• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2005

The effect of calcium and boron supplementation on bone strength was determined in growing and ovariectomized (OVX) Sparague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into 9 groups and fed diet with different intake levels of calcium and boron for 4 weeks. About fifty percentages of rats in each group were OVX and the others were sham-operated. The rats were fed same diets after operation for 8 weeks. The feed intake, body weight gain, and FER were significantly higher in OVX rats than those in sham-operated ones. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation biomarker, was significantly increased with increment in calcium and boron intakes. Serum estradiol was lower in OVX rats than in sham-operated ones. Bone mineral density of femur was significantly lower in OVX rats than in other group. The breaking forces of bones were not significantly different among the groups. The urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, osteolytic marker was significantly increased with increment in calcium intake and ovariectomy. The urinary calcium excretion was significantly increased with increment in calcium intake, but decreased with increment in boron intake. According to theses results, the boron supplementation resulted in higher serum osteocalcin and lower urinary calcium excretion. Therefore, it could be suggested that the boron supplementation may be complementary and useful to calcium nutrition for bone health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the calcium intake on lipid profile and antioxidant capacities in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups and fed diet with different levels of calcium (low 0.1%, adequate 0.5%, high 1.5%) for 4 weeks. The half of rats in each group was ovariectomized and the others were sham-operated. And rats were fed same diets for 8 weeks after operation. Feed intake and weight gain were significantly higher in OVX group than those in sham-operated. Serum HDL-cholesterol was the highest in high-calcium group of OVX. Hepatic triglyceride of low-calcium group in sham-operated was the highest, while that of highcalcium group in OVX was the highest. Hepatic activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were significantly decreased by increasement of calcium intake. Hepatic TBARS level was the lowest in high-calcium group of OVX. And hepatic level of TBARS induced by AAPH was significantly decreased by increasement of calcium intake. These results may indicate that the high calcium intake have the potential role to improve lipid profiles and antioxidant capacities in OVX rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1281-1287
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• 2021

Clinical and preclinical studies have reported that Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17, a probiotic bacterial strain isolated from human breast milk, reduces body weight and white adipose tissue volume. In order to further explore the actions of L. gasseri BNR17, we investigated the anti-menopausal effects of L. gasseri BNR17 in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. The serum alanine aminotransferase levels of the rats in the OVX-BNR17 group were lower than those of the rats in the OVX-vehicle only (OVX-Veh) group. Upon administration of L. gasseri BNR17 after ovariectomy, calcitonin and Serotonin 2A levels increased significantly, whereas serum osteocalcin levels showed a decreasing tendency. Compared to the rats in the OVX-Veh group, those in the OVX-BNR17 group showed lower urine deoxypyridinoline levels, lower pain sensitivity, and improved vaginal cornification. Furthermore, L. gasseri BNR17 administration increased bone mineral density in the rats with OVX-induced femoral bone loss. These results suggest that L. gasseri BNR17 administration could alleviate menopausal symptoms, indicating that this bacterium could be a good functional probiotic for managing the health of older women.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.334-343
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• 1997

