• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The Yeongsan River, one of the four major rivers in Korea, shows the highest degree of water pollution compared to the other major rivers. The construction and opening of two weirs, Seungchon and Juksan, induced fluctuations in the hydrologic conditions and water quality of the river. To investigate the water quality changes caused by the opening of the weir in 2017, this study analyzed the water quality data using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the three-dimensional spatiotemporal plots. The non-parametric statistical test results showed that the concentration of all parameters has increased after 2017 at a significance level of 0.05. For the parameters that showed the highest degree of change, chlorophyll-a and suspended solids, the median values have increased by more than 30% after weir opening. Visual analysis additionally showed the spatial changes in the Yeongsan River. Generally, the sites above the Seungchon weir showed higher pollution levels than those above the Juksan weir. In time series, visual analysis results also showed the trend of rising concentration for all water quality parameters, indicating that the opening of two weirs had a significant effect on the change in water quality of the Yeongsan River.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.313-326
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• 2023

The seismic safety of the shear wall structure can be assessed through seismic fragility analysis, which requires high computational costs in estimating seismic demands. Accordingly, machine learning methods have been applied to such fragility analyses in recent years to reduce the numerical analysis cost, but it still remains a challenging task. Therefore, this study uses the ensemble machine learning method to present an improved framework for developing a more accurate seismic demand model than the existing ones. To this end, a rank-based selection method that enables determining an excellent model among several single machine learning models is presented. In addition, an index that can evaluate the degree of overfitting/underfitting of each model for the selection of an excellent single model is suggested. Furthermore, based on the selected single machine learning model, we propose a method to derive a more accurate ensemble model based on the bagging method. As a result, the seismic demand model for which the proposed framework is applied shows about 3-17% better prediction performance than the existing single machine learning models. Finally, the seismic fragility obtained from the proposed framework shows better accuracy than the existing fragility methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze image factors of places located in natural and humanistically superior geographical locations. It aims to analyze image recognition and spatiality of scenically historical Sahmyook University, located northeast of Gangneung, through standardization. Method: The analysis method of landscape is composed of data investigation and research, and elements of how students, faculty, and visitors recognize a place's beautiful image will be examined. Result: A phenomenological approach was applied to how the images of beautiful place were set by FGI group meeting, and how such factors affect beautiful place's perception from the user's point of view. When looking at comprehensive ranking of image factors in recognition of beautiful landscapes, factors corresponding to forest landscapes appear at the top rank. In determining factors for its recognition, shared space with natural elements such as water, trees, flowers, etc. has been analyzed to have the biggest influence. Among factors corresponding to urban landscape, 'streets and pedestrian paths' is of medium importance and are recognized for it is artificial structure coexisting with natural elements shared with humans. The image corresponding to 'city area' and 'architecture' was analyzed to have insignificant influence on beautiful places' image recognition for artificial element was prioritized.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2024

Purpose: This paper is designed to deliver a deeper understanding of the implications of digitalization strategies in the tourism industry, exploring the opportunities and challenges in South Korea. Research design, data and methodology: To identify effective strategies, an integrated approach is employed in the research that encompasses the Glocal RPM analysis and SANEL HERMES model, as well as the examination of digital tourism factors within the DIANA economy. The data used for this study were derived from multiple sources, including literature review, participation interview, tourist survey and expert questionnaire. By conducting a tourist survey using questionnaires in this research, Glocal RPM and SANEL HERMES hybrid method is used identifying and classifying influencing factors limiting digitalization in tourism. As a final step, experts use a Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix to propose, assess, and rank a number of digitalization strategies. Results: According to the analysis, the study revealed that combining both tools contributes to a more holistic understanding of the environment, uncovering the positives and negatives from diverse perspectives. The average satisfaction percentage of experts was determined to be 38%, indicating anatal level of digitalization for tourism industry in South Korea. Conclusions: These results can serve as a valuable guide for policymakers and stakeholders in formulating targeted strategies to enhance glocalization, rationality, professionalism, and morality within the digitalization context.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.24
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• pp.1-44
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• 1996

