• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2007

In vitro toxicity tests such as cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity assay are useful for evaluating the relative toxicity of smoke or smoke condensates obtained from different cigarette configurations. A major disadvantage of these tests is relatively time-consuming, complicated and expensive. Recently, a cell-free glutathione consumption assay (GCA) as a rapid and simple screening method for the toxicity assessment of smoke has been reported by Cahours et al. (CORESTA, 2006). This study was carried out to assess the GCA application capable of predicting the toxicity of gas/vapor phase (GVP) of cigarette smoke and to identify individual compounds responsible for the glutathione (GSH) consumption in smoke. Each GVPs from 2R4F, standard cigarette, carbon filter cigarette (ExC) and new carbon filter cigarette (ExN), test cigarettes were collected by automatic smoking machine and evaluated the relative toxicity by GCA and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. Toxic compounds existed in smoke were also chosen, relative toxicities of these compounds were screened by using two methods and compared individually. The overall order of toxicity by GCA was 2R4F > ExC > ExN, which was consistent with the result of Neutral Red Uptake assay. The levels of carbonyl compounds of ExN were lower than those of 2R4F and ExC, indicating that GSH consumption was associated with carbonyl compound yields. A major toxicant under current study is acrolein, which contributed to more than half of the GSH consumption. Collectively, the toxicity of GVP determined by GCA method may be mainly attributed to acrolein.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2009

All organisms are being exposed to harmful factors present in the environmental. The combined action of various factors is a distinguishing feature of modern life. An interaction between two chemicals is considered as synergistic when the effect produced is greater than the sum of the two single responses. The biological effects due to the combined action of ionizing radiation with the other factor are hard to estimate and predict in advance. In the current study, we investigated the synergistic effects between ionizing and $HgCl_2$ using fish hepatoma cells (PLHC-1 cells). The results showed a dramatic decrease of cell viability after simultaneous treatment of PLHC-1 cells with ionizing radiation and $HgCl_2$. Neiither of the two had any cytotoxic effect when treated alone. The cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation was enhanced in the presence of $HgCl_2$. The synergistic effects were observed after exposure of the PLHC-1 cells to ionizing radiation combined with $HgCl_2$. The synergistic interaction was due to an increase of irreversibly damaged cells after the combined exposure. Analysis of the extent of synergistic interaction enables to make quantitative estimation of irreversibly damaged cells after the combined exposure. The present study suggests that PLHC-1 cells can serve as rapid screening tools for detecting the toxicity of harmful factors.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2005

이상 랩온어칩에서 사용된 생물분리 방법과 그 예를 소개하였다. 랩온어칩에서는 수백 마이크로미터 이하의 미세 채널을 사용하므로 유사한 크기의 채널을 사용하는 capillary electrophoresis에서 사용되었던 기법들이 가장 많이 활용되어왔으며, 랩온어칩 내에서 물질분리를 위한 기본 방법으로 적용되어왔다. 현재까지 CE에 사용되었던 기법들은 모두 랩온어칩 상에 구현된 바 있으며, 이러한 기술들은 랩온어칩의 활용 가능성 및 활용 분야 증대에 크게 기여하였다. 이외에도, laminar flow의 특성을 이용하거나, 막을 제작하거나, 추출 기법을 활용하는 등의 다양한 시도가 있었다. 그러나, high-throughput, 이동형 장비를 지향하는 랩온어칩에서 고전압을 사용하는 경우 활용에 제약을 가져올 수 있어, 용도에 맞는 적절한 분리기술의 개발 및 선택이 랩온어칩의 활용 가능성을 결정짓는 중요한 요인이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

To determine whether Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectral analysis combined with multivariate analysis of whole-cell extracts from ginseng leaves can be applied as a high-throughput discrimination system of cultivation ages and cultivars, a total of total 480 leaf samples belonging to 12 categories corresponding to four different cultivars (Yunpung, Kumpung, Chunpung, and an open-pollinated variety) and three different cultivation ages (1 yr, 2 yr, and 3 yr) were subjected to FT-IR. The spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. A dendrogram based on hierarchical clustering analysis of the FT-IR spectral data on ginseng leaves showed that leaf samples were initially segregated into three groups in a cultivation age-dependent manner. Then, within the same cultivation age group, leaf samples were clustered into four subgroups in a cultivar-dependent manner. The overall prediction accuracy for discrimination of cultivars and cultivation ages was 94.8% in a cross-validation test. These results clearly show that the FT-IR spectra combined with multivariate analysis from ginseng leaves can be applied as an alternative tool for discriminating of ginseng cultivars and cultivation ages. Therefore, we suggest that this result could be used as a rapid and reliable F1 hybrid seed-screening tool for accelerating the conventional breeding of ginseng.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1384-1391
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• 2006

The signal transduction system is one of the most important devices involved in maintaining life, and many protein kinases are included in the cellular signal transduction system. Finding a protein kinase inhibitor is very valuable, as it can be used to study cell biology and applied to pharmaceuticals. For the efficient and rapid screening of protein kinase inhibitors, two assay systems were combined; the nonradioactive protein kinase assay system that uses an FITC-labeled IRS-2 peptide and the cell-based paper disc assay system that uses Streptomyces griseus as the indicator strain. Among 330 kinds of herb extracts tested, the extract of Dalbergia odorifera exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity in the two assay systems and was selected for further isolation. Based on solvent extraction and many steps of chromatography, seven compounds were finally separated to homogeneity and their structures determined by $^{1}H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies. Four were to be flavonoids and identified as butin ($C_{15}H_{12}O_5$, Mw=272.07), 3'-hydroxymelanetin ($C_{16}H_{12}O_6$, Mw=300.06), liquiritigenin ($C_{15}H_{12}O_4$, Mw=256.07), and 2'-hydroxyformononetin ($C_{16}H_{12}O_{5}$, Mw=284.07). 3'-Hydroxymelanetin inhibited the phosphorylation of the GSK3 protein by Akt to 37% at a concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ and showed the strongest cytotoxicity ($ED_{50}<50{\mu}g/ml$) against the human cancer cell line HCT116. Under the same conditions, liquiritigenin also inhibited the phosphorylation of GSK3 by Akt to 26%, and its cytotoxicity against the HCT116 cell line was lower than $100{\mu}g/ml$.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.403-407
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• 2011

