• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

When a weapon system is developed, climate elements such as temperature, rainfall, and so on have an effect on development costs and a developing period. Therefore, effects of environment and climate must be examined throughly before the design of weapon systems and be applied to their developments. And so, operational and storage requirements for weapon systems are determined and are applied to related tests through analyzing not only environmental factors such as vibration, shock, and so on, but also climate factors. In this paper, the distribution and the frequency of occurrence of rainfall were analyzed and were suggested as a good guide to determine standards of tests for weapon systems when it's raining.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제15권
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• pp.53-67
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to provide with the hydro-meteological and probabilistic characteristics of the storms of typhoons that have been passed through the Korean peninsula during the last twenty-three years since 1961. The paths and intensities of the typhoons were analyzed. Fifty weather stations were selected and the rainfall data during typhoon periods were collected. Rainfall data were analyzed for the patterns and probabilistic distributions. The results were presented to describe the areal distributions of probabilistic characteristics. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The most frequent typhoon path that has passed through the Korean peninsula was type E, followed by types CWE, W, WE, and S. The most frequent typhoon intensity was type B, followed by A, super A, and e types, respectively. 2. The third quartile typhoon rainfall patterns appear most frequently followed by the second, first, and last quartiles, respectively, in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju and Taejon. The single typhoon rainfalls with long rainfall durations tended to show delayed type rainfall patterns predominantly compared to the single rainfalls with short rainfall durations. 3. The most frequent probabilistic distribution of typhoon rainfall event is Pearson type-III, followed by Two-parameter lognormal distribution, and Type-I extremal distribution. 4. The most frequent probability distribution model of seashore location was Pearson type-III distribution. The most frequent probability distribution model of inland location was two parameter lognormal distribution.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.275-290
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 극치강우의 시간분포 연구를 위하여 서울지점 우량관측소의 자기기록지를 1분단위로 독취한 MMR(minutely data using the magnetic recording)자료와 최근 들어 관측을 시작한 AWS (automatic weather system) 분단위기상관측 자료를 이용하여 연최대치 계열의 중앙값을 기준으로 한 POT(peaks over threshold) 계열 추출을 통하여 강우의 최적 시간분포 모형을 개발하였다. 기존 Huff 방법에서의 최대 단점인 지속기간별 시간분포 변화 특성을 고려하지 못하는 점과 강우사상별 강우총량에 대한 기준강우량의 일괄적용 등의 문제를 개선하였으며, 분단위 관측자료의 가중치 적용을 통한 순위결정으로 최빈분위를 선택하고 IQR (interquartile range) matrix의 적용을 통한 Quartile별 호우사상을 추출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 추출된 분단위 무차원 단위우량주상도에 핵밀도함수를 적용하여 자료의 크기와 분포 특성을 고려한 지속기간별 최적 시간분포형을 유도하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the duration and time distribution of probability rainfall on farmland inundation for the paddy fields in the drainage improvement project site. In this study, eight drainage improvement project sites were selected for inundation modeling. Hourly rainfall data were collected, and 20- and 30-year frequency probability rainfalls were estimated for 14 different durations. Probability rainfalls were distributed using Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) and Huff time distribution methods. Design floods were calculated for 48 hr and critical duration, and IDF time distribution and Huff time distribution were used for 48 hr duration and critical duration, respectively. Inundation modeling was carried out for each study district using 48 hr and critical duration rainfalls. The result showed that six of the eight districts had a larger flood discharge using the method of applying critical duration and Huff distribution. The results of inundation depth analysis showed similar trends to those of design flood calculations. However, the inundation durations showed different tendencies from the inundation depth. The IDF time distribution is a distribution in which most of the rainfall is concentrated at the beginning of rainfall, and the theoretical background is unclear. It is considered desirable to apply critical duration and Huff time distribution to agricultural production infrastructure design standards in consideration of uniformity with other design standards such as flood calculation standard guidelines.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.518-528
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 대관령 지역에서의 광학우적계(PARSIVEL disdrometer) 강수관측으로부터 산출된 강수율에 따른 강수입자분포 자료를 바탕으로 기존의 강수입자분포 모형을 개선하였다. 선행 연구에서 제안한 다양한 강수입자분포 모형과 측정 자료와의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 대관령 지역에 적용 가능한 원형 모형은 개선된 ${\Gamma}$ 분포 모형임을 확인하였다. 원형 모형을 대관령 지역에 적용할 수 있도록, 민감도 실험을 통해 최적의 매개변수들(${\alpha}$, A, B)을 산정하였으며, 다섯 가지 강수율에 대한 강수입자분포 모형을 제안하였다. 강수율에 따른 강수입자분포 모형의 결과는 관측에서 측정된 값과 높은 상관성($R^2=0.975$)을 보였다. 강수율에 따라 표현되는 강수입자분포 모형을 일반화 형태로 개선하기 위해 강수율과 매개변수의 상관성을 도출하여 일반식을 결정하였다. 일반화된 강수입자분포 모형은 대관령 지역의 강수입자분포 측정 자료와 높은 상관성($R^2=0.953$)을 보였으며, 이는 본 연구에서 제안한 모형이 대관령 지역의 강수입자분포를 모의하는데 효과적임을 의미한다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제안된 강수입자분포 모형은 대관령 지역의 강수입자분포에만 최적화 되었다는 한계성이 있어, 따라서 한반도를 대표하는 모형을 개발하기 위해서는 다른 지역에 대한 광범위한 측정이 필요하다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.256-272
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• 2017

