyaline bodies in the Schwann cell cytoplasm rather than axon in LM and larger electron dense bodies. No changes were found in the axon or unmyelinated fibers. Only small changes were found in the sheaths of myelinated fibers and Schwann cells. Conclusions: We therefore do think that any analgesic effect of pulsed RF is not a result of block of neural conduction. But rather than it can be attributed to others factors. It was also ineffective as a treatment for acute pain such as that caused by the hot-plate test.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2001

When I evaluated the component variation of Naesowhajung-tang by the three types of extraction method, and each type's effects on the gastrointestinal tract, I got the following results. 1. The output ratio of extracts made out of Naesowhajung-tang were not significantly different among 13.8% of water extract(Sample-I), 13.5% of 50% ethanol extract(Sample-II), and 15.6% of water extract by spray dryer(Sample-III). 2. magnolol, honokiol, hesperidin, naringin, poncirin and glycyrrhizin Sample II had the largest amount of the following contents: magnolol, honokiol, hesperidin, naringin, poncirin and glycyrrhizin. 3. All the extracts of Naesowhajung-tang showed the inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle contraction of the isolated ileum in mice and fundus-strip in rats induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride. 4. High concentration Sample-II was recognized to be effective in preventing gastric ulcers in Shay's rats. but not in the other rat group. 5. All the extracts of Naesowhajung-tang were recognized to be effective in preventing gastric ulcers induced by Ethanol-HCl in rats. 6. The increase of transport ability in the small intestine was recognized only when the concentration of all the samples was doubled, but not in the other concentrations. 7. The increase of transport ability in the large intestine was recognized only when the concentration of Sample-II was doubled, but not in other concentration. Using the results mentioned above, I suggest that Sample-II has more significant effects on the gastrointestinal tract than the others.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.197-203
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• 2007

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common disease in elderly men. Recently old-age population is increased and we are growing more and more interested in clinical importance of BPH. In this study, the effect of PLX, which was the mixture of tomato extract (including 2% of lycopene) and chitooligosaccharide, on prostatic cancer cell and testosterone-induced BPH in adult rats of the Sprague Dawley strain was determined. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT method using L929 and LNCaP cell line, pretreated with various concentrations of PLX. The expression of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and 5${\alpha$}$-reductase genes were evaluated by realtime PCR using LNCaP cell line and compared various concentrations of PLX with 50 ${\mu}$M of finasteride. An experimental prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by giving testosterone for 8 weeks. After 2 weeks from start of giving testosterone, PLX and finasteride were administered orally once a day. The results were analyzed with prostate weight per body weight at 8 weeks. Cell viability of L929 cell line decreased specifically at the concentration of 2000 ${\mu}$g/mf of PLX. The cytotoxicity of PLX to the LNCaP cell line was shown at above 500 ${\mu}$g/ml of PLX. The inhibitory effect of PLX to the expression of PSA and 5${\alpha$}$-reductase genes in LNCaP cell line increased with the concentration of PLX. In vivo study, the results of PLX and finasteride administered group were 3.75${\pm}$0.60 and 3.49${\pm}$0.49 prostate weight ${\times}10^3$/body weight, which were lower than the result of BPH induced group (4.74${\pm}$0.58). These results suggested that PLX may be an effective material in BPH by having the role of the 5a-reductase inhibitor.