• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2008

목 적: 영유아에서 위식도 역류는 흔한 질환이며, 위식도 역류의 합병증으로 위 내용물의 폐 흡인에 의한 만성 호흡기 질환이 생길 수 있으나 이를 진단하기 위한 표준적인 검사 방법이 없다. 본 연구에서는 위식도 역류와 폐 흡인 진단 방법으로서 위식도 역류 신티그래피의 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 위식도 역류로 인한 흡인 폐렴이 의심된 35명의 환아와 정상 대조군 5명을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 대상아에게 $^{99m}Tc$-tin colloid를 첨가한 우유를 수유한 후 위식도 역류 신티그래피를 시행하였다. 위식도 역류를 진단하기 위해 1시간 동안 동적 영상을 촬영하였고, 폐 흡인을 진단하기 위해 6시간과 24시간 후 지연 영상으로 정적 영상을 얻었다. 폐 흡인의 진단을 위해 육안분석과 함께 양쪽 폐에 관심 영역을 설정하여 정량 분석을 시행하였다. 흡인 지수는 관심 영역에서 배경 영역의 계수치를 뺀 값으로 정의하였다. 결 과: 35명의 환아 중 23명에서 신티그래피상 위식도 역류가 관찰되었고, 정상 대조군 5명에서는 위식도 역류가 발견되지 않았다. 환아군 35명 중 24명에게 24시간 하부 식도 pH 검사를 시행하였고, 7명에서 산성역류가 확인되었다. 신티그래피와 하부 식도 pH 검사를 동시에 받은 24명 중 8명에서 두 검사의 결과가 일치하여 두 검사는 위식도 역류의 진단에 있어 일치하지 않았다. 환아군 35명 중 16명에게 흉부 전산화 단층 촬영을 시행하여 13명의 환아에서 의존성 위치에 폐 경화가 발견되어 흡인 폐렴으로 진단하였고, 이 환아들이 신티그래피에서도 폐 흡인이 있었는지 그 일치도를 알아보았을 때, 두 검사는 폐 흡인의 진단에 있어 일치하지 않았다. 한 명의 환아에서 6시간 후 지연 영상에 우폐로 역류된 방사능이 육안적으로 관찰되었다. 대조군과 비교하였을 때, 30명(85.7%)의 환아에서 흡인 지수가 결정점인 0.3보다 높아 폐 흡인의 가능성이 높은 것으로 진단하였다. 역류군과 비 역류군을 비교하였을 때, 6시간 후 지연 영상에서 흡인 지수는 역류군에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 결 론: 위식도 역류 신티그래피는 비 침습적이고 안전한 검사로 위식도 역류의 진단에 있어서는 24시간 하부 식도 pH 검사에 비하여 부족하지만 역류로 인한 소량의 폐 흡인을 진단하는데 유용하며, 앞으로 통계학적으로 의미 있는 수의 대조군 연구가 수행된다면 폐 흡인을 확진할 수 있는 진단 기준이 나올 것으로 생각된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of both planar and SPECT imagings by comparing the results with the clinical and other imaging modalities findings. Materials and Methods: A total of 578 joints with TMJ complaints were examined using planar scintigraphy and SPECT. The planar scintigraphy and SPECT findings were analyzed and compared to the clinical findings of pain, clicking, crepitus and limitation of mouth opening. Moreover we compared the accuracy of the planar scintigraphy and SPECT methods with the one of the panoramic, transcranial, tomographic and MR imaging methods. Results: The planar scintigraphy and SPECT methods showed a high sensitivity of 0.76-0.84 and low specificity of 0.25-0.45 toward the clinical findings: pain, clicking, crepitus and mouth opening restriction. Simple radionuclide uptake ratio was high in each group of patients with pain, crepitus, limitation of mouth opening (p < 0.05) complaints, in each group with positive bone changes on panoramic, transcranial or tomographic images, and in disc displaced group. Conclusion: Although both planar and SPECT imagings have limited specificity, these techniques are sensitive for detection of internal derangement of the TMJ.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2015

In order to measure the Radionuclides and Concentration, the directly grinded land samples (river soil, pine leaves and mugwort) among the environment samples around the nuclear power plant were filled in a 450 mL Marinelli beaker and weighed to obtain the dry mass ratio of the samples. Then the background and land samples were measured for 80,000 sec. The analysis of the collected land samples showed that most of them contained less radiation nuclide than the detection minimum limit in the 'Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Public Notice No. 2010-32.'In others, the natural radionuclides $^{40}K$ were detected. Of the products of nuclear reaction discharged by a nuclear reaction, $^{134}Cs$ and $^{137}Cs$ are more easily detected, and their discharge sources can be traced using the relative ratio. Although the radioactive concentration in the vicinity of Kori Nuclear Power Plant, which is more than 1,100km away from Fukushima, the Japanese nuclear accident site, continuous monitoring is needed as the radionuclides can still be accumulated in the soil or animals and plants.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1986

