• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : Vocal fold bowing is an organic voice disorder that is associated with an abnormal structure of the vocal folds whereas vocal fold polyp is a functional voice disorder caused by an abnormal use of the vocal folds. Both types of vocal folds share a common property in that they make one's voice breathy or strained. The purpose of this study is to compare voice from two types of vocal folds and to offer information of clinical importance. Materials and Method: Vocal fold bowing and vocal fold polyp groups consisted of 7 male subjects, respectively. All subjects recorded /a/ in the state of measuring MPT (maximum phonation time), repeating 3 times, by a voice recorder (48 kHz sampling rate; 24 bit quantization). They answered the questions of K-VHI. Time domain parameters (such as perturbation parameters including HNR, Jitter, etc.) were calculated for the whole duration of /a/ and those of the frequency domain were measured in initial 40 ms and stable 40 ms of /a/, respectively. Mann-Whitney V-test was used for the time domain parameters and K-VHI survey, and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to the frequency domain parameters (H1, H2, H1-H2). Results: For K-VHI survey and the time domain analysis, there was no significant difference between bowing and polyp group. For frequency domain analysis, H1 and H2 showed a significantly different result between two groups. Vocal fold bowing group has longer duration and lower intensity than that of vocal fold polyp group in the 'aspirated interval', which could be observable prior to ordinary vowel oscillation. Conclusion: Both groups seem to show breathy voice. This could be referred on the basis of the value of H1-H2. The K-VHI survey says that subjects with vocal fold bowing feel more uncomfortable than subjects with vocal fold polyp.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

In this paper, we estimate the life cycle from acceleration life test about the hard disk of disk array of image storage of PACS. Webuil distribution was selected by the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test with data of down time at $50^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$. The equality test of shape parameter and scale parameter was conducted, so that the probability distribution estimated from data of down time at $50^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ was not statistically significant. The shape parameter was 1.0409, The characteristic life was 24603.5 hours at normal user condition($30^{\circ}C$) by the analysis of weibull-arrhenius modeling which included the acceleration factor of temperature, and The activation energy was 0.5011 eV through arrhenius modeling. The failure analysis of the failure samples of acceleration test and the samples of market return was conducted, so that the share percentage of failure mode was detail difference but the rank of share percentage was almost same. This study suggest the test procedure of acceleration test of hard disk drive in PACS using environment, and help the life estimation at manufacture and use.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Hwangryunhaedok-tang on the gastritis treatment. Methods : A total of 20 subjects who visited Pusan National University Hospital from April 2nd, 2019 to September 2nd, 2019 were included. In this study, we evaluated the individual symptoms through questionnaires, laboratory test, BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis), and adverse reaction according to medication. Statistical analysis was performed with paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p < 0.05). Results : After medications, the total score of individual symptoms, primary outcome, was significantly decreased. In particular, individual symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn and trim showed significant improvement. However, no statistically significant differences were found in nausea/vomiting and anorexia. In additions, the laboratory test showed a statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol, but no statistically significant differences in results of BIA. In the safety evaluation, adverse reactions were not reported. Conclusions : Considering this results, we have confirmed the possibility of Hwangryunhaedok-tang to the gastritis treatment.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of environmental variations on the growth and survival rate of Stichopus japonicus to determine the optimum environmental conditions for its growth. Literature studies and a 12 month-long diver survey were carried out to understand the habitat, ecology and size of the surveyed area. Based on the collected data, we suggested optimum habitat conditions for releasing S. japonicus. Experiments on releasing S. japonicus were conducted in the breakwater of the Hwagye fishing cooperative in Hwagey-ri, Namhae-un, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. To implement the experiments, we divided the surveyed area into 4 sub-areas with different characteristics: (1) sand and silt zone; (2) artificial sea cucumber bank zone; (3) artificial rock bank zone; and (4) marine algae zone. The experiment lasted for 12 months. We released 32,000 sea cucumbers over $120m^2$ of each of the sand and silt zone, artificial rock bank zone and marine algae zone and released 6,000 sea cucumbers over $120m^2$ of the artificial sea cucumber bank zone. The average density of the released sea cucumbers from day 30 to day 360 after the releasing was conducted was the highest in the artificial sea cucumber bank zone ($23.7animal/m^2$), which was followed by artificial rock bank zone ($2.0animal/m^2$), marine algae zone ($1.9animal/m^2$) and sand and silt zone ($0.8animal/m^2$). The analysis on growth showed that the initial average weight of 2.3 g increased on day 360 after the releasing to 12.5 g in the artificial sea cucumber rank zone, 20.2 g in the sand and silt zone, 23.3 g in the artificial rock bank zone and 22.9 g in the marine algae zone. Results from the experiment along with the literature analysis suggest the following optimum habitat conditions: $10-15^{\circ}C$ water temperature; 28-34 psu salinity; 5-10 m water depth; 0.2-0.5 m/s velocity; rock, stone and muddy sand as substrate; and less than 20% mud in the substrate.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-93
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was designed to establish medical trust realization system by finding factors influential to it using questionnaire. Methods : 277 subjects were participated in this study. After a treatment, we conducted a survey from April 1st to October 31th about medical service perception index, medical trust index, patient satisfaction index, patient reliability index, patient flow degree index, recall intension index, and hospital image index. To evaluate the influence of medical service perception with other 6 indexes, we statistically made regression analysis of the results through the survey. Results : By the results of the analysis, evaluation of hospital image influenced all 6 indexes. The systemicity of treatment process had an effect on 5 indexes except for the flow degree of patients. The humanity of medical team brought out the estimation of 4 indexes except for the patient flow degree and hospital image. The empathic ability of doctor and appropriacy of medical costs hold the next rank influencing 3 indexes. It reached the conclusion that the systemicity of medical team tend to determine the medical trust and patient reliability. The expertise, professional skill of doctor, the fault, commercial application, fame of medical team, the speed of treatment process, the newest and clean medical facility affected each one index. Conclusions : Korean medicine should find a way to consider the mind of patients for improving the medical quality through trust realization system, keeping up with times. As a result of this research, we can find out important causes which influence the trustful medical system. From now on, we should apply this result to actual treatment of psychology customized system. Also, more simple and clear questionnaire was organized through this research, it can be used to forward research to apprehend patient mentality more conveniently.