This study is to analyze correlations between 10 factors related to university libraries and the number of professional staff, nonprofessional staff, and total library staff of university libraries in Korea and United States of America. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. In the case of Korea, there are high positive correlations between the number of total library staff and 7 of 10 variables (coefficient : 0.76-0.99) ; between the number of professional staff and 7 of 10 variables, same as the above (coefficient : 0.76-0.99) ; between the number of nonprofessional staff and 4 of 10 variables (coefficient 0.73-0.93). In the case of America, there are high positive correlations between the number of total library staff and 6 of 10 variables (coefficient : 0.74-0.97) ; between the number of professional staff and 5 of 10 variables (coefficient : 0.78-0.87): between the number of nonprofessional staff and 6 of 10 variables (coefficient : 0.73-0., 96). 2. All the. rank orders of correlation coefficients of two countries show little significant difference, by the results of the Spearman's Rank Order Correlation analysis (coefficient : total staff, 0.9152: professional staff, 0.8667 ; nonprofessional staff, 0.9030) 3. In the case of Korea, among the above factors, correlations of the total university expenditure and the library expenditure show a significant difference more than ones of the other factors. On the other hand, in the case of American professional staff, the correlations of the library expenditure, the library materials expenditure and the volumes in library show a significant difference more than ones of the other factors, while in the case of American nonprofessional staff, only the library expenditure shows a significant difference more than the others. 4. In the results of the correlation analysis between the professional staff and nonprofessional staff in Korea, the number of graduate enrollments, volumes in library, library expenditure and total university expenditure show higher positive correlation to the professional staff than the nonprofessional staff. However, in the case of America, the library expenditure and the library materials expenditure show higher positive correlation to the nonprofessional staff than the professional staff, while the university expenditure per student shows higher positive correlation to the professional staff. 5. In the results of the correlation analysis between Korea and America, in the case of the total library staff, the undergraduate enrollments, the total university expenditure and the library expenditure show higher positive correlation to Korea than America, and in the case of the professional staff, the graduate, enrollments, the volumes in library and the above 3 factors also show higher positive correlation to Korea than America. But in the case of the nonprofessional staff, the graduate enrollments, the volumes in library and library materials expenditure show higher correlation to America than Korea, while the total university expenditure shows the o n.0, pposit phenomenon of the above. And the other factors by the type of staff are little significant difference between two countries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.26-51
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• 2003

Large scale protein interaction maps provide a new, global perspective with which to analyse protein function. PSIMAP, the Protein Structural Interactome Map, is a database of all the structurally observed interactions between superfamilies of protein domains with known three-dimensional structure in thePDB. PSIMAP incorporates both functional and evolutionary information into a single network. It makes it possible to age protein domains in terms of taxonomic diversity, interaction and function. One consequence of it is to predict the most important protein domain structure in evolution. We present a global analysis of PSIMAP using several distinct network measures relating to centrality, interactivity, fault-tolerance, and taxonomic diversity. We found the following results: ${\bullet}$ Centrality: we show that the center and barycenter of PSIMAP do not coincide, and that the superfamilies forming the barycenter relate to very general functions, while those constituting the center relate to enzymatic activity. ${\bullet}$ Interactivity: we identify the P-loop and immunoglobulin superfamilies as the most highly interactive. We successfully use connectivity and cluster index, which characterise the connectivity of a superfamily's neighbourhood, to discover superfamilies of complex I and II. This is particularly significant as the structure of complex I is not yet solved. ${\bullet}$ Taxonomic diversity: we found that highly interactive superfamilies are in general taxonomically very diverse and are thus amongst the oldest. This led to the prediction of the oldest and most important protein domain in evolution of lift. ${\bullet}$ Fault-tolerance: we found that the network is very robust as for the majority of superfamilies removal from the network will not break up the network. Overall, we can single out the P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases superfamily as it is the most highly connected and has the highest taxonomic diversity. In addition, this superfamily has the highest interaction rank, is the barycenter of the network (it has the shortest average path to every other superfamily in the network), and is an articulation vertex, whose removal will disconnect the network. More generally, we conclude that the graph-theoretic and taxonomic analysis of PSIMAP is an important step towards the understanding of protein function and could be an important tool for tracing the evolution of life at the molecular level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.648-658
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• 2014

