• The Korean Nurse
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.48-62
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• 1993

This study was done for the purpose of analyzing the job-satisfaction and its depressive factors in human relation of operating room nurses of university hospital. Therfore, it makes an offer the basic data to help the resolution and prevention of the problems in operating room nurses. Furthermore, this study was conducted in order to find out some kinds of scientific data for the better control of depressive factors of job-satisfaction expressed by the operating room nurses. The structred questionaire reports of 246 operating room nurses who were employed in 5 different university hospitals which have over 1, 000 beds located in Seoul, Korea were used, which wer collected from August 24th to August 30th of 1992. The author visited supervisors of operating room in each university hospital and explained the aim of this study. The most of them(90.0%) answered to the questionaires. Analysis of the collected data were done by mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, F-test, Q-test, correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA.and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The job of the operating room nurses were remarkably related with the satisfaction in human relation, which was defined as the behavioral job with thoughtful action rather than with mechanical action. However, the degree of satisfaction in human relation with personnel in other departments was found to be the lowest and its the main depressive factors were appeared due to the absence of interaction and uncooperative attitudes. Therefore, it was required that the members of other job need more cooperative attitude to the actual works in the operating room nurses. 2. The depressive factors in the satisfaction degree of human relation with offical seniors wer significantly related with their irresponsibility and partialness. Moreover, the job attitude of the operating room nurses is abundantly required to be improved, 3. The depressive factors in the satisfaction of human relation with medical doctors were significantly related with their insincerity and the class-consciousness. It is clearly suggested that the medical doctors do more cooperative behaviors for the jobs of the operating room without the suggested that the medical doctors do more cooperative behaviors for the jobs of the operating room without the superiority feeling of class-consciousness. 4. There was a significantly positive association between the satisfaction degree of human relation of the nurses with the following charateristics. (1) The registered nurses which had a tendency to be satisfied about the registered nurses' job. (2) The registered nurses which had a tendency to be a technique-aptitued in the motivation of the registered nurses'job. (3) The registered nurses which had a tendency to be satisfied about the total hospital working carrier and the aspects of old ages. Finally, these findings indicated that the operating room nurses should require the professional education courses associated with a high-development techniques and setisfaction in their jobs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1376-1379
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• 2009

Recently many Hotels have implemented and operated the Hotel Information System(HIS). These HIS-implementation evoke the significant changes in hotel management. So many interest and researches in HIS has received the spotlight from the hotel managements. Many researcher about HIS focused on the Critical Success Factors (CSF) from the viewpoint of HIS implementation. At this moment we need also the research about significance change of CSF with the laps of time. This kind of research are very critical for the successful operation of HIS. To achieve the objectives of this paper, the Innovation-Theory of E. M. Roger was implemented. As the result of this research we can get the various maturity point of each CSF with the laps of time. For the data gathering many major hotel in Korea were interviewed, and 84 valid questionaires were used for data analysis. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was 0.7239, which means all data were significant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.305-316
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• 1988

