• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.512-516
• /
• 2011

Objective : Patients with asymptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) are prone to fall or slip. Acute trauma on these patients may develop acute subdural bleeding over the chronic SDH. We recently experienced 9 patients with acute-on-chronic SDH. We report the clinical and radiological features of this lesion. Methods : We retrospectively examined the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 107 consecutive patients who diagnosed as chronic SDH from January 2008 to December 2010. All cases of CSDH were diagnosed on CT with or without MRI scan. Results : Acute-on-chronic SDH is not rare, being 8% of chronic SDH. The most common cause of trauma was a slip in drunken state. Alcoholism with multiple episodes of trauma was one of the prominent histories. Acute-on-chronic SDH appeared as a hyperdense layer of clot with irregular blurred margin or lumps in liquefied hematoma. Single or two burr holes was usually effective to remove the hematoma. Conclusion : Repeated trauma may cause acute bleeding over the chronic SDH. It will be helpful to understand the role of repeated trauma as a mechanism of hematoma enlargement.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권7호
• /
• pp.1436-1442
• /
• 2020

Nuclear infrastructure systems play an important role in national security. The functions and missions of nuclear infrastructure systems are vital to government, businesses, society and citizen's lives. It is crucial to design nuclear infrastructure for scalability, reliability and robustness. To do this, we can use machine learning, which is a state of the art technology used in various fields ranging from voice recognition, Internet of Things (IoT) device management and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose to design and develop a machine learning algorithm to perform predictive maintenance of nuclear infrastructure. Support vector machine and logistic regression algorithms will be used to perform the prediction. These machine learning techniques have been used to explore and compare rare events that could occur in nuclear infrastructure. As per our literature review, support vector machines provide better performance metrics. In this paper, we have performed parameter optimization for both algorithms mentioned. Existing research has been done in conditions with a great volume of data, but this paper presents a novel approach to correlate nuclear infrastructure data samples where the density of probability is very low. This paper also identifies the respective motivations and distinguishes between benefits and drawbacks of the selected machine learning algorithms.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 2008

Japanese encephalitis is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, where it accounts for up to 50,000 cases. Approximately 20% of affected patients die, and 30-50% of survivors have significant neurological sequelae. Inactivated mouse-brain derived Japanese encephalitis vaccines has been effectively implemented to control the disease effectively in Korea and several other Asian countries. However, the vaccine is expensive and difficult to produce, requires multiple doses, and has been associated with hypersensitivity reactions and rare adverse neurologicale events. The live-attenuated SA14-14-2 vaccine derived from primary hamster kidney (PHK) cells was developed in China and has been used there since 1988. Outside China, it has been licensed and used in Korea and several other Asian countries. This vaccine is effective and inexpensive. However, the lack of precedence for using a PHK cell substrate in a live-attenuated vaccine is a special issue of concern. The WHO working group has recommended additional safety studies in selected high-risk groups, as well as ongoing post-marketing studies to ensure long-term safety. Recently, a new inactivated vaccine and live-attenuated chimeric vaccine have been developed from vero cells. With this background, this article summarized the current status of Japanese encephalitis vaccination worldwide and in Korea.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.117-120
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral compressive neuropathy. Most cases are idiopathic, but rarely carpal tunnel syndrome can be associated with a ganglionic mass. We report our recently encountered experience of surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by a simple ganglionic mass. Methods: A 53-year-old man presented with chief complaints of numbness and hypoesthesia of his left palm, thumb, index finger, long finger, and ring finger of one and half month duration. Physical examination revealed positive Tinnel's sign without previous trauma, infection or any other events. Electromyography showed entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an approximately 2.0 cm-sized mass below the transverse carpal ligament. Upon surgical excision, a $1{\times}1.5cm^2$ mass attached to the perineurium of the median nerve and synovial sheath of the flexor digitorum superficialis and redness and hypertrophy of the median nerve were discovered. With surgical intervention, we completely removed the ganglionic mass and performed surgical release of the transverse carpal ligament. Results: The pathology report confirmed the mass to be a ganglion. The patient exhibited post-operative improvement of his symptoms and did not show any complications. Conclusion: We present a review of our experience with this rare case of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by a ganglionic mass and give a detailed follow-up on the patient treated by surgical exploration with carpal tunnel release.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6653-6656
• /
• 2013

Background: The single most common proto-oncogene change in human neoplasms is a point mutation in RAS genes. A wide range of variation in frequency of KRAS mutations has been seen in hematologic malignancies. Despite this, RAS roles in leukemogenesis remain unclear. The frequency of KRAS mutations in CML has been reported to be between zero an 10%. Many attempts have been done to develop an anti-RAS drug as a therapeutic target. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran from 2010-2012. In 78 CML patients (diagnosed according to WHO 2008 criteria) in chronic or accelerated phases, KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 were analyzed using a modified PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: We did not detect any KRAS mutations in this study. Conclusions: KRAS mutations are overall rare in early phase CML and might be secondary events happening late in leukemogenesis cooperating with initial genetic lesions.

