• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2007

Relationship between body and space is fundamental in space design. The perception and concept of human body in each age directly affected the space makings of that time. Thoughts on human body are related to various periodical backgrounds such as culture, art, technology and etc. Body-Space relationship has been changed through different epochs and is being changed in the present time too. In contemporary cities, architectural programs has been fragmented and activities of individuals become more articulated. The rigidity of each architectural program has been forced to be more flexible amalgamation of diverse behaviors by dynamic urban time-space formations and patterns. Based on this current situations, new experimental designs that question the existing preconceived relationship between body and space in different views. These design experiments attempt to overcome the solid physical fixation of architectural buildings and to directly relate human body to intelligent devices, technologies, machines as well as spaces. This research focus on the innovative design projects in which body, machine, space are smartly compound as one organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the new Body-Space relationship as well as some relevant case projects in contemporary fashion, furniture, interior design and architecture.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2012

The coordinated action of the detrusor muscle cells in the urinary bladder is governed by cell-cell communication through gap junction, consisted of connexin (Cx) molecules. Even though a number of researches have been mostly focused on expressional changes of a few Cx isoforms in clinically dysfunctional condition of the bladder, less attention has been paid for investigation of Cx isoforms present in the bladder. Using real-time PCR analysis, the present study examined Cx isoforms expressing in the male rat bladder during postnatal period. Also, expressional patterns of Cx isoforms were evaluated in the bladder at different postnatal ages. Of a total of 13 Cx isoforms tested in the present study, we were able to detect mRNAs of 6 Cx isoforms in the rat urinary bladder, including Cxs 31, 31.1, 32, 37, 40, and 45. The transcript levels of Cxs 31, 31.1, 37, 40, and 45 were gradually increased from 1 week of age until 25 days of age, followed by transient decreases at 45 days of age. However, abundance of Cx32 transcript was drastically increased at 15 days of age, followed by a sharp drop at 45 days of age. These results indicate that differential expression of Cx isoforms in the bladder during postnatal development would be necessary for maintaining proper function of the bladder. A question remains to be answered if significant decreases of transcript levels of some Cx isoforms at the elderly are associated with age-dependent dysfunction of the bladder.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2000

The authors of this paper chose the delphi methods to investigate into several areas to understand where the pressures for ATM equipments will emerge in the prescribed time horizon of 1999 to 2010- a period just beyond the current manufacturing and deployment schedules of most companies. The areas studied are the office buildings and interoffice connectivity as well as switches, and finally transmission facilities. This paper is matched into these areas with the results of a Delphi study of 14 respondents from the common carriers like Korea Telecom and national institutions like ETRI. The investigators calculated the average answer for each question and presents the questionnaires for a second round to individuals who had responded to the first round of questioning. As a result of this paper, the authors reached some conclusions regarding what item will be predominant in each of the areas studied as well as the promoters and barriers for ATM deployment and some suggestions are provided for corporate managers and policy makers. This Delphi study did not provide a strong and uniform forecast that ATM would dominate the marketplace in the early years of next millenium, as many had anticipated. Whether it is in he area of office connection, enterprise backbone, switches and transmission facilities, respondents predicted the patterns which indicate a movement toward higher-bandwidth connectivity, although not necessarily provided with ATM networks. A general pattern is that the predictions for ATM deployment in each of the areas were strong from the year 1999 to 2010.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the using pattern of alternative therapies in the elderly. Method: 197 subjects, persons who were more than 60 years old, we interviewed. We modified and complemented Shin's(2000) instrument in accordance with purpose of this study. Data were analyzed statistically by using SAS program. Result: 1. It was shown that 66.84% of subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. 2. It was shown that the most frequently used types are acupuncture (48.83%), and ethmoid bone therapy (42.75%). 3. Acupuncture was shown to be the most satisfactory type of therapy (14.50%). 4. There was a significant difference in the use ratio by sex; female 73.47% and male 60.20%. 5. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows; 1. Motive of Use - "for complete cure of symptoms" (32.31%). 2. Side effects - "no side effects" (95.97%). Conclusion: We found that elderly persons used alternative therapies more frequently than others perpulations. Diet therapy and Hand therapy were most commonly used in older people. Although the elderly use alternative therapy, they cannot place confidence in its scientific reliability. Therefore, we need to examine the effects of alternative therapy.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.113-149
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• 1997

This paper, searching for the origin of the science and technology policy, is one of the research series on the original form of current S&T policy such as origin, evolution and changing patterns. Without understanding the origin, it is very difficult to understand the evolution and the current change of the policy. To answer this question, 2 kinds of conditions are set: 4 concepts for the origin of a policy and also 4 conditions for the S&T policy itself. As the origin of a policy, 4 concepts are set such as independence, continuance, diffusion and modern state as a policy body. Also as conditions for S&T policy, there may be 4 conditions such as policy targets, policy functions, administration body and the usage of the name of the policy. S&T can be distinguished as science, technology and S&T along it's development path. There, hence, are 2 origins of science and technology policy. French policy for modern science at the late 18th century and the establishment of the Agency of Science and Technology Policy of Japan in 1956 can be pointed out as the origin of the policy. The former can be called as the origin for natural science, and the latter as the origin for S&T. This study implies that new paradigm of S&T policy is a reflection for both the needs of new S&T and social needs. When there were big problems in a society and when there appeared new S&T, they exploited new S&T vigorously. This has been remained as a rememberable monuments in the history of the S&T policy.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.257-260
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• 2007