본 연구는 폐경 후 여성에게 식이 칼슘염 형태, 에스트로겐 및 에스트로겐/칼슘 혼합요법이 골격 구성 성분에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 난소절제쥐를 이용한 총 9군으로 분류하여 6주간 사육한 후 그 효과를 살펴보았다. 오른쪽 대퇴골의 젖은 무게, 밀도, 길이, 강도, 회분 함량은 난소를 절제한 군과 난소를 절제하지 않은 군간에 차이는 없었다. 그러나 대퇴골의 젖은 무게는 체중 당으로 표현한 값은 난소를 절제한 군에서 낮았다. 이것은 난소를 절제한 쥐의 체중부하로 인해 골격 구성 성분은 변화가 없는 것으로 사료된다. 난소절제 후 estrogen 투여, estrogen/칼슘 혼합군에서 체중당 젖은 무게는 증가함을 보여 주었다. 난소절제 후 estrogen 점진적 감소군에서 강도, 회분 함량, 칼슘 함량, 인 함량이 가장 낮았다. 견갑골의 젖은 무게, 밀도, 회분 함량, 칼슘 함량, 인 함량은 난소를 절제한 군과 난소를 절제하지 않은 군간에 차이는 없었다. 난소절제 후 estrogen 점진적 감소군에서 뼈의 젖은 무게와 회분 함량이 모든군에 비해 낮았고 고칼슘을 투여하거나, 칼슘을 점진적으로 증가시키는 것이 골손실을 다소 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 난소절제 여부에 따른 골격구성 성분에는 변화가 없었다. 난소절제 후 estrogen 및 estrogen/칼슘 혼합요법 골격손실을 상당량 방지 할 수 있었고 estrogen 점진적 감소군은 골격손실을 가져옮을 알 수 있었다. Estrogen 점진적 감소에 고칼슘, 칼슘 점진적 증가투여는 골격 구성 성분의 손실을 다소 방지할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to observe the titanium implant osseointegration in the osteoporosis-induced animal model. Seventy rats, 11 weeks of age, were divided into two groups : an ovariectomized group and a control group. Titanium screw implants(diameter, 2.0mm; length, 3.5mm) were placed into left tibias of 70 rats, 35 in the control group and 35 in the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry with fibronectin and CD34 antibody. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Histopathologically findings, newly formed bone was seen at 3 weeks and became lamellar bone at 8 weeks, and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 12 weeks control group. In experimental group, thickness of regenerated bone increased till 8 weeks gradually and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 12 weeks. 2. By histomorphometric analysis, marrow bone density and contact ratio of marrow bone to implant decreased significantly from 8 to 12 weeks in experimental group compared to control group and also total bone to implant contact ratio decreased significantly from 8 to 12 weeks in experimental group. 3. Fibronectin immunoreactivity was strong at 3 weeks control group and reduced after 8weeks gradually. But it was continuously strong from 3 to 8 weeks in experimental group. 4. CD34 immunoreactivity was very strong in the newly formed osteoblasts from 3 to 8 weeks control group. But it reacted minimally later. While in experimental group, it reacted continuously strong from 3 to 12 weeks. The results of this study suggest that osteoporosis is not an absolute contraindication to dental implantation if sufficient period suggested after fixture installation till second stage surgery.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권7호통권87호
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• pp.931-936
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• 2007

갱년기의 여성에는 여러 폐경 증후들이 나타나는데, 특히 에스트로겐의 감소로 인한 혈중의 지질 조성의 변화 등으로 인한 심혈관계 질환과 골 손실의 증가로 인한 골다공증의 위험성이 높아 이에 대한 예방 및 치료에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 쉽게 섭취 할 수 있으며,부작용이 없는 해조류인 청각 추출물을 난소제거술을 통한 갱년기 유도 흰쥐에 투여하여 결합조직 중의 collagen과 pyridinoline함량, 혈 중 ALP활성 변화를 통해 갱년기 장애 질환의 개선효과를 알아보았다. 청각 추출물이 골 노화에 미치는 영향을 실험 한 결과 난소 절제에 의한 골 손실에 의해 결합조직의 collagen 함량이 감소하였으나, 청각 추출물의 투여로 인해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 청각 추출물이 에스트로겐 감소로 인해 저하되는 collagen 합성능을 회복 시켜 유익한 효과를 가지는 것으로 추측된다. 또한 골 및 연골조직에서 collagen 성숙가교인 pyridinoline 함량을 HPLC에 의해 측정한 결과, 연골 중 pyridinoline함량은 난소절제에 의해 감소되었으나 청각 추출물 투여로 인해 난소를 절제하지 않은 SHAM군과 비슷한 수준으로 증가하여 pyridinoline 생성에 유익한 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 갱년기 장애 시 유발되는 골 노화에 청각 추출물이 유효한 효과를 나타낼 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2001

