• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.506-515
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• 1991

Serum concentration of selenium were measured ; Studying 36 patients with Hepatoma. 19 with Hepatitis 15 with Liver cirrhosis and 67 Normal control to discover the correlation between serum selenum and cancer. And it have tested also the serum protein and albumin to compare the nutrition status by researching the same persons above The results of those two experiments are as follow : 1) The mean of each group of patients resulting from mearsuing the serum protein content showing 6.91$\pm$0.10g/dl in the patients with hepatoma 7.05$\pm$0.17g/dl in the ones with hepatitis 6.42$\pm$0.13g/dl in the ones with liver cirrhosis and 7.46$\pm$0.06g/dl in the normal control is all being within the normal range such as 6.0-0.8(g/dl) while the distribution is revealin 10.5%, 13.3% in the patients with hepatitis and liver cirrhosis which are below the normal range and 47.2%, 96.9%, 80.0% in the low range of normal one ; therefore in could see that patientsw compared with normal control are in low level in the serum protein content 2) The mean based on the consquence of serum albumin measurement is 3.74$\pm$0.11g/dl. 4.26$\pm$0.13g/dl 4.73$\pm$0.06g/dl in the patients with hepatoma hepatits and normal control which are in between the normal range such as 3.5-5.5(g/dl) except the patients with liver cirrhosis(3/05$\pm$0.12g/dl) while the distribution of the patients with hepatoma an liver cirrhosis is showing 27.8% 73.3% which are below the normal one and 55.5%, 52.6% and 26.7% in the patients with hepatoma hepatits and liver cirrhosis which are in the low area of normal range ; as a result It could find that patients. compared with the normal control are in low level in serum albumin measurement. 3) The mean consulting the serum concentration is 430.86$\pm$26.06$\mu\textrm{g}$/1, 192.37$\pm$18.15$\mu\textrm{g}$/1 186.73$\pm$23.99$\mu\textrm{g}$/1, 196.94$\pm$8.94$\mu\textrm{g}$/1 in the patients with hepatoma hepatitis liver cirrhosis and noramal control ; it shows 2.19 times increasing of serum selenium concentra-tion in the patients with hepatoma 'compared with the normal control and patients with hepatoma spread out at a still higher range in serum selenium concentration test. 4) The serum selenium concentration is not quite dependent on sexes and doesn't show any correlation with age, serum protein, serum albumin. The nutrition status of patients, rested on the results of those experiments, stays in low level, which is caused by that they are in low stage of serum protein and serum albu¬min. In serum selenium concentration, patients with hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, specially, show the condition as good as normal control's; while patients with hepatoma are indicating a significant increasing compared with the three groups, which can be reasoned into that there is a possibility for the patients to take selenium and chemotherapy or radiation treatment, and have high serum selenium concentration by poor excreting of seleno methionine, which is caused by low serum protein content And another thing can be reasoned is that the difference in origination mechanism hetween korean and western people. As a result, It showed that the correlation between serum selenium and seses, age, serum protein, and serum albumin neither exists nor affects on each other.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2023

This study was aimed to determine the changes in CO₂ concentration according to the temperatures of daytime and nighttime in the CO₂ supplemental greenhouse, and to compare calculated supplementary CO₂ concentration during winter and spring cultivation seasons. CO₂ concentrations in experimental greenhouses were analyzed by selecting representative days with different average temperatures due to differences in integrated solar radiation at the growth stage of leaf area index (LAI) 2.0 during the winter season of 2022 and 2023 years. The CO₂ concentration was 459, 299, 275, and 239 µmol·mol^-1, respectively at 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.m. after the CO₂ supplementary time (10:00-13:00) under the higher temperature (HT, > 18℃ daytime temp. avg. 31.7, 26.8, 23.8, and 22.4℃, respectively), while it was 500, 368, 366, 364 µmol·mol^-1, respectively under the lower temperature (LT, < 18℃ daytime temp. avg. 22.0, 18.9, 15.0, and 13.7℃, respectively), indicating the CO₂ reduction was significantly higher in the HT than that of LT. During the nighttime, the concentration of CO₂ gradually increased from 6 p.m. (346 µmol·mol^-1) to 3 a.m. (454 µmol·mol^-1) in the HT with a rate of 11 µmol·mol^-1 per hour (240 tomatoes, leaf area 330m²), while the increase was very lesser under the LT. During the spring season, the CO₂ concentration measured just before the start of CO₂ fertilization (7:30 a.m.) in the CO₂ enrichment greenhouse was 3-4 times higher in the HT (>15℃ nighttime temperature avg.) than that of LT (< 15℃ nighttime temperature avg.), and the calculated amount of CO₂ fertilization on the day was also lower in HT. All the integrated results indicate that CO₂ concentrations during the nighttime varies depending on the temperature, and the increased CO₂ is a major source of CO₂ for photosynthesis after sunrise, and it is necessary to develop a model formula for CO₂ supplement considering the nighttime CO₂ concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.283-287
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• 2011