본 논문은 초음파 센서에 의해 인식된 정보를 항체와 항원으로 모델링 된 퍼지 인공 명역망에 의한 하위 행위기와 상위 행동 선택기로 설계된 자율이동로봇 시스템에 관한 연구이다. 외부 환경과 행동 패턴의 관계는 매우 많은 조합이 가능하다. 이러한 복잡한 관계 속에서 행동의 우선 순위를 어떻게 결정하는가 하는 문제가 가장 중요하다. 이러 복잡한 결정을 위해 본 논문에서는 퍼지 인공 면역망 알고리즘을 제시하고, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션에 의해 제안된 자율이동로봇의 행위 선택기의 유용성을 보여준다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1988

In the process of re-checking the phase relations of the Pt-Sb system the previously reported Pt4+Sb phase did not occur. Instead, Pt34Sb7 phase with an average chemical composition (wt%) Pt 89.3, Sb 11.4, total 100.7, has been newly found to exist, and the formula Pt34Sb7 has been tentatively assigned to it, It is pale brownish grey to yellowish grey under refloecting microscope and non-bireflectant, VHN100=225 (206-243). X-ray powder patterns are (d(I/Io)): 2.318(100), 2.293(100), 2.110(30), 1.440(50), 1.390(15), 1.283(5), 1.203(70) and 1.192(40)$\AA$. They are indexable on the basis of tertragonal cell with $\alpha$=3.948(3), c=16.85(1)$\AA$. A question whether the tetragonal Pt34Sb7 is the new phase or a polymorph of the cubic Pt4+Sb phase remains unclear and awaits better X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and DTA for the Pt4+Sb phase. The Pt3Sb phase reported to be of tetragonal symmetry has been confirmed to exist. It is greyish yellow in air and in oil, very weakly bireflectant, and weakly anisotropic. VHN25=216 (183-240). Its X-ray powder data have been successively indexed on a tetragonal cell with $\alpha$=3.9455(7), c=16.959(5)$\AA$.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

In the resultant period of architectural transition and a tendency towards unthinking formalism, it is all the more important for designers to question the meaning of their actions and their role in society. Modern architects were convinced that their visions were reality, their ideas truth. Yet this assumption is was the fundamental issue, for what reality and how is it perceived? Harries argues a rediscovery of a language of natural symbols, which might help create buildings that are experienced as necessary rather than arbitrary. These symbols are said to express the essential patterns of human existence in the world. In the Frank Lloyd Wright's works, the uniqueness of his architecture lies in its expression and interpretation of nature and people's existence in the world. This study is intended to be an investigation of the nature of physical expression and perception of the reality known, and to seek to present Wright's philosophy of house design in relation to nature and non-arbitrary architecture. Finally this paper concludes that the architectural expression of expressions of Wright's houses are timeless and full of lift, and these built qualities are necessary and could not readily be otherwise.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2004

The aim of this study lies in answering the question "How to form weighting cells to enhance sample representativeness in telephone, Internet and mobile surveys\ulcorner". For this, we explored 2% raw data of Year 2000 Population and Housing Census of Korea looking for meaningful patterns for ownership of telephones, the usage of Internet and/or mobile phones. We found that telephone coverage rates vary significantly by household size; 84.6% for one member households, contrasting 98.5% for two-or-more member households. Thus, telephone survey samples need to be weighted differently in sub-groups by household size for proportional representation of target population. Searching socio-demographic factors influencing the use of Internet by C5.0 tree models, we found that education levels and the occupation (or housing type, the automobile ownership) are two most important factors in addition to gender and age. Thus, surveyor might form weighting cells by such factors at the stage of post-stratification or set quotas, a priori, proportional to size of the cells by such factors. For mobile surveys, we approached similarly and found that education levels and the occupation (or the automobile ownership, marriage status) are two additional factors that may be used in forming weighing cells or in setting quotas for cells.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2004년도 제16회 한글.언어.인지 한술대회
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• pp.181-188
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• 2004

대다수의 개방영역 자연어 질의응답 시스템은 답을 선택할 수 있는 개념영역을 미리 정의하고 있기 때문에 시스템이 준비하지 못한 범주의 개념을 묻는 질의문에 대해서는 올바른 응답을 생성하지 못하거나 예외 처리 방식으로 응답을 생성해 낸다. 본 논문에서는 전형적인 범주에 속하지 않는 명사 개념에 관한 질의문에 대해 범용적으로 대응할 수 있는 개방영역 자연어 질의응답 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 상위 개념 명사구(Hypernym)에 포함되는 하위 개념의 명사구(Hyponym)들을 추출할 수 있는 일반적인 패턴들을 그 신뢰도와 함께 가지고 있다. 따라서 질의문이 임의의 명사구 개념을 요청할 때 정답의 후보들을 동적으로 생성되는 가상의 is-a 의미관계 사전으로부터 신뢰 순위로 정렬하여 추출해 낼 수가 있다. 제안하는 시스템은 "What 명사구 동사구" 형태의 질의문들 중에서 개체명 인식기나 시소러스를 이용하여 정답 후보를 손쉽게 생성할 수 있는 질의문을 배제한 실험용 질의문 집합을 이용한 실험에서 42%의 재현율을 보였다.