• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2008

To investigate the vegetation structure of the region from Bukhansanseong to Insubong in Bukhansan National park, 16 plost$(2500m^2)$ set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups Quercus mongolica-Mixed Broad leaved community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica community was classified (or communities were classified) by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica were found as a major woody plant species in Bukhansan National park region. High positive correlation were proved between Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron; Quercus mongolica and Rhus tricocarpa; Rhododendron mucronulatum and Rhododendron schlippenbachi; Symplocos chinensis and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Acer pseudosieboldianum and Magnolia sieboldii, and relatively high negative correlation was proved between Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Juniperus rigid a and Acer pseudosieboldianum; Styrax obassia and Acer pseudosieboldianum. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged from $1.236\sim1.319$ and it was relatively high compared to those of the ridge area of other national parks.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 1995

Seral changes in floristic composition during abandoned field succession after shifting cultivation was investigated in eastern Kangwon-Do, Korea. According to the DCA ordination based on the floristic composition, sere of the dominant species was shown as follows: Digitaria sanguinalis, Persicaria spp., Commelina communis etc. in the annual stage (0∼1 years); Erigeron spp., Artemisia spp., Rubus crataegus etc. in the Erigeron-Artemisia stage (2∼6 years); Pinus densiflora, Salix spp., Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta etc. in the shrub - earlier tree stage (10∼25 years); P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Spodiopogon sibiricus etc. in the mid-tree stage (25∼50 years); Q. mongolica, Tripterigium regelii, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Carex siderosticta etc. in the latter tree stage (50∼80 years). In mid-tree stage, size-frequency distribution of P. densiflora was plotted as a platycurtic curve and that of Q. mongolica as a reverse J-shaped curve, which meant P. densiflora was thinned through interspecific competition and Q. mongolica was regenerated by itself in the later tree stage.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.180-183
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• 2018

Fecal sites of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans were found in the 16 tree species, and 11 species (46.4%) of them were used as fecal sites in winter and only 3 tree species (5.6%) were used for their fecal dropping in summer. In winter and spring, 11 and 10 tree species were used as fecal sites, respectively, indicating that various species of trees are used in those seasons for food sources or resting sites of the flying squirrels. Of total 16 species, the flying squirrels' fecal sites were most frequently found in Quercus mongolica (46.4%) and then followed by Prunus sargentii (25.6%). In winter, Prunus sargentii was preferred more than Quercus mongolica, although trees of Prunus sargentii are less distributed compared with those of various trees of the genus Quercus. In summer and autumn, high productivity of trees makes the flying squirrels use only one or two species they prefer. In winter and spring, however, they should extend their food source to various tree species because of low productivity and less food sources.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.339-342
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• 2017

Quercus mongolica (QM) is a species of Quercus native to Eastern Mongolia, Siberia, China, Japan, and Korea. QM has been used as Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation of the skin. Present work, the validation and content determination of the phenolic compounds which were isolated from the leaves of QM, including pedunculagin (1) and kaempferol-3-O-(6"-galloyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (2) were conducted through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). As a result, the contents of these compounds were 4.14% and 0.76% in QM extract, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

To investigate the actual vegetation in Sokri mountain area, which consists of Sokri Mt. National Park, forest communities were classified by phytosocialogical analysis according to species composition and physiognomy. Actual vegetation map was drawn on the basis of classified forest communities. The forest communities in Mt. Sokri were classified as follows : 1. Pinus densiflora community 1) P. densiflora-Rhododedron mucronulatum subcommunity 2) P. densiflora-Rhododendron schippenbachii subcomminity 3) P. densiflora-Lespedeza maximowiczii subcommunity 4) P. densiflora-Sasa borealis subcommunity 2. P. densiflora-Quercus serrata community 3. P. densiflora-Q. variabilis community 4. Quercus serrata community 5. Q. serrata-Q. variabilis community 6. Carpinus laxiflora community 7. Quercus mongolica community 1) Typical subcommunity 2) Q. mongolica-Lespedeza maximowiczii subcommunity 3) Q. mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii subcommunity 8. Fraxinus rhynchophylla community 9. Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa community 10. Quercus variabilis community

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate vegetation structure and present management planning of mountain type green space using the green space changes during the 20 years, actual vegetation, and plant community structure in land area of Inchon, Korea. The actual vegetation area in survey sites was consisted of Quercus acutissima community, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pinus rigida forest, Q. mongolica-Pinus rigida community, P. rigida-Q. mongolica community, Q. monogolica community and so on. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, 61 survey plots were divided into 9 groups; Q. mongolica-Alnus japonica-R. pseudoacacia-P. densiflora, R. pseudoacacia-Styrax japonica, P. rigida-R. pseudoacacia-Q. mongolica, R. pseudoacacia-P. rigida-Q. mongolica-A. hirusta, Q. mongolica-P. thunbergii, and prunus sargentii-Zelkova serrata community. From this result, ecological succession trend of vegetation seems to be change from artificial result, ecological succession trend of vegetation seems to be change from artificial planting forest to native plant community which was dominated by Quercus spp.. This study area need to manage for the increase of biodiversity through the restoration of naturalness by ecological management of artificial planting forest and ecological planting of injured green space.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1345-1351
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• 2013