In this study, fine $Gd_2O_2S$:Tb powder was synthesized by using a low temperature solution-combustion method for a high-resolution digital x-ray imaging detector. From the fabricated phosphor power, the fine scintillator films was fabricated by particle sedimentation method and was investigated the luminescent property. From the experimental results of relative light output as a function of terbium concentration, the highest luminescent efficiency has at 5 wt% Tb concentration, and luminescent intensity decreased rapidly according to quenching effect about higher Tb concentration. Also, the relative light output of $270{\mu}m$-$Gd_2O_2S$:Tb film has 2945 pC/$cm^2$/mR. And light intensity was saturated at higher film thickness. Finally, to evaluate an image acquisition performance of fabricated phosphor, images were obtained by using commercial CMOS sensor and measured the MTF, NPS, and DQE. DQE(0 lp/mm) of fine phosphor film has 37%. But, DQE improvement of fine phosphor film is possible by resolving problem of film fabrication process and has a significant potential in the application of digital radiation imaging system later.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2014

The ${\gamma}$-ray concentration and gross-${\beta}$ activity by age group were measured in the teeth of males and females of the domestic residents. They were divided into 7 age groups from 10s to the age of 70s. The gross-${\beta}$ activity concentration was measured by using the Tennelec XLB measuring instrument filled with P10 gas (argon 90%, methane 10%). The ${\gamma}$-ray was measured through the ${\gamma}$-ray spectroscopic analytical method by using the high purity germanium (HPGe) radiation detector. The range of gross-${\beta}$ activity concentration was measured 0.089 to 0.32 Bq/kg in females and 0.13 to 0.26 Bq/kg in males. From the ${\gamma}$-ray spectroscopic analysis of the teeth, the natural radioactive isotopes of $^{40}K$, $^{208}Tl$, $^{228}Ac$ and $^{234}Th$ were detected and their measured ${\gamma}$-ray activity concentrations were found to be 20.7, 21.9, 3.88 and 5.24 Bq/kg, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.235-258
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate climatological variations from the temporal and spatial surface particulate organic carbon (POC) estimates based on SeaWiFS spectral radiance, and to determine the physical mechanisms that affect the distribution of pac in the Gulf of Mexico. 7-year monthly mean values of surface pac concentration (Sept. 1997 - Dec. 2004) were estimated from Maximum Normalized Difference Carbon Index (MNDCI) algorithm using SeaWiFS data. Synchronous 7-year monthly mean values of remote sensing data (sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind (SSW), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), precipitation rate (PR)) and recorded river discharge data were used to determine physical forcing factors. The spatial pattern of POC was related to one or more factors such as river runoff, wind-derived current, and stratification of the water column, the energetic Loop Current/Eddies, and buoyancy forcing. The observed seasonal change in the POC plume's response to wind speed in the western delta region resulted from seasonal changes in the upper ocean stratification. During late spring and summer, the low-density river water is heated rapidly at the surface by incoming solar radiation. This lowers the density of the fresh-water plume and increases the near-surface stratification of the water column. In the absence of significant wind forcing, the plume undergoes buoyant spreading and the sediment is maintained at the surface by the shallow pycnocline. However, when the wind speed increases substantially, wind-wave action increases vertical motion, reducing stratification, and the sediment were mixed downward rather than spreading laterally. Maximum particle concentrations over the outer shelf and the upper slope during lower runoff seasons were related to the Loop Current/eddies and buoyancy forcing. Inter-annual differences of POC concentration were related to ENSO cycles. During the El Nino events (1997-1998 and 2002-2004), the higher pac concentrations existed and were related to high runoffs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but the opposite conditions in the western Gulf of Mexico. During La Nina conditions (1999-2001), low Poe concentration was related to normal or low river discharge, and low PM/nutrient waters in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but the opposite conditions in the western Gulf of Mexico.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2015

$LiGd_9(SiO_4)_6O_2:Ce^{3+}$ phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The structural characteristic was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The emission and excitation spectra of the $Ce^{3+}$ ions doped $LiGd_9(SiO_4)_6O_2$ phosphors were obtained under the UV excitation. The emission spectra of $LiGd_9(SiO_4)_6O_2:Ce^{3+}$ shows the band at 410 nm corresponding to the $^2F_{5/2}$ and $^2F_{7/2}$ states of $Ce^{3+}$. The red shift of $Ce^{3+}$ emission is found as the $Ce^{3+}$ concentration increases, which could be explained by the change in crystal-field symmetry and strength with increasing $Ce^{3+}$ concentration. Fluorescence decay time of $Ce^{3+}$ was about 20 ns. When the concentration of $Ce^{3+}$ increases life time was slightly reduced.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is produced by chemical reactions between various precursors. PM_2.5 has been found to create greater human risk than particulate matter (PM₁₀), with diameters that are generally 10 micrometers and smaller. Ammonia (NH₃) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the sources of secondary generation of PM_2.5. These substances generate PM_2.5 through some chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Through chemical reactions in the atmosphere, NH₃ generates PM_2.5. It is the causative agent of PM_2.5. In 2017 the annual ammonia emission recorded from the agricultural sector was 244,335 tons, which accounted for about 79.3% of the total ammonia emission in Korea in that year. To address this issue, the agricultural sector announced the inclusion of reducing fine particulate matter and ammonia emissions by 30% in its targets for the year 2022. This may be achieved through analyses of its emission characteristics by monitoring the PM_2.5 and NH₃. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the PM_2.5 concentration was measured real-time (every 1 hour) by using beta radiation from the particle dust measuring device (Spirant BAM). NH₃ concentration was analyzed real-time by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS). The concentrations of ozone (O₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were continuously measured and analyzed for the masses collected on filter papers by ultraviolet photometry and chemiluminescence. CONCLUSION: This study established air pollutant monitoring system in agricultural areas to analyze the NH₃ emission characteristics. The amount of PM_2.5 and NH₃ emission in agriculture was measured. Scientific evidence in agricultural areas was obtained by identifying the emission concentration and characteristics per season (monthly) and per hour.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.361-365
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• 2013