Thyroid scans using $Na^{131}I\;and\;^{99m}TcO_4^-$ in two (anterior and anterior oblique) projections were done simultaneously in 50 patients with single palpable nodule and in euthyroid state(nodular nontoxic goiter) and 20 normal subjects to evaluate the imaging ability of each radionuclide and the necessity of oblique view. In detection of a nodule as a cold or cool area, $^{99m}TcO_4^-$ was slightly superior to $^{131}I$(82 % to 78% with anterior view alone, 92% to 84% when oblique view is added in detectability), with addition of an oblique view, 5 more cold or cool area in $^{99m}Tc$ scan and 3 more $^{131}I$ scan were detected. In normal subjects $^{99m}TcO_4^-$ scan was significantly superior to $^{131}I$ scan(90% to 70%) in getting normal pattern of tracer uptake in the glands. For routine imaging study of the thyroid, $^{99m}Tc$ pertechnetate scan with multiple projection is considered to be a preferable method.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 1987

Among noninvasive approaches for the evaluation of left ventricular performance, radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) has been shown to be of particular values. Phase analysis, recently introduced as more objective means for evaluating the temporal sequence of systolic ventricular wall motion than cine image of RVG comprises a pixel by pixel Fourier transformation of the time activity curve of a multiple gated acquisition equilibrium blood pool study. To examine the regional wall motion of ventricles in myocardial infarctions, we evaluated the phase image and histogram constructed for each ventricle by total phase angle range and full width of half maximum (FWHM). This study consisted of 7 normal subjects and 23 subjects with acute myocardial infarction. Contrast ventriculography and coronary angiography was performed in all partients with myocardial infarction. And we compared the result of phase analysis with cine image of RVG and examined the interrelationship between phase analysis and contrast ventriculography with coronary angiography. The results were as follows; 1) The total phase angle range and FWHM of LV phase histogram in myocardial infarction ($86^{\circ}\;and\;32^{\circ}$, repectively) were wider than those in normal control ($38^{\circ}\;and\;18^{\circ}$, respectively p<0.01). 2) RV phase angle range and FWHM in patients with right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion ($79^{\circ}\;and\;37^{\circ}$, respectively) were wider than those in normal control ($39^{\circ}\;and\;18^{\circ}$, respectively p<0.001) and the patients without RCA occlusion ($52^{\circ}\;and\;19^{\circ}$, respectively p<0.01). 3) Phase analysis was more sensitive (95%) than cine image of RVG (70%) for the detection of regional wall motion abnormality of LV.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.604-608
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• 2006

폴리설폰 기저층에 무기섬광체인 ZnS(Ag)를 도포시켜 방사성 오염도를 측정하는데 사용될 수 있는 고분자 복합체를 제조하였다. 복합체는 방사성 오염물과 반응하여 섬광을 일으키는 무기섬광체의 활성층과 기계적 물성을 소지하여 전체적인 안정성을 부여하며 생성된 섬광의 광자들이 원활하게 투과될 수 있도록 하는 투명층의 폴리설폰 기저층으로 이루어져 있다. 기저층에 섬광체를 포함하는 활성층의 접착은 별도의 접착제 없이 기저 고분자와 동일한 폴리설폰을 바인더로 이용하여 도포시켰으며, 도포 방법으로는 어플리케이터를 이용한 제막방법과 스크린 프린팅을 이용하는 프린팅 기법을 사용하였다. 제조된 복합체는 기저층과 활성층이 일체형을 이루며 서로 완벽하게 접착되었음을 보였다. 제막방법을 통해 이루어진 복합체는 알파선을 탐지에 적합한 검출 특성을 보였으나, 도포 후 형상변형이 일어났으며 스크린 프린팅을 통해 제조된 복합체는 알파오염물에 대한 적절한 탐지특성 및 안정된 형상을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 원자력 사고 또는 방사선 비상 시 지표면에 침적될 수 있는 감마선방출 핵종의 방사능을 신속하게 평가하기 위해 이용될 수 있는 NaI(Tl), $LaBr_3$(Ce) 및 $CeBr_3$ 섬광검출기의 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 검출성능은 최소검출가능방사능(MDA, Minimum Detectable Activity)을 통해 평가하였으며, 각 검출기의 지표면 침적 감마선방출 핵종에 대한 검출효율은 수학적 모델링과 점선원을 이용하여 반실험적으로 산출하였다. MDA 평가를 위한 백그라운드 감마선에너지스펙트럼은 비교적 넓고 평탄한 초지에서 측정되었으며, 원자력 사고 시 방출될 수 있는 주요 핵종에 대한 각 검출기의 MDA를 산출하였다. 그 결과 일반 환경방사능 준위에서 지표면 침적 감마핵종에 대한 각 검출기의 MDA 크기는 대체로"NaI(Tl)> $LaBr_3$(Ce)> $CeBr_3$"로 평가되었으며, 백그라운드 준위가 유사한 에너지 영역에서는 분해능이 가장 우수한 $LaBr_3$(Ce)에서 최소 값을 보였다. 이는 관심 핵종의 감마선에너지 영역에 대한 각 검출기의 자체 및 측정 환경 백그라운드, 측정 효율, 그리고 에너지 분해능 특성을 바탕으로 비교 분석되었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1982

