• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.43-61
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet. Methods : We searched articles in 7 search engines with keywords related to 'Cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet' and 'Raynaud disease' in March 2021. Clinical studies that used acupuncture for cold hypersensitivity of hands or feet were included. Animal studies and nonclinical data were excluded. Data on acupuncture treatment such as methods, site, duration, frequency, and period were analyzed. Also, network analysis between acupoints was conducted. Results : Of 41 selected articles, there were 32 case reports, 7 randomized controlled trials, and 2 uncontrolled clinical studies. Studies were conducted using manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needling, pharmacopuncture, fire needling, and auricular acupuncture. Most studies used more than one acupoint (n=40), and there were 111 acupoints selected for acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet. The most commonly used acupoint was LI11 (n=27). In terms of the correlation of acupoints, LI11 had the highest value of degree centrality at 0.6989. The mean treatment time, number of treatments, and duration were 26.8±8.87 minutes, 15.51±15.75 times, and 77.69±132.80 days. Conclusions : The results of this study could be useful in establishing the evidence for performing standardized acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2021

Background: The primary indication for using long-acting anesthetics in dentistry is extensive dental procedures that require pulpal anesthesia beyond 90 min and management of postoperative pain. Ropivacaine is an amide local anesthetic that is available at various concentrations with inherent vasoconstrictive properties at low concentrations. Ropivacaine has a 75% greater margin of safety than bupivacaine. Ropivacaine can be a good alternative to bupivacaine as a local anesthetic in dental implant surgery as it provides a longer duration of both pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia after mandibular nerve block and lowers CNS and cardiovascular toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of ropivacaine and lignocaine for implant surgery anesthesia. Methods: Fifteen patients with bilateral edentulous sites indicated for implant placement were recruited for this study. Patients aged 20-60 years of both sexes were randomly recruited. Thirty implant placements were performed in the test and control groups using ropivacaine and lignocaine with adrenaline as local anesthetics, respectively. Results: The results were analyzed statistically. The duration of anesthesia was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group. Ropivacaine was found to be superior to lignocaine in terms of the quality of anesthesia. The comparison of mean visual analog scale scores showed ropivacaine to have better anesthetic and analgesic effects than the control group. Conclusion: Ropivacaine 0.75% provides a significantly longer duration of anesthesia than lignocaine 2% with adrenaline. Ropivacaine 0.75% decreased intraoperative and postoperative analgesia compared to lignocaine 2% with adrenaline. Hence, ropivacaine 0.75% can be used as an alternative to lignocaine in implant surgeries and other intraoral surgical procedures that require a longer duration of anesthesia and analgesia.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2022