To investigate factors determining peach fruit quality, chlorophyll content by leaf positions, chlorophyll content of foliated leaf, change of leaf area, and photosynthetic capacity were monitored. Photosynthetic rate in response to radiation intensity and $CO_2$ concentration, and change of sucrose content after shading treatment also were investigated. Chlorophyll content was similar in $5-12^{th}$ leaves after 10 days of foliation, while young $13-16^{th}$ leaves showed lower chlorophyll contents. Chlorophyll content was 2.56 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ on May $28^{th}$, just after foliation, and rapidly increased up to 6.35 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ on June $12^{th}$. After this point, chlorophyll content gradually increased during two months showing the highest value of 9.03 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ on August $14^{th}$. Leaf area was 27.1 $cm^2$ just after foliation and 37.7 $cm^2$ on $10^{th}$ day of foliation increasing 10.6 $cm^2$ during 10 days. Leaf area slowly increased by 3.9 $cm^2$ during next one month. Photosynthetic capacity increased rapidly until the $30^{th}$ day of foliation showing the highest capacity of 13.8 ${\mu}mol/m^{-2}/sec^{-1}$. After this point, photosynthetic capacity decreased sharply. Photosynthetic rate in response to radiation intensity increased rapidly until the PPFD reached to 600 ${\mu}mol/m^{-2}/sec^{-1}$ and increased gradually from 600 ${\mu}mol/m^{-2}/sec^{-1}$ to 1200 ${\mu}mol/m^{-2}/sec^{-1}$ of PPFD and stayed stable beyond this point. Photosynthetic rate in response to $CO_2$ concentration increased until 600 ppm of $CO_2$. At higher $CO_2$ concentration, photosynthetic rate stayed stable or decreased. Sucrose content in leaves was not significantly different between control and shading group until one hour of shading treatment while decreased in shading group after two hours of treatment.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of meteorological fields and the variation of concentration of particulate matters (PMs) due to aerosol schemes and dust options within the WRF-Chem model to estimate Asian dusts affected on 29 May 2008 in the Korean peninsula. The anthropogenic emissions within the model were adopted by the $0.5^{\circ}{\pm}0.5^{\circ}$ RETRO of the global emissions, and the photolysis option was by Fast-J photolysis. Also, three scenarios such as the RADM2 chemical mechanism and MADE/SORGAM aerosol, the MOSAIC 8 section aerosol, and the GOCART dust erosion were simulated for calculating Asian dust emissions. As a result, the scenario of the RADM2 chemical mechanism & MADE/SORGAM aerosol depicted higher concentration than the others' in both Asian dusts and the background concentration of PMs. By comparing of the daily mean of PM10 measured at each air quality monitoring site in Seoul with the scenario results, the correlation coefficient was 0.67, and the root mean square error was $44{\mu}gm^{-3}$. In addition, the air temperature, the wind speed, the planetary boundary layer height, and the outgoing long-wave radiation were simulated under conditions of no chemical option with these three scenarios within the WRF or WRF-Chem model. Both the spatial distributions of the PBL height and the wind speed of u component among the meteorological factors were similar to those of the Asia dusts in range of 1,800-3,000 m and $2-16ms^{-1}$, respectively. And, it was shown that both scenarios of the RADM2 chemical mechanism and MADE/SORGAM aerosol and the GOCART dust erosion were interacted on-line between meteorological factors and Asian dusts or aerosols within the model because the outgoing long-wave radiation was changed to lower than the others.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.958-965
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of green tea seed shell as an industrial byproduct. Green tea seed shell extract (GTSSE) was obtained by ethanol extraction, and the yield was $1.4{\pm}0.22%$. The radical scavenging activities [1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], xanthine oxidase inhibition activity, and reducing power of GTSSE dose-dependently increased. To estimate the neuroprotective effect of GTSSE, viability was tested in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. GTSSE treatment induced cytotoxicity at a concentration higher than $100{\mu}g/mL$ but not at a concentration lower than $50{\mu}g/mL$. Using this optimal concentration range, GTSSE treatment significantly increased cell viability in $H_2O_2$-treated HT22 cells. Further, GTSSE treatment increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased the malonaldehyde level, a product of lipid peroxidation, in HT22 cells. Therefore, these results indicate that green tea seed shell extract may be useful for the development of antioxidant materials and have potential activity to prevent and treat neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.