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of the dietary nutrients to blood pressure among preschool children in Seoul and to concurrently study the effect of seasonal variance on the aforementioned relationship. The subjects of the study consisted of 203 preschool children aged four to six years. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, pulse rate and blood pressure, urinary excretion of five cations(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg), creatinine and urea nitrogen and dietary questionaires concerning sodium, potassium calcium and phosphorus were taken during the two periods of summer(Aug. 1986)and winter(Feb, 1987). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The daily urinary excretion of five cations, creatinine and urea nitrogen is summer and winter was as follows; The sodium content was 57.8 mEq in the summer and 59.4 mEq in the winter ; potassium 20.4 mEq and 23.0 mEq, respectively ; calcium, 5.5 mEq and 3.6 mEq, respectively ; and phosphorus, 27.4 mEq and 19.9 mEq, respectively. Only calcium and phosphours excretions in the urine showed significant differences per season(p<0.05). 2) The average dietary intake per day of sodium was 2349mg in the summer and 2155mg in the winter ; potassium consumption was 1425mg in the summer and 1448mg in the winter ; intake of calcium was 472mg in the summer and 500mg in the winter ; and phosphours consumption was 642mg in the summer and 634mg in hte winter. The sodium-to-potassium consumption ratio 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, in the summer and in the winter and the calcium-to-phosphorus ration was 0.7 in the summer and 0.8 in the winter. The dietary calcium intake showed significant differences between the seasons. 3) The principal source of sodium consumption among preschool children was from seasoning-including talbe salt, soy sauce and instant sauce-which accounted for higher then 45% of the sodium intake in both seasons. The main source of potassium was frutis and vegetables which accounted for 29.6% of the potassium intake in the summer and 25.7% in the winter. Milk and milk products were the primary dource of calcium(higher then 40% in both seasons) 4) In the summer, urinary phosphours levels were weakly reated to systolic blood pressures. (0.05

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.614-626
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• 1997

The main purposes of the study were to develop and test a model which explains the dynamic relationship among factors reported as affecting to the quality of life of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and to examine the relationship between self-help response and quaility of life. Data for the study were collected from March 1996 to December 1996 from 153 female patients who regularly visited a clinic for people with rheumatism. The patients were introduced to the investigators by nurses who worked at that clinic, and then the investigator interviewed the patients for 30 to 40 minutes to collect the data. Instruments used in the study were modified self-report questionaires from the ones which were already developed in previous studies or from related literature. Data analysis were performed using LISREL(Lineal Structural Relations) 8 program to test whether the proposed hypothesized model fit the collected data. To test the fitablity of the hypothesized model both a general fit measure and a detailed fit measure were used. Based on the test results from the various fit measures, the hypothesized model was found to be well suited to the real data. As characteristics related to illness becomes severe, the feasibility for these characteristics leading to the perception of uncertainty about the illness tend to increase, but, the direct effects from the illness characteristics(such as level of physical symptoms, sense of social-psychologic change, limitations of action) as they are related to the other intrinsic variables (self-efficacy or self-help behavior and quality of life), were found to be not significant. It was found that uncertainty had a direct effect on self-efficacy but did not have a direct effect on self-help behavior or quality of life. Also, it is noted that self-efficacy had a positive effect on self-help behavior and quality of life and there was a bilateral relationship between self-efficacy and self-help behavior. Lastly, the hypothesis proposed from the theoretical model in this study was supported basis of the results that self-help behavior provides both direct and positive effects to quality of life. Particularity, since a bilateral relationship was also found between self-help behavior and quality of life in the modified model, as self-help behavior increased, so did quality of life. And, reversely, as quality of life increased, so did self-help behavior. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that focusing on both acquirement and reinforcement of adjustment factors or self-help behavior is more efficient than focusing on the characteristics of illness in establishing the stategies for improving quality of life of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.236-251
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• 1998