태반이나 생식소 등 시상하부 이외의 조직에서도 gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)과 그 수용체가 발현되어 조직 특이적인 기능을 담당함은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 최근 GnRH와 그 수용체 유전자가 흰쥐 유선에서도 발현됨이 증명되었고, LH $\alpha$-와 $\beta$-subunit와 LH 수용체에 대한 전사체 역시 흰쥐 유선에 존재함이 확인되었다 본 연구는 흰쥐 유선 LH의 발현과 유선의 분화과정 간의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해서 생식주기, 임신, 수유, 이유기에 걸쳐 얻은 유선을 재료로 LH 함량 변화를 방사면역측정법으로 측정하였다. 또한 동일한 실험동물에서 얻은 RNA를 사용한 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)과 Southern blot analysis를 통해 전사수준에서의 변화를 측정하였다. 난소 steroid에 의한 유선 LH의 발현조절 가능성을 조사하기 위해서 난소 제거(ovariectomy, OVX)후 steroid 처리 실험동물 모델을 사용하였다. 생식주기중인 흰쥐의 혈중 LH수준과 유선 내 LH 함량의 변화는 공히 proestrus 시기에 가장 높고 diestrus I 시기에 최저 수준을 보였다. 임신 17일 경으로부터 이유기까지 혈중 LH 수준은 등락을 보였으나, 유선 LH 함량은 수유기 중 현저히 감소한 후 이유기에 상승하였다. Southern blot analysis에서 흰쥐 유선 내 GnRH와 LH의 발현은 대체로 diestrus I 시기에 가장 낮고 이후 diestrus II, proestrus, estrus 시기를 거치며 증가하였고 임신 이후 수유기와 이유기까지 높은 수준으로 유지됨이 확인되었다. 한편 OVX 실험 동물모델에서 혈중 LH 수준은 예상한 바처럼 estrogen에 의한 negative feedback의 작용으로 OVX＋OIL 실험군(418.6$\pm$73.4 ng/ml)에 비해 OVX＋E$_2$ 실험군(125.9$\pm$45.4 ng/ml)에서 감소하였으며, 유선 내 LH 함량 역시 OVX+OIL 실험군(1.48$\pm$0.20 na/mg)에 비해 OVX+E$_2$ 실험군(1.07$\pm$0.13 ng/mg)에서 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 본 연구결과는 유선 LH가 생식주기, 임신, 수유, 이유 등의 생리적인 변화에 맞물려 조절되고, 특히 estrogen에 의해 유선 LH 합성이 조절될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 유선 LH의 기능으로는 모유의 생산ㆍ분비와 유선 상피세포의 분화와 같은 유선의 기능과 생리조절에 관여하는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2012

Objective : To evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on spinal bone fusion in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods : Sixteen female Sprague Dawley rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy at 12 weeks of age to induce osteoporosis and were randomly assigned to two groups : control group (n=8) and calcium-supplemented group (OVX-Ca, n=8). Autologous spinal bone fusion surgery was performed on both groups 8 weeks later. After fusion surgery, the OVX-Ca group was supplemented with calcium in drinking water for 8 weeks. Blood was obtained 4 and 8 weeks after fusion surgery. Eight weeks after fusion surgery, the rats were euthanized and the L4-5 spine removed. Bone fusion status and fusion volume were evaluated by manual palpation and three-dimensional computed tomography. Results : The mean fusion volume in the L4-5 spine was significantly greater in the OVX-Ca group ($71.80{\pm}8.06mm^3$) than in controls ($35.34{\pm}8.24mm^3$) (p<0.01). The level of osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, was higher in OVX-Ca rats than in controls 4 weeks ($610.08{\pm}10.41$ vs. $551.61{\pm}12.34$ ng/mL) and 8 weeks ($552.05{\pm}19.67$ vs. $502.98{\pm}22.76$ ng/mL) after fusion surgery (p<0.05). The level of C-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker, was significantly lower in OVX-Ca rats than in controls 4 weeks ($77.07{\pm}12.57$ vs. $101.75{\pm}7.20$ ng/mL) and 8 weeks ($69.58{\pm}2.45$ vs. $77.15{\pm}4.10$ ng/mL) after fusion surgery (p<0.05). A mechanical strength test showed that the L4-5 vertebrae in the OVX-Ca group withstood a 50% higher maximal load compared with the controls (p<0.01). Conclusion : Dietary calcium given to OVX rats after lumbar fusion surgery improved fusion volume and mechanical strength in an ovariectomized rat model.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2006

