• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of nursing students interest in health matters concerning themselves and compare it to non-nursing students. The results were to be categorized and used as health content recommendation when organizing health curriculum and planning health education programmes. The instruments used this study were 'The Health Inventory and The Health Need Inventory introduced to 80 items from 125 items by Lee in Korea(1980). There was a very high correlation between the 125 items and condensed 80 items (r=0.9508, t=11.0643. p<.001). The convenience sample was chosen from 226 nursing students and 204 non-nursing students in the departments of humanities of college in Inchun and Ansan from March 4 to April 5. 1996. Data were analyzed by the SAS computer Program. The results are as follow: When comparing health interest of nursing student group with non-nursing student group, total group mean of nursing students was significantly higher than that of non-nursing students (t=2.977 p<.01). But the rank order of the nursing student group was similar to that of the non-nursing group. and what nursing student felt interested was coincident with what non-nursing students felt as being necessary. The most interested health area between nursing student and non-nursing students were ${\ulcorner$personal hygiene & grooming${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$weight control${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$sex education${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$mental health${\lrcorner}$. On the other hand the least interested health areas were. ${\ulcorner$smoking and health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$alcohol and health${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$drug and narcotics${\lrcorner}$ In non -nursing students but in nursing students ${\ulcorner$structure and function of body${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$dental health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$safety${\lrcorner}$. Comparing students health interest by major In college, total group mean of nursing students is significantly higher than that of non-nursing students in 14 health areas including ${\ulcorner$community health${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$control and prevention disease${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$consumer health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$family health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$mental health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$personal hygiene and grooming${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$safety${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$structure and function of body${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner$sex education${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$alcohol and health ${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$ drug and narcotics${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner$smoking and health${\lrcorner}$ The following recommendations could be made considering the above mentioned factors: 1. The priority of health content should reflect the items to the highest interest area of students and highest need area of adults. 2. The health items which were significantly different in the area of health interest, by major, should be used in planning health education programmes and organizing health curricula.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.515-519
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• 2010

Introduction: Bone defects in the jaw are frequently observed after odontogenic cyst enucleation. The success of bone healing appears to be related to the size of the bone defect, the anatomical location, the patient's age and other parameters. The use of bone grafting material is dependent on the operator's preference. No evidence-based definite treatment protocol has been established. This study evaluated the effect of a bone graft into the defect after odontogenic cyst enucleation. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 patients, who had been treated for an odontogenic cyst with cyst enucleation from 2000 to 2009 at the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, were included in this study. Patients who were followed-up for more than 1 year were included. Two groups were defined according to the bone graft (with or without a bone graft) after cyst enucleation. The differences in the healing periods and patterns of bone healing were compared clinically and radiologically. The postoperative 1 year radiographs were analyzed for bone healing and density. Statistical analysis was performed using a Pearson chi square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: More infection signs were observed in the bone graft group than in the other group, but there was no statistically significant difference. Radiographically, there was also no significant difference in the size of the radiolucent lesions between the two groups. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in healing between the groups with a bone graft and without bone graft after cyst enucleation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.615-624
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• 2003

The most accurate method to assess bone level is the histometric measurement. However it causes discomfort in patients and damage to the regenerated tissues. in the present study, we used 4 type regenerative therapies, The present study evaluated the clinical reliability and accuracy of bone probing measurements and radiographic bone level in the assessment of bone level by comparing those results with histometric confirmed bone level. Twentyfour(24) intrabony defects(4${\times}$4mm 1-wall intrabony defects) were surgically created in the mandibular second and fourth premolars of 6 beagle dogs. The control group underwent a conventional flap operation. Experimental group I was treated with calcium phosphate glass only, and while experimental group 2 was treated with GTR and experimental group 3 was treated with calcium phosphate glass and GTR. The subjects were sacrificed 8 weeks after the operation and a bone probing measurements, radiographic measurement and histometric measurement was performed. The correlation between bone probing measurements(BP) and histometric measurement(HL), and radiographic measurement(RL) and histometric measurement(HL) were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation analysis and the statistical significance with respect to the type of regenerative therapies was analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test. The coefficient of correlation to HL was 0.73 for RL and 0.90 for BP. The type of regenerative therapies had no significant effect on the difference between HL and other measurements. The results of this study suggests that bone probing measurements most closely represents actual bone level. So bone probing measurements may be a good clinical method for assessing the hone level following any type of periodontal regenerative therapies.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.72-83
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• 2016