Several recent advances in our knowledge of thyroid physiology have broad application to the diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders. For in the thyroid, more than other endocrine organs, pathophysiology can be translated directly into the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease. Graves' disease is a syndrome including goiter with hyperthyroidism, exophthalmos and dermopathy. The pathogenesis of Graves' disease is not yet clearly identified, but various autoantibodies to the thyroid gland and immunopathologic studies indicate that autoimmune processes are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The diagnosis and management of Graves' disease are largely dependent on radionuclide techniques as radioimmunoassay, radioactive iodine therapy and so on. Several laboratory tests are also developed to determine the remission of this disase including TRH stimulation test, $T_3$ suppression test and detection of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins. Autoimmune thyroiditis is almost certainly a primary immunologic disease and the incidence tends to increase recently, mainly due to the application of biopsy technique in thyroid diseases. Thyroid nodules have been a great challenge to physicians because of the possibility of malignancy. But recently, cytologic examination of thyroid aspirate provides a very simple and also reliable diagnostic method in patients with thyroid nodules. In 163 patients with thyroid nodules, only 19.3% was revealed to be malignant. Therefore cytologic examination of thyroid aspirate and thyroid biopsy should be included in the diagnosis of nodular patients prior to surgical intervention. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on the pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory findings and therapeutic modalities of various thyroid diseases on the basis of over 80 researches performed during the past 20 years at radioisotope clinic, Seoul National University Hospital.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1985

With the improvement of hemodialysis, the course of the disease in patient with endstage renal disease has been clearly improved. Nevertheless, among several shortcomings to our present mode of renal replacement therapy, cardiovascular complications have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Several factors such as anemia, arteriovenous shunting of blood, intermittent extracorporeal circulation and hypertension may be contributing. But little is known about the quantitative cardiac hemodynamic characteristics occurred during hemodialysis. The purpose of this study is to observe the sequential hemodynamic changes before, during and after the hemodialysis and to investigate reliable parameters in the detection of ventricular dysfunction. In the present study, equilibrium radionuclide cardiac angiography was performed and left and right ventricular volume indices, ejection phase indices of both ventricular, performance were measured in the 16 stable patients with chronic renal failure treated with maintenance hemodialysis sequentially i.e. before, during (early and late phase) and after the hemodialysis. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The indices of the left ventricular function were not changed during the hemodialysis but increased after the hemodialysis. 2) The indices of the right ventricular function(EF, SVI) were significantly decreased in the early phase (15, 30 minutes after starting extracorporeal circulation) but recovered after the hemodialysis. 3) The ratio of right ventricular to left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased in the early phase and the lung volume indices were significantly increased at the same phase. As a conclusion, hemodialysis improves left ventricular function maybe due to increased contractility, and effects on the right ventricular function maybe due to the increased lung volume in the early phase of hemodialysis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2015

Background: Fluorine-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) and bone scintigraphy (BS) are widely used for the detection of bone involvement. The optimal imaging modality for the detection of bone metastases in hormone receptor positive (+) and negative (-) groups of breast cancer remains ambiguous. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two patients with breast cancer, who had undergone both 18F-FDG-PET/CT and BS, being eventually diagnosed as having bone metastases, were enrolled in this study. Results: 18F-FDG-PET/CT had higher sensitivity and specificity than BS. Our data showed that 18F-FDGPET/CT had a sensitivity of 93.4% and a specificity of 99.4%, whiel for BS they were 84.5%, and 89.6% in the diagnosis of bone metastases. ${\kappa}$ statistics were calculated for 18F-FDGPET/CT and BS. The ${\kappa}$-value was 0.65 between 18F-FDG-PET/CT and BS in all patients. On the other hand, the ${\kappa}$-values were 0.70 in the hormone receptor (+) group, and 0.51 in hormone receptor (-) group. The ${\kappa}$-values suggested excellent agreement between all patient and hormone receptor (+) groups, while the ${\kappa}$-values suggested good agreement in the hormone receptor (-) group. Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity for 18F-FDG-PET/CT were higher than BS in the screening of metastatic bone lesions in all patients. Similarly 18F-FDG-PET/CT had higher sensitivity and specificity in hormone receptor (+) and (-) groups.