• Acta Via Serica
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.7-27
• /
• 2017

The present study aims to do a documental study of the Mongol invasion and the fall of Baghdad (the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate) in 1258 CE. It is a case study on a document and two comments on it, which were originally recovered from the burial shroud of a person killed during $H{\ddot{u}}leg{\ddot{u}}^{\prime}s$ conquest of Baghdad. This document was later inserted by someone (possibly by one of its two commentators) in a section of a primary manuscript of Kitab al-Wara'a (written in 1147 CE). Then Osman ibn ${\dot{G}}{\bar{a}}nim$ al-Hiti and Ṭahir ibn '$Abd-All{\bar{a}}h$ ibn Ibrahim ibn Aḥmad, as commentators, wrote their comments about the document. Although these documents are in the form of fragmentary notes, they are rare primary sources that depict the events and the conditions of the siege, the conquest of Baghdad and the collapse of Abbasid Caliphate. This article, while providing images, revised texts, and translations of the documents, aims to introduce them and to explore the civil factors contributing to the fall of Baghdad.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.226-232
• /
• 2005

저자들은 11개월 영아의 고열을 조절하기 위해 진통소염제 근주와 경구 해열제 병용투여 후 발생한 다발성 식도 위 십이지장 궤양 치료 과정 중 조기에 위 출구 폐쇄가 합병된 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제67권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

Shake table tests performed on five 1:3 reduced scale two story RC moment resisting frames having construction defects, have shown severe joint damageability in deficient RC frames, resulting in joint panels' cover spalling and core concrete crushing. Haunch retrofitting technique was adopted herein to upgrade the seismic resistance of the deficient RC frames. Additional four deficient RC frames were built and retrofitted with steel haunch; both axially stiffer and deformable with energy dissipation, fixed to the beam-column connections to reduce shear demand on joint panels. The as-built and retrofitted frames' seismic response parameters are calculated and compared to evaluate the viability of haunch retrofitting technique. The haunch retrofitting technique increased the lateral stiffness and strength of the structure, resulting in the increase of structure's overstrength. The retrofitting increased response modification factor R by 60% to 100%. Further, the input excitation PGA was correlated with the lateral roof displacement to derive structure response curve that have shown significant resistance of retrofitted models against input excitations. The technique can significantly enhance the seismic performance of deficient RC frames, particularly against the frequent and rare earthquake events, hence, promising for seismic risk mitigation.

• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.135-150
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a portfolio model for a long-term power generation mix problem. The proposed portfolio model evaluates generation mix by considering the tradeoffs between the expected cost for power generation and its variability. Unlike conventional portfolio models measuring variance, we introduce Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) in designing the variability with aims to considering events that are enormously expensive but are rare such as nuclear power plant accidents. Further, we consider uncertainties associated with future electricity demand, fuel prices and their correlations, and capital costs for power plant investments. To obtain an objective generation by each energy source, we employ the sample average approximation method that approximates the stochastic objective function by taking the average of large sample values so that provides asymptotic convergence of optimal solutions. In addition, the method includes Monte Carlo simulation techniques in generating random samples from multivariate distributions. Applications of the proposed model and method are demonstrated through a case study of an electricity industry with nuclear, coal, oil (OCGT), and LNG (CCGT) in South Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.260-263
• /
• 1996

High spinal block is a rare complication during epidural block, but it may result in serious events. 56-year-old man with gall stones was scheduled for cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. After operation, lumbar epidural catheterization was done at $T_{8-9}$ interspace for postoperative pain control. At the recovery room, initial bolus drug (0.1% bupivacaine 10 ml containing fentanyl $100{\mu}g$) was administered via epidural catheter and observed carefully. 15 minutes later, hypotension and bradycardia ouccurred. Hartman' solution was administered rapidly and ephedrine 5 mg was injected. 30 minutes after drug administration, loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest developed. Tracheal intubation was done immediately. Cardiovascular and respiratory functions were monitored continuously. The location of intrathecal catheter was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seen in syringe after aspiration of catheter. The patient recovered gradually and was placed in the ward 4 hours after drug administration, without any problems. He was discharged 1 week later in good health.