Objectives This research aimed to investigate recent clinical treatment of herbal medicine fumigation for plantar fasciitis. Methods We searched recent clinical studies regarding herbal medicine fumigation in traditional Chinese medical journals on plantar fasciitis through the China Academic Journal (CAJ). Clinical articles published from 2012 to July 2022 were analyzed. This study examined the types of study, periods, herbal medicine, assessment, and risk of bias and conducted a comparative evaluation of herbal medicine fumigation added to other treatments. Results Ten studies were selected from 52 studies. Eight studies were classified as randomized controlled trial. Various assessment scales were used. Most treatments were administered for approximately 20 to 30 min once daily. Most studies revealed that herbal medicine fumigation is effective for plantar fasciitis. Conclusions Most studies showed that herbal medicine fumigation is effective for plantar fasciitis. More studies are needed for Korean medicine development.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.83-92
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review systemically journals on the studies for complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of endometriosis. Methods: Through medical websites, foreign clinical literatures about complementary and alternative medicines of endometriosis were searched. The cite used was http://www.Pubmed.gov. And then they were divided into three groups. In vitro, in vivo, clinical studies. Results: 1. We researched 2 papers about in vitro. Both were used extract of herbal mixture. And they used CCL5, SE-1, COUP-TF, 17-$\beta$-HSD1, 17-$\beta$-HSD2 which were not commonly used in Korea. 2. We researched 8 papers about in vivo. Most of them used blood-activating stasis-dispelling medicine, just few used tonic medicine. And they used acupuncture which were not used in Korea. Most of Korean paper also used blood-activating stasis-dispelling medicine and rarely used tonic medicine. 3. We researched 19 papers about clinical studies. They had much more cases(average=60) than Korean paper. They were also used western medicine randomized sham-controlled trial. Conclusion: Afterward we need to study for comparing western medicine and herb medicine. And we concern about acupuncture therapy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess how Traditional Chinese Medicine treats the medical condition of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Methods: The authors searched for relevant articles through the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure-www.global.cnki.net) with the following keywords: The main search was for the term 'RLS,' with supportive words added such as 'Acupunture', 'Acupoint', 'Meridian', 'Moxibustion', 'Massage', 'Acupoint injection'. Our search yielded a total of 233 articles; there were a total of 71 articles related to clinical fields. We then analyzed the chosen articles using a number of criteria including the study type used, the treatment method utilized, and the main effect of the treatment. Results: The 71 analyzed articles utilized the following type of study design: 4 were classified as Quasi-randomised trial, 22 as Randomized Controlled Trial, and 45 as a case report. Regarding the treatment used for RLS, 25 studies examined a single treatment modality, while 46 studies examined a complex treatment modality. There were a total of 10 types of acupuncture treatment used in treating RLS; several massage and acupoint injection method were also found. Finally, there were a few studies that used Moxibustion, as well as several supportive treatments like Cupping, Moxibustion, Steam-Washing, TDP (Teding Dancibo Pu) were found. Conclusions: Traditional Chinese Medicine has used a variety of different study designs and treatments vis-a-vis RLS. These treatments are also used to treat the condition in South Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.151-168
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• 2006

Objectives: To help the Oriental medicine clinical studies for the common cold treatment, this study analyzed the tendency of research into complementary medicine on the common cold recently published in PubMed. Methods: This study analyzed 26 research papers on complementary medicine on the common cold published in PubMed Over the past 10 years. It measured annually and for each country the number of papers published, the number of subjects, the period of research, the area of trial, the method of study, the objective of study, and intervention, respectively and intervention, the objective of study, and the result of trials overall. Results: There were research papers concerning treatment, prevention, safety of herbal medicine, inducement, and improvement of symptoms of the common cold in the study objective the most among them concerned treatment of the common cold. There were more positive results compared to negative results for treatment and prevention. The results for safety and symptom improvement were positive, while the results for the inducement were indeterminate. There were research papers about using food and medicine, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, and cold exposure in intervention the most among them were about using food and medicine. The food and medicine interventions were Echinacea preparations, vitamins, zinc preparations, Baptisia, Thuja, the root of North American ginseng, probiotic bacteria, troxerutin, garlic, Andrographis paniculata, and caffeine. The use of Echinacea preparations was the most frequent among them. Conclusions: Recent research results of complementary medicine on the common cold were more positive than negative.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this trial was to compare the alignment efficiency and intermaxillary arch dimension changes of nickel-titanium (NiTi) or copper-nickel-titanium (CuNiTi) round archwires with increasing diameters applied sequentially to the mandibular arch. Methods: The initial alignment phase of fixed orthodontic treatment with NiTi or CuNiTi round archwires was studied in a randomly allocated sample of 66 patients. The NiTi group comprised 26 women, 10 men, and the CuNiTi ($27^{\circ}C$) group comprised 20 women, 10 men. The eligibility criteria were as follows: anterior mandibular crowding of minimum 6 mm according to Little's Irregularity Index (LII), treatment requiring no extraction of premolars, 12 to 18 years of age, permanent dentition, skeletal and dental Class I malocclusion. The main outcome measure was the alignment of the mandibular anterior dentition; the secondary outcome measure was the change in mandibular dental arch dimensions during 12 weeks. Simple randomization (allocation ratio 1:1) was used in this single-blind study. LII and mandibular arch dimensions were measured on three-dimensional digital dental models at 2-week intervals. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between NiTi and CuNiTi according to LII (p > 0.05). Intercanine and intermolar arch perimeters increased in the CuNiTi group (p < 0.001). Inter-first premolar width showed a statistically significant interaction in week ${\times}$ diameter ${\times}$ application (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The effects of NiTi and CuNiTi round archwires were similar in terms of their alignment efficiency. However, the intercanine and intermolar arch perimeters, and the inter-first premolar width changes differed between groups.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2012