This study aimed at comprehending the meaning of sexual life for aged people, their strength of sexual desire and causes of change in their sexual life. It was another purpose to understand the extent of aged people's acknowledging the necessity of sexual consultation. This study adopted descriptive method using open-ended questionaires. The data for study was collected from 26 people over 65 years who reside in communities. It was gathered from April to June of 1998 through interview. The interviewee includes 16 males, 9 females and their average age was 73.3. 19 people among them have spouses. The conclusion of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) Attitude to sexual life: The meaning of sexual life for aged people is categorized as 'sense of duty', 'feeling of intimacy', 'basic desire', 'decrease of meaning' and 'meaningless'. 2) Sexual desire: Sexual desire of aged people is categorized as 'extinction', 'decrease', 'continuation' and 'restraint'. Restraint of sexual desire is due to social convention or the difficulty in fulfilling desire. 3) Causes of troubles in sexual life Causes which lead to troubles in sexual life of aged people can be categorized as 'physical', 'psychological' and 'social'. 'Physical' elements include 'incompetence of erection', 'decrease in duration of erection', 'increase in time needed to re-erection', 'declining of physical strength', 'decrease in vagina secretion' and 'worsening of health'. Among 'psychological' elements 'decrease of self-confidence', 'diminished concern of female aged people' are. 'Social elements' are 'absence of sexual parter', 'circumstances of living' and 'recognition of neighbor'. 4) Response to change of sexual life The reaction of aged people to change of sexual activities is classified as 'positive' and 'negative'. 5) Attitude to the consultation of sexual life of aged people The attitude to the consultation of sexual life in old age is classified as 'negative', 'doubtful' and 'positive'. This study explored the meaning which aged people in community attach to sexual life, the extent of their sexual desire, the causes of troubles in their sexual life, their emotional response to changes in sexual life, their recognition of necessity in sexual consultation. Considering the frequency of the statement, most of aged people who were interviewed thought much of sexual life and put emphasis on it. Those who said that sexual life has decreased meaning or is not important to them are few, Though aged people still maintain sexual desire, most of them have some trouble in sexual life. These trouble changes the sexual life, and results in negative feeling such as depression, renunciation and difficulty in relations. So they acknowledged that sexual consultation is necessary to them.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.157-169
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Hwa-Byung(HB) patients, draw the clinical key issue of HB, and provide the data as the basis for development of Clinical Guideline of HB. Methods : The study participants included 151 subjects who thought they have HB in 9 site. For all patients, we used HB epidemiologic study protocol, which include the Korean version of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Diagnosis (SCID-1), diagnostic criteria of HB, symptoms check list, pattern identification tool, psychiastric psychological questionaires, and Framingham coronary risk score(FRS). Results : 1. For all participants, 62 % of subjects were diagnosed with HB. These patients had comorbid DSM-IV diagnoses with depression (65%) and anxiety (27%). But 22% of these patients had only HB. 2. HB patients had various physical symptoms when visiting, were diagnosed as various disease, and undergone medical treatments in the past. Among the diagonsed illness, Gastronitestinal diseases (51.6%), psychiatric disorders(40.9%), endocrine diseases(39.8%) were being the most frequent. The frequent physical symptoms of HB patients reported were chest discomfort, head ache, pallpitation, frequent sigh, amnesia, shoulder pain, dry mouth, eye fatigue etc. 3. HB patients had high scores in psychologic questionares, CES-D, STAI, and STAXI. It means that HB patients might be low-level emotional stability. 4. Participant had negative opinion about the treatment of HB that it would be difficult or impossible (65.7%), but they neglect the need of medical treatment. Conclusions : This result shows that HB is comorbid with various psychiatric disease, but it has different physio-psychological symptoms from others and there were only HB patients. so we identify HB is independent disease. Moreover, there were the wrong perception of HB which blocking treatments. These problems support that the neccesity of development of Clinical Guideline of HB.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.82-91
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• 1996