Extreme rainfall has become more frequent over the Korean peninsula in recent years, causing serious damages. In a changing climate, traditional approaches based on historical records of rainfall and on the stationary assumption can be inadequate and lead to overestimate (or underestimate) the design rainfalls. A main objective of this study is to develop a stochastic disaggregation method of seasonal rainfall to hourly extreme rainfall, and offer a way to derive the nonstationary IDF curves. In this study, we propose a novel approach based on a Four-Parameter Beta (4P-beta) distribution to estimate the nonstationary IDF curves conditioned on the observed (or simulated) seasonal rainfall, which becomes the time-varying upper bound of the 4P beta distribution. Moreover, this study employed a Bayesian framework that provides a better way to take into account the uncertainty in the model parameters. The proposed model showed a comparable design rainfall to that of GEV distribution under the stationary assumption. As a nonstationary rainfall frequency model, the proposed model can effectively translate the seasonal variation into the sub-daily extreme rainfall.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2010

수문학적 강우-유출 모형의 가장 중요한 입력 자료는 강우량 자료이다. 기존에는 지상 우량계 관측자료의 점 우량을 티센, 역거리제곱법, 크리깅 등의 내삽방법을 사용하여 유역의 면적강우량을 산정하였다. 그러나 이러한 방법들도 여전히 유역 내의 정확한 강우의 분포 추정에 많은 어려움이 있다. 강우 레이다의 경우 공간적인 측정을 통하여 보다 정확하게 강우의 공간적 분포를 파악할 수 있게 한다. 본 연구에서는 지상 우량계에서 관측된 점 우량을 역거리제곱법(Inverse Distance Squared, IDS)과 크리깅 기법으로 면적강우량의 공간분포를 산출하였고, 이를 강우레이다로부터 추정된 레이다 강우의 공간분포와 비교하였다. 그 결과 레이다에 의해 측정된 강우가 현실적인 강우의 공간 분포를 제공하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2007

강우분포형에 따라 이동강우가 지표면유출에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 지배방정식으로 운동파방정식을 적용하였다. 이동강우의 강우분포형은 균등분포형, 전진형, 지연형, 중앙집중형을 사용하였으며, 이동강우에 상응하는 정지강우의 경우와 유출을 비교하였다. 본 연구에 적용한 강우의 이동속도는 0.125-2.0m/s이며, 이동방향은 지표면의 상류와 하류방향을 고려하였다. 이동강우의 강우분포형과 이동강우의 특성은 지표면 유출수문곡선의 모양과 첨두유량에 현저하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 모든 강우분포형에서 하류방향의 이동강우에 의하여 가장 큰 첨두유량이 발생함을 알 수 있으며, 강우분포형에 의한 유출량 민감도는 강우이동 속도가 증가함에 따라 감소하고 있다. 강우이동속도가 빠르면 첨두시간이 짧아지고 수문곡선의 모양이 급격히 얇아진다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2022

The sewer capacity design have been based on the Huff model or the rational equation in South Korea and often failed to determine optimal capacity, resulting in frequent urban flooding or over-sizing. A time distribution of rainfall (i.e., Huff or ABM method) could be used instead of a rainfall hyetograph obtained from statistical analysis of previous rainfalls. In this study, the Huff method and the ABM method, which predict the time distribution of rain intensity, which are widely used to calculate sewage pipe drainage capacity using the SWMM, were compared with the standard rainfall intensity hyetograph of Seoul. If the rainfall duration was 30 minutes to 180 minutes, the rainfall intensity value calculated by the Huff model tended to be less than the rainfall intensity value of the standard rainfall intensity in the initial 5-10 minutes. As a result, more than 10% to 30% of under-design would be made. In addition, the rainfall intensity value calculated by the Huff model from the section excluding the initial 5-10 minutes of rainfall to the rainfall duration was calculated larger than the value using the standard rainfall intensity equation, which would result in an over-design of 10% to 30%. In the case of a relatively long rainfall duration of 360 minutes (6 hours) to 1,440 minutes (24 hours), it showed an lower rainfall intensity of 60 to 90% in the early stages of rainfall, but the problem of under-design had been solved as the rainfall duration time had elapsed. On the other hand, in the alternating block method (ABM) method, it was found that the rainfall intensity at the entire period at each assumed rainfall duration accurately matched the standard rainfall intensity hyetograph of Seoul.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.595-598
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• 2004

This research seeks to derive the design rainfalls through the L-moment with the test of homogeneity, independence and outlier of data on annual maximum daily rainfall at 38 rainfall stations in Korea. To select the appropriate distribution of annual maximum daily rainfall data by the rainfall stations, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic (GLO), Generalized Pareto (GPA), Generalized Normal (GNO) and Pearson Type 3 (PT3) probability distributions were applied and their aptness were judged using an L-moment ratio diagram and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Parameters of appropriate distributions were estimated from the observed and simulated annual maximum daily rainfall using Monte Carlo techniques. Design rainfalls were finally derived by GEV distribution, which was proved to be more appropriate than the other distributions.