• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.579-589
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• 2017

Glucosinolates (GSLs), beneficial secondary metabolites for human health are abundantly present in radish vegetable. Radish is a member of Brassicaceae family and its seed, leaf and root contain very important GSLs. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of individual and total GSL contents in leaves and roots of 44 radish (Raphanus spp.) germplasm (26 R. sativus L., 3 R. raphanistrum, and 15 R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides Makino), and compare the GSL contents between leaves and roots among three Raphanus species. Thirteen GSLs were identified, being the glucoraphasatin (GRS) and glucobrassicin (GBS) the most abundant aliphatic and indolyl GSLs in both the leaves and roots. Variation in individual and total GSL contents was found among the germplasm of three Raphanus species. The GRS content was higher in roots than that of leaves in all three Raphanus species but the GBS content was higher in leaves than roots. GRS was represented 87.0%, 92.7% and 94.7% of the total GSL in roots of R. sativus L., R. raphanistrum and R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) germplasm, respectively. Germplasm of R. raphanistrum exhibited the highest (average, $79.5{\mu}mol/g\;dw$) total GSL with a ranged from 62.7 to $92.9{\mu}mol/g\;dw$. The germplasm IT119288, Joseonmu and IT119262 from R. sativus L., RA 504 and K046542 from R. raphanistrum, and Gyeongju-2003-32 (G2003-32) and IT302373 from R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) had high total GSL contents and these could be good candidates for developing the functional compounds-rich varieties in radish breeding program.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.907-911
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• 2008

무(Raphanus sativus L.)는 세계적으로 중요한 작물 중의 하나이다. 십자화과 식물 종자 생산에서 원하지 않은 내교잡에 의한 종자 결실로 오염이 발생하므로 씨의 순수성 검증은 매우 중요하다. 재배종 진주 대평 무(R. sativus cv. Daepeng)와 백자 무(R. sativus cv. Backza)의 교잡 분석을 실시하였다. 알로자임으로 상업적으로 이용되는 잡종 제1세대($F_1$) 무에 있어서 씨의 순수성을 평가하였다. 웅성과 자성 양친 360개체에 27개 대립유전자좌위를 조사하였다. 특히 Par-1 ($aa{\times}bb$), Lap-1($aa{\times}bb$), Est-1 ($aa{\times}bb$)에서 명확한 잡종 밴드를 나타내었다. Est-1 대립유전자좌위에서 자성 배우체로부터 기원된 것이 15개체(8.3%)가 발견되었고, 웅성 배우체로부터 기원된 것이 26개체(14.4%)가 발견되었다. 또한 다양도 측면에서 양친 계통에 비해 잡종 계통에서 높은 유전적 다양도를 유지하고 있었다. 샤논의 정보지수(Shannon's index)를 이용한 표현형 다양도는 교잡 계통이 가장 높았다. 알로자임에 의한 무 계통의 교잡에 의한 종자 생성에서 씨에 대한 순수성 검증이 효과적으로 탐지되어 육종 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.863-866
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• 2001

Radish추출물을 수용성과 지용성으로 나누어 추출하여 DPPH 저해율, SOD 활성율, Catalase 활성, collagen 함량변화를 측정한 결과, DPPH 저해율과 Catalase 활성은 수용성 추출물(81.0%, 175units/mg)에서 높게 나타났고, SOD 활성율에서는 지용성 추출물(92.3%)이 높게 나타났다. 콜라겐$(21.45{\mu}g)$내의 pyridinoline의 함량은 control에 비해 수용성과 지용성 추출물을 첨가한 반응액에서 적었으며, 두 추출물을 비교해 봤을 때 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2015

The uranium removal capacity of radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.) in groundwater was calculated on the basis of the amount of uranium accumulated in the radish sprouts rather than the concentration in solution, of which process was very limited in previous studies. Continuous rhizofiltration clean-up system was designed to investigate the feasibility of radish sprouts, applying for uranium contaminated groundwater (U concentration: 110 μg/L) taken at Bugogdong, Busan. Six acrylic boxes (10 cm × 30 cm × 10 cm) were connected in a direct series for the continuous rhizofiltration system and 200 g of radish sprouts cultivars was placed in each box. The groundwater was flushed through the system for 48 hours at the constant rate of 5 mL/min. The rhizofiltration system was operated in the phytotron, of which conditions were at 25℃ temperature, 70% of relative humidity, 4,000 Lux illumination (16 hours/day) and 600 mg/L of CO₂ concentration. While 14.4 L of contaminated groundwater was treated, the uranium removal efficiency of the radish sprouts (1,200 g in wet weight) was 77.2% and their removal capacities ranged at 152.1 μg/g-239.7 μg/g (the average: 210.8 μg/g), suggesting that the radish sprouts belong to the group of hyper-accumulation species. After the experiment, the sum of U amounts accumulated in radish sprouts and remained in groundwater was 1,472.2 μg and the uranium recovery ratio of this rhizofiltration experiment was 92.9%. From the results, it was investigated that the radish sprouts can remove large amounts of uranium from contaminated groundwater in a short time (few days) because the fast growth rate and the high U accumulation adsorption capacity.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회:발표눈문요지록
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• pp.11-11
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• 2001