Ginseng has a long history of use for health enhancement, and there is some evidence from animal studies that it has a beneficial effect on cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng on cognitive performance in humans. A total of 15 healthy young males with no psychiatric or cognitive problems were selected based on an interview with a board-certified psychiatrist. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of 4,500 mg red ginseng or placebo for a 2-week trial. There were 8 subjects in the red ginseng group and 7 subjects in the placebo group. All of the subjects were analyzed with the Vienna test system and a P300 event-related potential (ERP) test. There were no significant differences in the Vienna test system scores between the red ginseng group and the placebo group. In the event-related potential test, the C3 latency of the red ginseng group tended to decrease during the study period (p=0.005). After 2 wk, significant decreases were observed in the P300 latencies at Cz (p=0.008), C3 (p=0.005), C4 (p=0.002), and C mean (p=0.003) in the red ginseng group. Our results suggest that the decreased latency in ERP is associated with improved cognitive function. Further studies with a higher dosage of ginseng, a larger sample size, and a longer follow-up period are necessary to confirm the clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2022

Background: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial that aimed to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine combined with different concentrations of epinephrine (plain, 1:200,000 and 1:80,000) during endodontic treatment of maxillary molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Methods: The trial included 144 adult patients who were randomly allocated to three treatment groups. All patients received buccal-plus-palatal infiltration. After 10 min, pulp sensibility testing was performed using an electric pulp test (EPT). If a tooth responded positively, anesthesia was considered to have failed. In the case of a negative EPT response, endodontic access was initiated under rubber dam isolation. The success of anesthesia was defined as having a pain score less than 55 on the Heft Parker visual analog scale (HP VAS), which was categorized as 'no pain' or 'faint/weak/mild' pain on the HP VAS. Baseline pre-injection and post-injection maximum heart rates were recorded. The Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the anesthetic success rates at 5% significance. Results: Plain 2% lidocaine and 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 1:80,000 epinephrine had anesthetic success rates of 18.75%, 72.9%, and 82.3%, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the groups (P < 0.001, 𝛘² = 47.5, df = 2). The maximum heart rate increase was seen with 2% lidocaine solution with epinephrine. Conclusion: Adding epinephrine to 2% lidocaine significantly improves its anesthetic success rates during the root canal treatment of maxillary molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.298-309
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• 2022

Background Hyponatremia overcorrection can result in irreversible neurologic impairment such as osmotic demyelination syndrome. Few prospective studies have identified patients undergoing hypertonic saline treatment with a high risk of hyponatremia overcorrection. Methods We conducted a post hoc analysis of a multicenter, prospective randomized controlled study, the SALSA trial, in 178 patients aged above 18 years with symptomatic hyponatremia (mean age, 73.1 years; mean serum sodium level, 118.2 mEq/L). Overcorrection was defined as an increase in serum sodium levels by >12 or 18 mEq/L within 24 or 48 hours, respectively. Results Among the 178 patients, 37 experienced hyponatremia overcorrection (20.8%), which was independently associated with initial serum sodium level (≤110, 110-115, 115-120, and 120-125 mEq/L with 7, 4, 2, and 0 points, respectively), chronic alcoholism (7 points), severe symptoms of hyponatremia (3 points), and initial potassium level (<3.0 mEq/L, 3 points). The NASK (hypoNatremia, Alcoholism, Severe symptoms, and hypoKalemia) score was derived from four risk factors for hyponatremia overcorrection and was significantly associated with overcorrection (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.61; p < 0.01) with good discrimination (area under the receiver-operating characteristic [AUROC] curve, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.85; p < 0.01). The AUROC curve of the NASK score was statistically better compared with those of each risk factor. Conclusion In treating patients with symptomatic hyponatremia, individuals with high hyponatremia overcorrection risks were predictable using a novel risk score summarizing baseline information.