Leaf characteristics of two representative deciduous-tree species in Korean peninsula were compared to assess directional ridge effect on leaf traits of both species. Leaf mass per unit area (LMA) of Rhododendron schilippenbachii in south-facing ridge slope was significantly higher than that in north-facing ridge slope, while Quercus mongolica did not change LMA. Leaf mass of Q. mongolica was increased depending on leaf size irrespective of slope. However, leaf mass of R. schilippenbachii changed differently in responding to expansion of leaf area between both slopes resulting from retardation of leaf expansion in south-facing slope. R. schilippenbachii showed higher leaf nitrogen concentration per unit area (LNCA) in south-facing slope than that in north-facing slope, while Q. mongolica indicated no difference in LNCA between southand north-facing slopes. However, both species revealed no significant difference in leaf nitrogen concentration per unit mass (LNCM) between south- and north-facing slopes. LNCA of Q. mongolica was about two times higher than that of R. schilippenbachii. These results indicate that there is a difference in leaf characteristics including leaf thickness and nitrogen allocation between Q. mongolica and R. schilippenbachii, suggesting the difference of plasticity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 1989

A valley and a ridge forest in Mt. Gaya area was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of slope. Sixty-three quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 600m to 1,000m and part of slope, and thirty-eight quadrats were set up in the ridge forest along altitude of 700m to 1,430m. According to the importance values, the valley forest was Quercus mongolica-Lespedeza maximowiczii community and the ridge forest was Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron mucronulatum community. Similarity index between the valley forest community and the ridge forest community was 37.2%. Shannon's species diversities of the valley forest community and the ridge forest community were 1.3402 and 1.0098, respectively. According to importance values by crown stories and DCA ordination, successional trends of tree species may be from Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis through Quercus mongolica to Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora. As going from the lower part to upper part of the slope in the valley forest, the importance values of Quercus mongolica, Quercus aliena, Rhododendron mucronulatum and Lespedeza maximowiczii increased while those of Carpinus laxiflora and Fraxinus rhynchophylla decreased. With increasing elevation in the valley and ridge forest, the importance value of Pinus densiflora decreased while that of Quercus mongolica increased. In the valley forest, densities of canopy and shrubstratum increased as increasing elevation, and the number of species and species diversity decreased as increasing elevation and going from the lower part to the upper of slope. The range of similarity indices between parts of the slope, and the elevation belts of 100m in the valley forest were 66.6-69.2 and 25.9-79.8%, respectively. In the ridge forest, density and basal area of canopy tended to decreased as increasing elevation, and the range of similarity indices between elevation belts of 100m was 27.9-98.2%.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 1994

The Shindae resting place-Jibong valley forest in Tokyusan area was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of slope. Forty eight quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 750m to 1,247m and part of the slope. Density of trees in tree strata decreased as increasing elevation, and mean DBH of trees in tree strata increased as increasing elevation. With increasing elevation the importance values of Quercus mongolica, Acer mono, Fraxinus mandshurica increased, while those of Quercus serrate, Betula schmidtii decreased. As going from lower part to upper part of the slope, the importance values of Quercus mongolica and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa increased while those of Cornus controversa and Fruxinus mandshurica decreased. The number of species, species diversity and evenness tended to decreased as increasing elevation. The range of similarity indices between elevation belts, and parts of the slope were 55.3~67.1％ and 36.8~71.7%, respectively. According to importance value and cluster analysis, the studied valley forest was classified into four forest communities of Quercu serrata community of lower part of slope of low elevation belt, Quercus mongolica-Quercus serrata community of middle and upper part of slope of low elevation belt, Quercus mongolica-deciduous tree species community of middle and high elevation belt and Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schzippinbachii community of the top area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 1992

The environmental gradient analyses were applied for the distribution patterns of species populations in mt. moak provincial park in korea. The species populations were sequentially ordered along the environmental gradients such as soil moisture, soil ph, soil organic matter content and elevation and were grouped into seven ecological groups by the two-dimensional analyses of temperature-moisture gradient : zelkova serrata group on mesic-lower parts near the streames and well drained stony slopes, carpinus tschonoskii group on mesic-middle parts, quercus acutissima group on lower parts destroyed by human activities, quercus variabilis group on xeric-middle parts, quercus serrata group on xeric-upper middle parts, quercus mongolica group on xeric-upper parts and pinus densiflora group on xeric-rock ridge lines, hillocks and lower parts interfered by human. Four forest vegetation types, zelkova forest dominated by the c. tschonoskii group on mesic-middle parts, oak forest dominated by the groups of q. acutissima, q. variabilis, q. serrata and q. mongolica on xeric sites and pine forest dominated by the p. densiflora group on dry and poor sites, were separated in mosaic chart by the two-dimensional analysis.