• Informatization Policy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.103-137
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• 2011

The digital divide (DD) has been recognized as one of the most serious social and public policy issues to emerge from the rapid growth of computing facility, particularly in regard to Internet capabilities, over the past decade. In order to identify DD research trends and contributions, this research has adopted a bibliometric approach to quantitatively assess the research trends of the DD and also utilized information from related literature in the EV2 database from 2000 to 2011. The results show that the most frequently documented type of publications are journal articles, making up 55.2% of the total database of literature. English is the primary language (96.7%), and USA researchers have made the largest contribution (17.0%) to DD literature. Tokai University (Japan), Tilburg University (Netherlands), and Arizona State University (USA) rank as the top three author affiliations. Information technology, the Internet, and economic and social effects are the three top key words that appear in the related DD literature. The results also revealed various regional evidence, main topics, perspectives, frameworks, and solutions that were introduced in DD publications.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 1989

This paper presents examples of the computer-aided zonation and correlation of pollen data from the Late-glacial to Holocene stratigraphic sequences at four sites in central Iowa, U.S.A. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient matrix and first four components of Principal components analysis plotted in a stratigraphic order are combined to provide an excellent zonation of the pollen data at each site. Correlation of the four pollen sequences are conducted by Principal components analysis of the data sets combined in one. The first and second principal components successfully provide correlation lines that match fairly closely the zone boundaries of each pollen sequence. The third and fourth components, in contrast, are greatly different from site to site, representing the unique pollen assemblages at each site.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Wrist joints consist of irregularly shaped carpal bones and other complicated structures. Thus, evaluating the motion of a wrist joint is a challenging task. In this study, we used an infrared camera to perform a kinematic analysis of a dart-throwing motion. We measured the difference between the movement of a normal wrist and constrained wrist (wrist with a wrist glove) in the dart-throwing motion with thirty six healthy participants. We measured the ulna flexion - radial extension motion using the attached passive marker and analyzed it using Polygon software and SPSS. The pitch and yaw motions with a glove was bigger than the ones without a glove by 20 and 15 degrees, respectively. On the other hand, the roll motion without a glove was bigger than the one with a glove by 7 degree. Wilcoxon signed rank test (p<0.05) confirmed that there are significant differences between the motion with and without a glove. It was found that the magnitude of the pitch and yaw motion with a constrained wrist joint toward radial extension in dart-throwing motion is smaller than the one with a normal wrist joint. However, a normal wrist joint showed a bigger movement in the roll direction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.137-138
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• 2003

Understanding how and why people differ is a fundamental, if distant, goal of research efforts to bridge psychological and biological levels of analysis. General fluid intelligence (gF) is a major dimension of individual differences and refers to reasoning and novel problemsolving ability. A conceptual integration of evidence from cognitive (behavioral) and anatomical studies suggeststhat gF should covary with both task performance and neural activity in specific brain systems when specific cognitive demands are present, with the neural activity mediating the relation between gF and performance. Direct investigation of this possibility will be a critical step toward a mechanistic model of human intelligence. In turn, a mechanistic model might suggest ways to enhance gF through targeted behavioral or neurobiological intervent ions, We formed two different groups as subjects based on their scholarly attainments. Each group consists of 20 volunteers(aged 16-17 years, right-handed males) from the National Gifted School and a local high school respectively. To test whether individual differences in general intelligence are mediated at a neural level, we first assessed intellectual characteristics in 40 subjects using standard intelligence tests (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking) administered outside of the MR scanner. We then used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRl) to measure task-related brain activity as participants performed three different kinds of computerized reasoning tasks that were intended to activate the relevant neural systems. To examine the difference of neural activity according to discrepancy in general intelligence, we compared the brain activity of both extreme groups (each, n=10) of the participants based on the standard intelligence test scores. In contrast to the common expectation, there was no significant difference of brain region involved in high-g tasks between both groups. Random effect analysis exhibited that lateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate and parietal cortex are associated with gF. Despite very different task contents in the three high-g-low-g contrasts, recruitment of multiple regions is markedly similar in each case, However, on the task with high 9F correlations, the Prodigy group, (intelligence rank: >99%) showed higher task-related neural activity in several brain regions. These results suggest that the relationship between gF and brain activity should be stronger under high-g conditions than low-g conditions.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