The housewives living in the rural area of Kangwondo were asked by using the questionaires about Korean traditional food, traditional fermented food, and traditional seasonal food enjoyed during traditional holidays. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Among Korean traditional foods, boiling rice, especially boiling rice and boiling mixed rice(70%) was the most frequently enjoyed. Hobakjook(17.1%) and popjook(10.5%) were enjoyed the most among jook. However, jook was not enjoyed as much as bah due to the difficulty of cooking method. 2. Doenjangkuk(94%) and mijokkuk(84.1%) which could be made easily and quickly were enjoyed most frequently among kuk, doenjangchigae(86.1%) and kimchichigae(78.1%) were enjoyed a lot among tchigae. 3. Gui was enjoyed a lot generally and kimgui(82.4%) and fishgui(78.1%) were enjoyed frequently. Especially, ojingogui was enjoyed most frequently compared with other areas. It is because squid is easily available in KangwonDo area. Hobakchon(51.8%) was enjoyed the most among Chon. 4. Pugochim(30.2%) among chim and kamjajorim(77.1%) among jorim were enjoyed the most due to the availability of pugo and kamja in the area. 5. Kongnamul(83.4%) and shigmuchinamul(66.3%) were enjoyed the most among namul. Chuinamul (28.7%) was the most frequently enjoyed among sannamul. 6. Kalkuksoo(69.8%) was the most frequently enjoyed ilpumfood. In addition, kalkuksoo(30.3%) and kamja ongsim(11.4%) which are traditional KangwonDo food, were enjoyed a lot. 7. For home party, Songp'yon(25.3%) and shik'ye(27.8%) were the most frequently enjoyed ricecake and korean beverage, respectively. 8. Korean traditional holidays in which traditional seasonal food was enjoyed, were in order of the New Yea.'s Day(97.9%), Chusok(95.6%), Sangwan(First Full moon day)(70.8%), Dong-ji(49.5%), Sambok (27.7%), Danoh(22.6%), and Hanshik(14.1%). Generally, Ipchun, Sam Jin's day, Yudu, and Chilsok were not enjoyed. 9. Korean traditional fermented food enjoyed were in order of kimchi(98.2%), koch'ujang(96.4%), toenjang(89.4%), kanjang(86.8%), makjang(74.5%), and jang-a-chi(66.4%). Especially, Koch'ujang was made by themselves in almost all homes. The Korean traditional foods frequently enjoyed were investigated. We have to keep and develop our traditional food and its cooking method for our offsprings.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.271-284
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• 2002

This study was to provide basic materials to help reduce the fatigue by analyzing what effective factor the fatigue of hospital nurses in Gwangju and Jeonnam region. and what causes their fatigue. This descriptive research by Questionaires includes two hospitals in Gwangju. and seven hospitals in Jeonnam region, total 9 hospitals sampled at convenience sampling. The periods of collecting data was from Jul.22, 2002 to Jul. 30, 2002. Multidimensional Fatigue Scale; MFS, developed by Jang Se-Jin(2000) was taken to measure the fatigue. All collected materials were got the statistics by SAS for Windows Release 8.01. The result of this study was as follows. 1. This study included total 740 nurses, whose age ranged from 22 to 50; 30 years old by average. Nurses fatigue mean score was 90.24 (the scope by the measuring instrument is 19-133). Nurses at University Hospitals marked 92.36 and those at General Hospitals marked 87.91 in the mean score of fatigue. 2. They kept tired at work, and felt more tired while working at computer in the hospital. 3. The part of body in which they felt fatigue was the calf and $feet(36.6\%)$, the shoulders and back of the $neck(30.7\%)$, and the whole $body(10.8\%)$ and the reason that they felt tired at work was mental $stress(33.0\%)$, overworking(25.2\%)$, and irregular working $conditions(14.7\%)$ in order. 4. The solution to their fatigue at work appeared nothing by $50.1\%$, and the way of releasing fatigue after work indicated getting some $sleep(30.8\%)$, and taking a bath or a $shower(21.7\%)$ in order. 5. The degree of fatigue depending on whether they were satisfied with their pay and labor condition appeared low: and when they were satisfied with doctors. and when they were getting on well with caregivers. 6. The effective factor of the degree of fatigue appeared: the influence that fatigue in the hospital makes on daily life was $10.6\%$, the cause of fatigue at work, $9.3\%$, time of fatigue at work, $7.8\%$, the relationship with caregivers, $5.3\%$. and these explanatory$(R^2)$ variables.$33\%$. To conclude. the degree of nurses' fatigue appeared high. and it was higher in nurses at University Hospitals than in ones at General Hospitals. In addition, the influence that fatigue from the hospitals made on daily life was the most explanatory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.331-347
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• 1990