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term success of horizontal alveolar crest augmentation of the retromolar region of the mandible with particulated bone, as well as factors affecting subsequent peri-implant bone loss. Methods: A total of 109 patients (68 female, 41 male) suffering from alveolar ridge deficiencies of the maxilla and mandible were included in this study. All patients were treated with particulated retromolar bone grafts from the mandible prior to the insertion of endosseous dental implants. Mesial and distal peri-implant crestal bone changes were assessed at six time points. Several parameters, including implant survival and the influence of age, gender, localisation of the implant, diameter, covering procedures, and time points of implant placement, were analysed to identify associations with bone level changes using the Mann-Whitney U-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 164 dental implants were placed in the maxilla (n=97) and in the mandible (n=67). The mean observation period was $105.26{\pm}21.58$ months after implantation. The overall survival rate was 97.6% after 10 years. Overall, peri-implant bone loss was highest during the first year, but decreased over time. The mean amount of bone loss after 10 years was 2.47 mm mesially and 2.50 mm distally. Bone loss was significantly influenced by implant type and primary stability. Conclusions: The use of particulated autologous retromolar bone grafts is a reliable technique for the horizontal reconstruction of local alveolar ridge deficiencies. Our results demonstrate that implants placed in augmented bone demonstrated similar bone level changes compared to implants inserted in non-augmented regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

This study tried to find out whether there is a change over time in the functional classification of forests in relation to human demand for forests. The level in which the concept of ecosystem services has been considered in national forest management plans was also examined. A total of 98 current and previous national forest management plans were available for this study. The composition ratios of the six functions of forests in both the current and previous national forest management plans were surveyed. We used a parametric t-test when the mean values of two (current and previous) groups were normally distributed and used nonparametric Wilcoxon code rank test when the assumption of normality was not met. Timber production forests were shown to follow a normal distribution, while five others, including water regeneration forests, disaster prevention forests, natural environment conservation forests, recreation forests, and living environment conservation forests were not shown to follow a normal distribution. Timber production forests and natural environment forests showed significant changes in the proportion of forest area between previous and current forest management plans. The concept of 'ecosystem services' began to actively appear in the 6th Basic Forest Plan, which started in 2018. However, the level of frequency of the ecosystem services mentioned varied by Regional Forest Services.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1995

The only compounds with antagonistic activity via AT$_1$receptor, one of two subtypes of angiotensin II (AII) receptor, have been demonstrated to block the vasoconstriction effects of AII and thereby provide therapeutic potential. This initiated the search for compounds with high specific affinity to AT$_1$receptor and their effective screening methods. The radioligand binding assay for the AII receptor is regarded as the primary method for the evaluation of AT$_1$receptor antagonists for their activity. In this paper, we characterized the liver AT$_1$receptor and describe the efficient method of the radioligand binding assay using rat liver as a source of AT$_1$receptor. Equilibrium binding studies with rat adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, liver and bovine adrenal showed that the specific bindings of [$^3$H] AII were saturable in all tissues and the Scatchard plots of those data were linear, suggesting a single population of binding sites. Hill slopes were very near to the unity in all tissues. Kinetic studies of [$^3$H) AII binding in rat liver homogenates yielded two association rate constants, 4.10$\times$10$^{7}$ M$^{-1}$ min$^{-1}$ and 4.02$\times$10$^{9}$ M$^{-1}$ min$^{-1}$ , with a single dissociation rate constant, 7.07$\times$10$^{-3}$ min-$^{-1}$ , possibly due to the partial dissociation phenomenon. The rank order of inhibition potencies of [$^3$H] AII binding in rat liver was AII>Sarile>Losartan>PD 123177. Rat liver homogenates revealed to have very high density of homogeneous population of the AT$_1$receptor subtype, as the specifically bound [$^3$H] AII was not inhibited by PD 123177, the nonpeptide antagonist of AT$_2$. The results of this study demonstrated that the liver homogenates from rats could be the best receptor preparation for the AT$_1$receptor binding assay and provide an efficient system for the screening of newly synthesized candidate compounds of AT$_1$receptor antagonist.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1161-1161
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• 2001

Rapid cost-effective methods of measuring wood quality are extremely important to tree improvement programs where it is necessary to test large numbers of trees. Non-destructive sampling of a forest can be achieved by using increment cores generally removed at breast height. At CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products methods for the rapid, non-destructive measurement of wood properties and wood chemistry based on increment core samples have been developed. In this paper the application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to the prediction of a range solid wood properties, including density, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (E$\sub$L/) and microfibril angle (MFA), is described. Experiments conducted on individual species (Eucalyptus delegatensis and Pinus radiata), the two species combined and a number of mixed species from several genera are reported. NIR spectra were obtained from the radial/longitudinal face of each sample and used to develop calibrations for the measured physical properties. When the individual species were used the relationships between laboratory determined data and NIR fitted data were good in all cases. Coefficients of determination (R$^2$) ranging from 0.77 for MFA to 0.93 for stick density were obtained for E. delegatensis and R$^2$ ranging from 0.68 for MFA to 0.94 for strip density were obtained for P. radiata. The calibration statistics for the combined E. delegatensis and P. radiata samples were similar to those found for the individual species. As these results indicated that it might be possible to produce general calibrations based on samples from a number of species of a single genus or samples from a number of different genera, a wide range of species was subsequently tested. Good relationships were obtained for both density and E$\sub$L/. These calibrations had R$^2$ that were slightly lower than those determined using individual species and standard errors that were higher. The mixed species calibrations, when applied to the E. delegatensis and P. radiata sample sets, provided good estimates of density (stick and strip) and E$\sub$L/. The results demonstrated that a mixed species calibration, that encompasses wide variation in terms of, wood anatomy, chemistry and physical properties, could be used to rank trees. Experiments reported in this paper demonstrate that solid wood properties can be estimated by NIR spectroscopy. The method offers a rapid and non-destructive alternative to traditional methods of analysis and is applicable to large-scale non-destructive forest resource assessment, and to tree breeding and silvicultural programs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.693-700
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• 2020