The cost-effective reduction of occupational radiation dose (ORD) at a nuclear power plant could not be achieved without going through an extensive analysis of accumulated ORD data of existing plants. Through the data analysis, it is required to identify what are the jobs of repetitive high ORD at the nuclear power plant. In this study, Percentile Rank Sum Method (PRSM) is proposed to identify repetitive high ORD jobs, which is based on non-parametric statistical theory. As a case study, the method is applied to ORD data of maintenance and repair jobs at Kori units 3 and 4 that are pressurized water reactors with 950 MWe capacity and have been operated since 1986 and 1987, respectively in Korea. The results was verified and validated, and PRSM has been demonstrated to be an efficient method of analyzing the data.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2013

Purpose: We reviewed the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with anal canal carcinoma who were treated with curative intent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) at Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2011. Materials and Methods: Data for 38 eligible patients treated during this period were reviewed. All patients were treated with curative intent using radiotherapy (RT) with (n = 35) or without concomitant chemotherapy (n = 3). Among 35 patients who received CRT, most of the chemotherapeutic regimens were either 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus mitomycin C (23 patients) or 5-FU plus cisplatin (10 patients). Recurrence-free survival (RFS), colostomy-free survival (CFS), overall survival (OS), and locoregional control (LRC) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival between subgroups were compared using the log-rank test. Cox's proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Over a median follow-up period of 44 months (range, 11 to 96 months), 3-year RFS, CFS, OS, and LRC were 80%, 79%, 85%, and 92%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, tumor size >4 cm was an independent predicting factor for poorer RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 6.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42 to 28.5; p = 0.006) and CFS (HR, 6.25; 95% CI, 1.39-28.0; p = 0.017), while the presence of external iliac lymph node metastasis was an independent prognosticator for poorer OS (HR, 9.32; 95% CI, 1.24 to 70.3; p = 0.030). No treatment-related colostomies or deaths occurred during or after treatment. Conclusion: Curative intent CRT resulted in excellent outcomes that were comparable to outcomes in previous randomized trials. No severe treatment-related toxicities were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.119-125
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• 2013

Since year 2001 to the present time, the aircraft accidents and serious incidents in our country have surpassed 150 occurrences. The Boeing has published the statistical summary of commercial jet airplane accidents annually for the past 10 years on the basis of the occurrence categories defined by the CICTT(CAST/ICAO Common Taxonomy Team), and the number of occurrences is in order of loss of control(LOC-I), controlled flight into terrain(CFIT) and runway excursion (RE). Like the NTSB and the EASA, when fatal and non-fatal accidents are aggregated, though fatality rate is low, abnormal runway contact(ARC), system/component failure(SCF-PP/NP), ground handling(RAMP) rank high in the CICTT occurrence categories. With the less occurrence frequency, it is difficult to statistically analyze the aircraft accidents in our country, thus customarily the accidents and the serious incidents on aggregate are consolidated, and the statistical analysis is performed. This study categorizes the accidents and serious incidents to the domestic transportation aircraft in the past 10 years according to the CICTT occurrence categories, that is compared with foreign practices, and the implications have been discussed. From years 2001 through 2010, the accidents to the domestic transportation aircraft occurred in order of system failure(SCF-NP), ARC and power plant failure(SCF-PP), and when the accidents and the serious incidents are consolidated and analyzed, it is verified that a distribution appears similar to the European accident occurrence categories defined from 300 accident occurrence data.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.475-488
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• 2015