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 1989

Effects of triacontanol(TRIA) on several parameters of senescence including the changes of related enzyme activities were investigated in radish(Raphanus sativus L._ cotyledons developing in light. In senescing radish cotyledons, 1.0mg TRIA/1 retarded the degradation of chlorophyll content. Moreover, it depressed the increases of malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents compared to the control. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were highly maintained but the increase of peroxidase activity was inhibited remarkably under the TRIA application. These results suggested that TRIA participated in the regulation of senescence during the late part of cotyledon development where it delayed senescence through its action on free radical-associated enzymes and consequent metabolic turnover.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2001

To isolate antifungal substances from Korean radish (Raphanus Sativus L.) seeds, various purification techniques such as DE52 cellulose anion exchange, SP-Sephadex C-25 cation exchange, and Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatographies were used. The molecular masses of two purified R. sativus antifungal proteins (RAPs) were estimated to be about 6.1 kDa (RAP-1) and 6.2 kDa (RAP-2) by SDS-PAGE, and 5.8 kDa(RAP-1) and 6.2 kDa (RAP-2 by a gel filtration chromatography, respectively. Purified proteins RAP-1 and 2 clearly exhibited different growth inhibitory activities against other microorganisms like Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although they have similar molecular masses, both RAP-1 and 2 proteins are not identical because their microbial inhibitory actions were different. Therefore, RAP-1 could be a new antifungal protein when compared with the antifungal activities of 2S albumins, Rs-AFPs, Mj-AMPs, chitinase, glucanase, permatin, and ribosome inactivating proteins, all of which are anifungal proteins of plants.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권9호통권89호
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• pp.1294-1297
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• 2007

국내 시판 무 (Baekwoon) 의 씨앗으로부터 항 진균 단백질들을 (RAP-l,2)분리 하였으며[12] 이들 항 진균 단백질을 MALDI-TOF실험결과, 2S storage albumin, Rs-AFP등 지하부 식물의 defensin protein과[15] 일치함을 확인하였고 이에 시판되는 7종의 각각의 무 씨앗으로부터 조 단백질과 Total RNA를 분리 하여 항 효모 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans.) 및 항 곰팡이 (Botrytis cenma)에 대한 항 진균성을 실험한 결과 항 곰팡이 활성은 모든 품종에서 보였으나 항 효모 활성은2 종 (Myungsan, Baekwoon) 의 무에서만 보였 다 . 또한 기존에 알려진 항 진균 단백질 (Rs-AFP)의 유전자를 Gene Bank/EMBL 에서 획득하여 씨앗으로부터 분리한 Total RNA 에 RT-PCR 한결과, 7종 중 2종은 0.2kb 의 산물이 보이지 않았다. 이들 Ks-AFP 유전자산물을 염기서열을 분석하였으며 이 염기서열에서 얻어진 아미노산 서열을 Clustal W를 이용한 pairwise alignment 분석에 의해 국내 시판 무 의 품종간 각clone의 계통수를 분석한 결과를 보고한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2009

In the present study, we analyzed the defensin protein deduced from Korean radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds.To express the genes in E. coli, we constructed a recombinant expression vector with a defensin gene, named rKRs-AFP gene isolated from Korean radish seeds. Over expressed rKRs-AFP proteins was separated by SDS-PAGE to determine the purity, and protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method. Antifungal activity was assessed by disk assay method against the tested fungi. As a result, when 500 mL of cell culture were disrupted by sonicator, 32.5 mg total proteins were obtained. The purified protein showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with estimated molecular weight about 6 KDa, consistent with the molecular mass calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence. The purified rKRs-AFP protein showed remarkable antifungal activities against several fungi including Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea causing the gray mold disease, and Candida albicans. In field tests using the purified rKRs-AFP protein, the protein showed the reducing activity of disease spot and the mitigating effect of spreading of disease like agrichemicals. The immuno-assay of rKRs-AFP protein showed that the purified protein entirely accumulated at B. cinerea cytoplasm through the hyphal septa shown by fluorescence imaging. There was no fluorescence inside the cell, when the hypha was incubated without the protein. These all results indicate that the recombinant rKRs-AFP proteins can be utilized as a potential antifungal drug to control harmful plant fungal pathogens.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 1995

Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis f. raphanistroides (wild radish: Brassicaceae), a herbaceous perennial, occurs only on beaches in East Asia. Genetic diversity and population structure of seven Korean populations were investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Although the Korean populatins are small, isolated with patchy distribution, the population maintain a moderate level of genetic diversity; the mean percentage fo polymorphic loci was 51.4%, mean number of alleles per locus was 1.84, and mean expected heterozygosity was 0.116. A combination of animal-outcrossing breeding system, wide geographical distribution, restricted ecological distribution, and a propensity for high fecundity may in part be explanatory factors contributing the moderate level of genetic diversity within populations. An overall excess of homozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expetations (mean FISa=0.116) indicates that consanguineous mating occur within wild radish populations, leading to a family structure within a circumscribed area. Although population of wild radish experience a limited gene flow, only 5% of the total genetic variation found in Korean wild radish populations examined is due to differences among populations (mean GST=0.052). This value is considerably lower than the mean values of species with similar life history and ecological characteristics. However, significant differences were found in allele frequencies between populations for all polymorphic loci (P<0.01). It is supposed that directional selection toward genetic uniformity (similar gene frequencies) in a relatively homogenous habitat is thought to be operated among Korean wild radish populations.