We examined the effects of pollutants into sub-basin on the water quality and loading based on data surveyed during January-December 2013 from 13 sites of 5 streams in the Jinwi watershed. We used the contour plot and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test to analyze seasonal variation of water quality and loading and Pearson correlation analysis to assess the relationships between pollutants and loadings. The significantly higher seasonal variation were SS, TN and TOC as compared to other water quality constituents (P < 0.001). A significant interaction existed between the effects of human population and the effects of discharge of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) on water quality and loading, especially for the spring and winter seasons. It is necessary to control discharge water of sewage and wastewater from industrial facilities and to make full use of the watershed management system such as TMDLs in operation since 2012 for improvement in stream water quality.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2000

The sensitivity analysis of input parameters was Performed fer an ingestion dose assessment model (U. S. NRC's Regulatory Guide 1.109 model) from routine releases of radionuclides. In this study, three kinds of typical Korean foodstuffs (rice, leaff vegetables, milk) and two kinds of radionuclides $(^{l37}Cs,\;^{131}I)$ were considered. The values of input parameters were sampled using a Latin hypercube sampling technique based on Monte Carlo approach. Sensitivity indices, which represent the influence or the importance of input parameters for predictive results, were quantitatively expressed by the partial rank correlation coefficients. As the results, the ratio of the interception fraction to the yield of agricultural plants and the human consumption rate were sensitive input parameters for the considered foodstuffs and radionuclides. Additionally, in case of milk, the transfer factor of radionuclides from animal intake to milk and the daily intake rate of feedstuffs were sensitive input parameters. The weathering removal half-life and the delay time from food production to human consumption were relatively sensitive for $^{137}Cs$ and $^{131}I$ depositions, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.680-684
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• 2007

Background: Complete surgical resection is the most effective treatment for stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recurrence accounts for the disappointing survival rates after resection. There has been renewed interest in adjuvant therapy after complete resection. Appropriate selection of effective adjuvant therapy will depend on the prognostic factors for recurrence. Material and Method: The study included 114 patients with completely resected stage IB NSCLC. The variables selected for the study were gender, age, the type of resection, cell type, the degree of differentiation, the tumor size and the presence of visceral pleura invasion. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival and disease-free survival rate. The results were compared using the log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox's proportional hazard model. Two-sided p-valves < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Result: The 3-year overall survival and the disease-free survival rates were 87.0% and 79.4%, respectively. The degree of differentiation showed a significant influence on disease-free survival according to the univariate analysis. According to the multivariate analysis, a poor grade of differentiation was a significant poor prognostic factor. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that poor differentiation may be a poor prognostic factor for patients with completely resected IB NSCLC. Therefore, the patients with a poor grade of differentiation may require adjuvant therapies.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.66-77
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aimed to make preliminary data through the bibliometric analysis of journals registered by national research foundations of Korea for the improvement of traditional Korean medical (TKM) journals. Methods: We collected 4,396 articles from the OASIS database, which is composed of articles published by TKM societies and institutes. First, we analyzed the 'authors by year', 'average authors per article', 'articles by institute' and 'authors by institute' to get the author-related conditions. Second, we analyzed the 'reference type', 'cited times', 'IF with self citation' and 'IF without self citation' to get the citation condition. Results: First, we found that the journal order of total authors was KAOOMP (2362), KOMS (1189), and KAMS (967), and of average authors per article was KAMS (5.29), KOIMS (5.25), and KOMS (4.75). Second, we learned that the journal order of occupied article ratio by high rank institutes was SCMS (92.4%), MAS (90.03%), and KOPS (87.22%) and of occupied author ratio by high rank institutes was KOPMS (96.55%), MAS (95.19%), and SCMS (93.85%). Third, we analyzed the most highly cited reference type by journals and we found that OMCS was books, SCMS was oriental medical journals and the other 10 journals were not oriental medical journals. Finally, we observed that the journal order of self citation ratio was SCMS (16.79%), KMAS (11.77%), and OOGS (11.67%) and also that the IF order was KAMS (0.675), OOGS (0.546), and KAOH (0.430). Conclusions: Through this study we found that TKM research leans too much toward on oriental medical universities, so we insist that TKM R&D institutes must be expanded. We also found that the self citation ratio was high in TKM journals, so the ratio must be decreased to improve the quality of the TKM journals.