• Clean Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

In this study, we have investigated the kinetics on the char-CO₂ catalytic gasification reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments were carried out for char-CO₂ catalytic gasification of an Indonesian Kideco sub-bituminous. Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ were selected as catalysts which were physically mixed with coal. The char-CO₂ catalytic gasification reaction showed a rapid increase of carbon conversion rate at 850 ℃, 60 vol% CO₂, and 7 wt% Na₂CO₃. At the isothermal conditions ranging from 750 ℃ to 900 ℃, the carbon conversion rates increased as the temperature increased. Four kinetic models for gas-solid reaction including the shrinking core model (SCM), random pore model (RPM), volumetric reaction model (VRM), and modified volumetric reaction model (MVRM) were applied to the experimental data against the measured kinetic data. The gasification kinetics were suitably described by the MVRM for the Kideco sub-bituminous. The activation energies for each char mixed with Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ were found 55-71 kJ/mol and 69-87 kJ/mol.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-64
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is verifying which financial property of a venture company listed in KOSDAQ is a primary factor to determine Highly Successful company or Less Successful one. For sampling, I classified 405 venture companies, whose averages for 2005 of 2 standards are In the 30% high/low rank, as Highly Successful/Less Successful companies subject to the higher Operating Income to Total Assets and Return on Invested Capital (ROIC), the Highly Successful company. And I verified which variable is most important one to distinguish between Highly Successful companies and Less Successful ones among 24 financial ratios selected through preceding studies. For the analysis, I firstly extracted analogous variables by Stepwise Method and secondly carried out Multi variate Discriminant Analysis. The result mainly shows variables related to returns and stability similar to preceding studies. Especially, Operating Income to Total Assets reveals most reliable variable distinguishing between Highly Successful company and Less Successful one, whereas Current Ratio does not. When reliability of function formula of variables were compared with Operating Income to Total Assets standard and ROIC standard, there was almost no difference.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

In order to estimate the life of 2,5 inch HDD which is adopted by PC environment, make the test plan which reflect the failure mode of market, make the test model of accelerated life test which reflect the stress of temperature. after an analysis of the environment of PC using, test procedure was decided that operation was write 50 % and read 50 %, and then access method was sequential 50 % and random 50%. The acceleration life test was executed on condition that temperature was $50^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$, performance was 95 % in max performance, test time was 1000 hours. by the test of goodness of fit of anderson-darling of the failure data during test, it was confirmed that the distribution of failure fellow weibull. test for shape and scale was equal, and shape parameter was 0.7177, characteristic life was 429434 hours at normal user condition($30^{\circ}C$) by the analysis of weibull-arrhenius modeling. It made no difference about the statistics when equality test was executed. The activation energy was 0.2775eV. In analyzing between the failure samples of acceleration test and the samples of market return even though there is detail difference about the share of failure mode, the rank of share was almost same. This study suggest the test procedure of acceleration test of 2.5 inch HDD in PC using environment, and help the life estimation at manufacture and user.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.234-238
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• 2016

Solid ash-free coal (AFC) samples recovered from solvent-extracted solution by vacuum drying, dilution precipitation and spray drying methods were compared in terms of physical properties and chemical structure. AFC was prepared by using Kideco coal (Indonesian sub-bituminous coal) and polar N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent as raw materials. The physical properties of the AFCs were characterized with proximate, ultimate, and calorific value analysis. In analyzing the chemical structure, FTIR and NMR were used. the proximate analysis showed much reduced ash in the AFCs compared to parent raw coal. The FTIR result showed that the extraction solvent was not fully removed from the AFC prepared by vacuum drying. However, the solvent was not detected in the AFC recovered by using dilution precipitation. Dilution precipitation has advantages over the other two methods, since it can be done at relatively low temperature and separate ash-free coal from extraction solvent more effectively.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 2004

This paper presents a method to implicitly resolve ambiguities using dynamic incremental clustering in Korean-to-English and Japanese-to-English cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). The main objective of this paper shows that document clusters can effectively resolve the ambiguities tremendously increased in translated queries as well as take into account the context of all the terms in a document. In the framework we propose, a query in Korean/Japanese is first translated into English by looking up bilingual dictionaries, then documents are retrieved for the translated query terms based on the vector space retrieval model or the probabilistic retrieval model. For the top-ranked retrieved documents, query-oriented document clusters are incrementally created and the weight of each retrieved document is re-calculated by using the clusters. In the experiment based on TREC test collection, our method achieved 39.41% and 36.79% improvement for translated queries without ambiguity resolution in Korean-to-English CLIR, and 17.89% and 30.46% improvements in Japanese-to-English CLIR, on the vector space retrieval and on the probabilistic retrieval, respectively. Our method achieved 12.30% improvements for all translation queries, compared with blind feedback in Korean-to-English CLIR. These results indicate that cluster analysis help to resolve ambiguity.