This study describes a canine lymphosarcoma with a rapid proliferation and recurrence. A 4-year-old, male, Shih Tzu dog was examined for acute swelling mass. The mass had been identified since 3 months ago and enlarged $10{\times}7$ cm and located in the right axillary region. The surgical removal was recommended when patient visited veterinarian and the operation was conducted. The removed tumor was $11{\times}8{\times}7$ cm and firm, lobulated and white cut surface. Routine screening laboratory test was assessed with blood and radiological analysis. The metastasis sign was not detected on thoracic and abdominal radiography. Blood test revealed decreased lymphocytes. After surgical removal of the mass, microscopic histopathological examination was performed to determine the final diagnosis. Histopathologically, the tumors are characterized by the same histological features, including the presence of neoplastic cellular populations, and lymphocytes infiltration in varying proportions. Also, DNA was extracted and PCR analysis was employed to analyze the origin of tumor cells. T-cell specific nucleic acid fragments were specifically amplified by PCR. On the basis of the laboratory results, the tumor was diagnosed with canine T-cell lymphosarcoma. On the basis of our knowledge, this is the first report of canine T-cell lymphosarcoma in a Shih Tzu dog.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

소변시료 바이오어세이는 분석설비가 비교적 간단하고 시료 채취가 용이하여 내부피폭선량 평가를 위하여 널리 사용되고 있는 대표적인 간접측정법이다. 본 연구에서는 소변시료 바이오어세이 결과에 대해 보다 객관적인 성능검사를 수행하기 위하여 미국 NIST에서 주관한 NRIP (NIST raiochemistry inercomparison pogram)에 참여한 결과를 소개하였다. 60일간의 분석기간 동안 인공합성소변으로 제작된 검사시료의 방사능분석결과를 보고하는 cstomary exercise에서는 12가지 방사성핵종에 대한 측정 결과 ANSI N13.30에서 제시하는 성능검사 기준을 모두 만족하는 것으로 확인되었다. 비상상황에 대비하여 8시간 이내에 방사능분석결과를 신속하게 보고하는 eergency preparedness exercise에서는 9가지 방사성핵종에 대하여 -35 ~ 45%의 차이를 나타내어 확인된 오차범위 내에서 비상시 신속한 내부피폭 분류에 적용하기에 적합한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.842-851
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• 2011

A multi-cell test system with 25 independent cells is used to test different electrode materials simultaneously for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Twenty-five segmented membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) having the same or different Pt-loading are prepared to analyze the performance deviation of cells in the multi-cell test system. Improvements in the multi-cell test system are made by ensuring that the system performs voltage sensing for the cells individually and inserting optimum gaskets between the MEAs and the graphite plates. The cell performances are improved and their deviations are significantly decreased by these modifications. The performance deviations changed according to various cell configurations because the operating conditions of the cells, such as the gas flow and concentration, differed. This cell system can be used to test multiple electrodes simultaneously because it shows relatively uniform performance under the same conditions as well as linear correlation with various catalyst loadings.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2005

Lysine is the first essential amino acid for optimal nutrient quality in rice grain. For the narrow genetic diversities of lysine contents in rice, somaclonal variation was the source of mutation in our breeding program. Biochemical selection was conducted using 1 mM S-(2-aminoethyl) cysteine followed by two passages of 5 mM lysine plus threonine in the callus subculture medium. The lysine contents in endosperm of all progenies recovered from the biochemical selection were higher than those of their donor cultivar 'Hwayeongbyeo'. These elevated lysine levels of mutants were successfully transmitted to $M_4$ generation. The lysine contents in endosperm varied 3.85 to $4.80\%$ compare to their donor cultivar 'Hwayeongbyeo' was $3.85\%$. Three of high-lysine germplasms, Lys-l, Lys-2 and Lys-7 were selected by biochemical selection and rapid screening methods. DNA analysis showed that a new insertion of Tos 17 which mapped to rice chromosome 11 on the high-lysine mutant, Lys-2.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2016

본 논문은 PDMS을 기반으로 한 미세접촉인쇄법을 사용하여 보다 효율적으로 지방세포를 선택적으로 배양접시에 부착시켰으며 패터닝 된 배양접시에서 지방세포가 빠르게 지방분화를 가능하게 하였다. PDMS을 이용한 선택적 표면 처리 방법은 기존의 세포칩 제작과 달리 소량의 유기용매사용, 저가의 장비 사용, 또한 효율적으로 특정 지역 안에서 지방세포를 고정화하고 성장시킬 수 있으며 이를 통해 지방세포의 생리학적 상태를 손쉽게 관찰할 수 있는 분석 기술로 활용된다. 이렇게 구성된 지방세포칩 위에 대표적인 비만 억제제 약물인 Orlistat을 $0.2{\mu}M{\sim}5.0{\mu}M$ 농도로 처리하였을 때 대조군에 비하여 최대 26.5%의 억제 효과가 나타남을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 통하여 다양한 비만 억제제 약물 탐색을 위한 세포칩으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.