Economic activity and social participation by women has recently increased; however, working mothers raising young children are under new stress due to the simultaneous combination of job and parenting responsibilities. This stress has resulted in social problems of career break and low fertility. This study investigates the effect of clinical art therapy on occupational stress and parenting stress of working mothers. We analyzed 34 working mothers in full-time employment (over 8 hours a day) who have preschool children (0-6 years old). They were divided into 17 subjects in the experimental group and 17 subjects in the control group. For the experimental group, 10 hours and a half sessions of group art therapy were participated in once a week from April to August in 2014. We perform Dan Occupational Stress Index by Ivancevich and Matteson, Parenting Stress Index/Short Form and salivary cortisol test before and after the group art therapy. For qualitative analysis, Kinetic House-Tree-Person (KHTP) drawing test was used. Using SPSS ver. 19.0, paired t -test or Wilcoxon signed rank test compared the pre and post analysis results. The results of this study are as follows. First, scores of 'occupational stress factor' subpart showed significant improvement in the Occupational Stress Index after the clinical art therapy. Second, scores of 'parental distress,' 'parent-child dysfunctional interaction,' and 'difficult child' subpart in Parenting Stress Index also showed a significant improvement. Third, a positive change was observed after the clinical art therapy in the KHTP drawing test. In conclusion, this study suggests that the clinical art therapy can be effective for occupational stress factors and the parenting stress of working mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.51-65
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical basic data to develop public uniforms design, by understanding international universality and advanced design sense, through the analysis of public uniforms design at home and abroad. The theoretical study reviewed the character and area of public design, and the concepts and requirements of public uniforms. The empirical study analyzed public uniform design at home and abroad, focusing on typical public uniforms, such as police, fire fighter, and street cleaner. The results of this study were as follows. First, the police uniform has a standardized and formal suit style, which consists of a single-breasted dk-PB jacket with a notched collar and pants. It uses PB as the main color, to show their authority and role reliability. Epaulet or badge, which represents belonging and difference in rank, are attached to express the identity of an organization. Second, the fire fighter uniform consists of a hip length coat with a stand collar effective for heat shielding, and straight pants with flap pockets, in which it is easy to put things. Its main color is dkg-PB, to mitigate visual fatigue and enhance comfort, and an accent color scheme is used, to effectively raise visual attention and safety. Finally, the street cleaner uniform has a casual style, which consists of a jumper with a shirt collar and pants for high activity. v-YR and R with high chroma is mainly used, for increased attention during day and night work, to stress safety.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

Purpose: We evaluated failure pattern and treatment outcomes of observational approach on regional lymph node (LN) in cutaneous melanoma of extremities and sought to find clinico-pathologic factors related to LN metastases. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 73 patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities between 2005 and 2016. If preoperative 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings were non-specific for regional LNs, surgical resection of primary tumors with adequate margins was performed without sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and/or complete lymph node dissection (CLND), irrespective of tumor thickness or size. In patients with suspicious or positive findings on PET/CT or CT, SLNB followed by CLND or CLND was performed at the discretion of the surgeon. We defined LN dissection (LND) as SLNB and/or CLND. Results: With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 6 to 138 months), the dominant pattern of failure was regional failure (17 of total 23 events, 74%) in the observation group (n = 56). Pathologic LN metastases were significant factor for poor regional failure-free survival (hazard ration [HR] = 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-10.33; p = 0.044) and overall survival (HR = 3.62; 95% CI, 1.02-12.94; p = 0.047) in multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis for cN0 patients according to the preoperative PET/CT findings, LND group showed the better trend of LRFFS (log rank test, p = 0.192) and RFFS (p = 0.310), although which is not statistically significant. Conclusion: Observational approach on regional LNs on the basis of the PET/CT in patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities showed the dominant regional failure pattern compared to upfront LND approach. To reveal regional lymph node status, SLND for cN0 patients may of importance in managing cutaneous melanoma patients.