폐경기 여성은 동령 남성보다 퇴행적 뇌질환의 빈도가 유의적으로 높으며 이를 예방개선하기 위한 목적으로 에스트로젠 대체요법이 시행되고 있으나 유방암과 자궁암 유발 위험성이 제시되고 있어 콩류 등에 다량 함유되어 있는 phytoestrogen류인 isoflavone을 이용한 대체요법 개발이 활발하다. 밀착결합에 의해 제공되는 혈액-뇌확산장벽은 뇌의 항상성 조절에 중요한 역할이 있으며 다양한 뇌질환에서 변형이 일어난다. 본 연구는 난소절제 백서 모델에서 폐경기 여성의 퇴행적 뇌질환의 원인으로 혈액-뇌 확산장벽의 변형과 isoflavone의 효과를 검색하였다. 8주령 암컷 백서를 난소절제한 후 4주간 estrogen또는 isoflavone을 투여한 후 해마조직에서 밀착결합 유전자의 일종인 occludin발현을 조사하였다. E2는 occludin mRNA발현을 유의하게 증가시켰으며, genistein, diadzein등의 isoflavone투여 시 occludin mRNA발현이 유의적으로 증가하였다. Occludin은 폐경기 여성 호발성 퇴행성 뇌질환의 병인유전자 가능성이 제시되며 isoflavone은 occludin의 발현을 증가시켜 에스트로젠 결핍에 따른 혈액-뇌 확산장벽의 변형을 예방하는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2022

Objective : Osteoporosis result from age-related decline in the number of osteoblast progenitors in the bone marrow. Probiotics have beneficial effects on the host, when administered in appropriate amounts. This study investigated the effects of probiotics expressing specific genes, especially the effects of genetically modified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-expressing Lactobacillus plantarum CJNU 3003 (LP) on ovariectomized rats. Methods : Twenty-eight female Wistar rats (250-300 g, 12 weeks old) were divided into four groups : the sham (control), the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis group (OVX), the OVX and LP (OVX/LP), OVX and genetically modified BMP-2-expressing LP (OVX/LP with BMP) groups. The three groups underwent bilateral OVX and two of these groups were administered two different types of LP via oral gavage daily. At 16 weeks post-OVX, blood was collected from the heart and the bilateral tibiae were extracted and were scanned by ex-vivo micro-computed tomography and stained with hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain for pathological assessment. The serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), rat C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), BMP-2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-ĸB ligand (RANKL) were measured. Results : The 3D-micro-computed tomography images showed that the trabecular structure in the OVX/LP with BMP group was maintained compared with OVX and OVX/LP groups. No significant differences were detected in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) between control and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, a tendency toward increased BMD, trabecular bone volume, Tb.Th, and trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation was found in rats in the OVX/LP with BMP groups when compared with the OVX and OVX/LP groups (p>0.05). The H&E and Masson's trichrome stained sections showed a thicker trabecular bone in the OVX/LP with BMP group compared with the OVX and OVX/LP groups. There was no difference in serum levels of OC, CTX and RANKL control and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p>0.05). In contrast, significant differences were found in OC and CTX-1 levels between the OVX and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion : Our results showed that the expression of genetically modified BMP-2 showed inhibition effect for bone loss in a rat model of osteoporosis.