This study compared the accuracy and reliability of definitive casts fabricated from a digital impression and conventional impression technique. A master model with the prepared upper full-arch tooth was used. Samples of ten plaster models and ten polyurethane models were duplicated using a selected standard master model. Six linear measurements were recorded between the landmarks, directly on each of the stone models and the polyurethane models on two occasions by a double examiner. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), measurement error (MSE), and limit of agreement (LoA) were used for statistical analysis. The ICC ranged from 0.76 to 0.99 when comparing the stone models and polyurethane models. The mean difference between the stone models and polyurethane models ranged from 0.09mm to 0.20mm, suggesting that stone models might be slightly larger than polyurethane models. Based on this study, the accuracy of the polyurethane models in evaluating the performance of an oral scanner and subtractive technology was acceptable. Further studies will be needed on patient subjects under clinical conditions that may involve missing or malpositioned teeth and fixed dental prostheses because this study was limited to use a standard master model and duplicated sample models in a laboratory setting.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.977-987
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on sensory' motor development and adaptive behavior of cerebral palsy children. The design of this study was quasi experiments with a non-equivalent pre- and post-test control design. Subjects of the study were arbitrarily chosen based on predetermined selection criteria among the cerebral palsy children who were treated as out-patients at two rehabilitation hospitals one in Seoul, and the other in Kyunggi-do. The study was conducted between early April and late July in 2000. Fifteen children were in the experimental group and eleven in the control group. The allocation was done based on ease of experimental treatment. A five-step SIT program was devised from a combination of SIT programs suggested by Ayres(1985) and Finks(1989), and an author-designed SIT program for cerebral palsy children. The experimental group was subjected to 20 to 30 minutes of SIT per session. two sessions a week for ten -week period. The effects of SIT were measured with respect to 9 sub-areas that can be administered to cerebral palsy children out of a total of 17 sub-areas in the Southern California Sensory Integration Test (SCSIT) developed by Ayres (1980). In addition. the scale developed by Russell (1993) for Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). and Perception Motor Development Test developed by 中司利一 et al.(1987) were also applied. Adaptive behavior was analyzed using guidelines in two unpublished documents - School-Age Checklist for Occupational Therapy by the Wakefield Occupational Therapy Associates, and the OTA-Watertown Clinical Assessment by the Watertown Occupational Therapy Associates-, and an author-developed Adaptive Behavior Checklist. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for chi square test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. In sensory development, the experimental group exhibited a score increase compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, Although the experimental group showed improvements in all. 9 sub-areas compared to the control group, only right-left discrimination exhibited statistically significant change. 2. In gross motor development, the experimental group showed improvements in score compared to the control group, but it was not statistically significant. In fine motor development, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements compared to the control group. In sub-area analysis, figure synthesis showed positive change. 3. In adaptive behavior development, post-experimental adaptive behavior scores were higher compared to pre-experimental scores with statistical significance. Furthermore, sub-areas emotional behavior, perception behavior, gross-fine motor function, oral-respiration function, motor behavior, motor planning, and adaptive response exhibited higher scores after SIT. In conclusion SIT was found to be partially effective in sensory and fine motor development, effective in all adaptive behavior areas, and not effective in gross motor development. Thus, this study has shown that SIT is an effective intervention for sensory development, fine motor development, and adaptive behavior for cerebral palsy children. But, for the effectiveness of SIT on gross motor development, further studies employing longer-time experiments are recommended.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to derive the factors that affect the development cost and the priority/weight of effectiveness in the pre-development stage of a service robot to estimate the development cost. In particular, the functions of service robots vary according to the field of application, and their prices are not only different but most of them are small-scale production; hence, a cost estimation is necessary. In this research, the factors affecting the service robot development cost in the process of service robot development and adding functions are classified as a functional factor while the factors that affect the entire development cost due to environmental causes, in which the service robot is operated or in the development process, are classified as an adjustment factor. The FGI was conducted to derive the factors and a Delphi survey was conducted among 84 domestic experts to determine the weights of the factors. As a result of the analysis, six functional factors (41 detailed criteria) and five adjustment factors (17 criteria) were derived, the cost weight and rank of the factors were suggested. This study suggests that the development cost of the service robot can be used as a decision-making strategy to select the operation functions in the development process, and can be utilized as an essential tool for the service robot development.