This study was designed under the purpose to analyze the Korean Traditional Folk Remedies on food, to submit the basic statistical data, and to utilize them by examining how much they know about the Korean Traditional Folk Remedies and also by examining how frequently they used them. The sample was consisted of 312 housewives living in Daegu, Kyungsan city and Kyungsan-eup, the survey was made by use of questionaires from July 15 to August 1 1989. The results are as follows 1. Analysis of Folk Remedical Contents 1) The method of the Folk Remedies used in this area was mainly food, which can be easily found around their house and easy to use, it was possible to apply scientific principles in some cases. 2) The major popular method was shown to feed boiled barley or brown rice which are known as the Folk Remedy for Diabetes. 3) The ANOVA of variable shows the significant influence on each object which age, religion, the level of education, job, monthly income, and the area except family formation. 2. The Frequency of Folk Remedies and additional analysis 1) The most frequently used Folk Remedy was Arterio-sclerosis(1.44), which is followed by the loss of Eyesight(1.40), Hang over(1.28), Couth(1.27), Cold(1.26) etc. 2) In the analysis of Pearson Correlation between frequencies of Folk Remedies used, and demographic variables such as age(p<.05), the monthly income(p<.01), in that area, total number of response items showed a positive correlation. 3. The source to learn about Folk Remedy. 1) It is acknoledged that they are mostly instructed by their forefathers, friends, neighbors, professional textbooks, mass communications, herb doctors, other medical sources or education at school etc. 2) The ANOVA of Variables shows the big differences between each group by age. Based on the above findings, the following suggestions are made ; Most of Korean Traditional Folk Remedies are recognized scientific and reasonable which are based on the scientific research and herb medicine therefore it should be made good use of for our life in good health additionally. I hereby insist that the importance of our Folk Remedies should be reviewed and focused for maintenance our health.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 1982

The intent of this study was to focus attention on the relationship between curtain fabrics and consumer perceptions towards curtains and draperies. This study consisted of the laboratory test for thermal transmittance of selected fabrics and the exploratory survey for consumer perceptions towards curtains and draperies. The objectives of the laboratory test were to measure fabric's thermal transmittance, thickness, and count which affect to the effect in heat controlling. Selected 23 fabrics were tested at Korean Yarn and Fabrics Testing Inspection Institute. The objectives of the exploratory survey were to determine sociodemographic factors; the stage of family life cycle, the economics status, and homemaker's level of education, and physical factors; the type of houses, the direction of windows, and the type of windows, affect consumer perceptions toward curtains and draperies. Questionaires were administered to 489 homemakers selected by a stratified propotional sampling plan, in Seoul in October, 1981. Data from responses were analyzed by T-test(Analysis of Varience) and Partial Correlation. The major findings are as follows; 1. The results of the laboratory test 1) The fabrics used for draperies had higher effect in heat controlling than the fabrics used for glass curtains. 2) It did not show much differences among the fibers in heat controlling. The thicker fibers, however, had the higher effect in heat controlling among same fibers. 3) The fabrics which had high level of effect I heat controlling were corduroy, flax, rayon, nylon, acetate, thick polyester, and thick polyacrylic. The fabrics which had midium level of affect in heat controlling were velveteen, velvet, and thin polyester. The fabrics which had low level of effect in heat controlling were cotton, silk, and thin polyarcylic. 4) The draperies with lining showed 2∼5 times more effective in heat controlling than the draperies without lining. 2. The results of the exploratory survey Consumer perceptions towards curtains and draperies consisted of functional, financial, and aesthetic perception. 1) Factor affecting functional perception towards curtains and draperies was the stage of family life cycle. Families in the contracting stage considered function of curtains and draperies significantly better than those in others stages. 2) Factors affecting financial perception towards curtains and draperies were the economic status, homemaker's level of education, the direction of windows, and the type of windows. However the correlation between the factors and financial perception was too low to explain the significance of tendency. 3) There was not any factors affecting aesthetic perception towards curtains and draperies.