• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2010

The antioxidant activity of Desmodium oldhami (Leguminosae) was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The methanolic extract of D. oldhami showed the strong antioxidant activity. Five compounds, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnopyranoside (afzeline) (1), quercetin-3-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-Dglucopyranoside] (rutin) (2), kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside (astragalin) (3), genistein-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (genistin) (4), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (5) were isolated from the active ethyl acetate soluble fraction of D. oldhami through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Among them, compound 2 showed the most significant antioxidative effect on DPPH free radical scavenging test. Compounds 1-5 are reported for the first time from this plant.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2008

The chromatographic separation of organic solvent extracts of liverwort led to the isolation of six compounds. 2-Chromenone (1), 3, 4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid (2), 3, 3', 4', 5, 7-pentahydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one (3), kaemperol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3-[[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-1, 4, 5-trihydroxycyclohexane carboxylic acid (5) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (6) were isolated from the methanolic extracts of the all part of Climacium dendroides. Their structure were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. All compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant Climacium dendroides.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.309-320
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• 2017

In this study, the antioxidative effects and component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Annona muricata leaf were investigated. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, total antioxidant capacities were estimated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay and $^1O_2$ quenching effects were estimated. Free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 45.6, 29.8 and $18.0{\mu}g/mL$, and total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) were 4.4, 1.1 and $2.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. As a result of $^1O_2$ quenching experiment, ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction showed similar activities to L-ascorbic acid used as a comparative control. The cellular protective effects of 50% ethanol extract on the $^1O_2-induced$ cellular damage of human erythrocytes were exhibited at concentration-dependent ($5-50{\mu}g/mL$). TLC and HPLC were used to analyse components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of Annona muricata leaf. In ethyl acetate fraction, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, nicotiflorin (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), p-coumaric acid were identified. In aglycone fraction, kaempferol was identified. These results suggest that the extracts of Annona muricata leaf have the applicability as antioxidant cosmeceutical ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.647-657
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidative effects and active component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Prunella vulgaris L. were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($15.25{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($8.68{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction ($8.25{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($4.68{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($1.00{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction($1.02{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. In the cellular protective effect against $^1O_2$ induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes, extract/fractions of P. vulgaris L. were increased in a concentration dependent manner($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, ${\tau}_{50}$ of aglycone fraction at concentrations of $25{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effects at 337.9 min. It's showed nine times higher (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=38.7min$) as typical antioxidant in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. TLC and HPLC were used to analyse active components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of P. vulgaris L. In ethyl acetate fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin 3-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) were identified. In aglycone fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, kaempferol were identified. These results indicated that extract/fraction of P. vulgaris L. is may be used in cosmetics industry as natural antioxidants by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 2008

Four compounds, luteolin(1), quercetin(2) astragalin(3), rutin(4), were isolated from the methanol extract of the all part of Polytrichum commune. on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. These compounds have not been isolated from this plant.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 2004

The current study examined the effects of freeze-dried mulberry fruit on disaccharidase activity in the small intestine and the lowering of blood glucose in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to one normal and three streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were fed a mulberry fruit-free diet (DM-group), 0.3% mulberry fruit diet (DM-F group) or 0.6% mulberry fruit diet (DM-2F group). After they were fed the experimental diets for three weeks, diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg b.w before sacrificing 9 days later using the same experimental treatments. Analyses of anthocyanins, flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) of lyophilized mulberry fruit were carried out and the major anthocyanins were rutin (142.5 mg), isoquercitrin (10.3 mg), quercetin (5.8 mg), morin (1.6 mg) dihydroquercetin (3.83 mg), cy-3-O-glucopyranoside (230.45 mg) and cy-3-O-rutinoside (131.5 mg) on the basis of 100 g dry weight. Total DNJ content was 2.39 mg/g dry weight of lyophilized mulberry fruit. Blood glucose level decreased in the diabetic mts fed the mulberry fruit supplement. The content of the liver glycogen increased in the diabetic mts fed the mulberry fruit supplement. Disaccharidase activity in the proximal part of the intestine, such as that of maltase, sucrase and lactase in the mulberry fruit supplementation groups, were lower than that of the DM group. These results suggest that mulberry fruit possess a suppressive effect on hyperglycemia, possibly by inhibiting the activity of disaccharidase in the small intestine of rats.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Globally, mulberry (Morus sp.) is exploited for feeding leaf to silkworms in order to obtain silk fiber or for animal feedstock production. Also, mulberry fruit is known to a by-product that was produced from mulberry tree after harvesting leaves for silkworm rearing, as a yield and consumption of mulberry fruit was increased, it has been fixing to a newincome crop. Mulberry leaves and fruits are used for the health benefits of human beings. Mulberry contains various bioactive components, such as alkaloids and flavonoids. Mulberry flavonoids are an important part of the diet because of their effects on human nutrition. The flavonoids in mulberry leaf and fruit of 'Suhyang'(Morus alba L.) were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Flavonoids for mulberry leaf and fruit of 'Suhyang' were analysed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS)technique. An UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS system was used, and identification of mulberry leaves constituents was carried out on the basis of the complementary information obtained from LC spectra, MS ions, and MS/MS fragments. The mulberry leaf (16 flavonoids) and fruit (9 flavonoids) were isolated and analyzed from Suhyang using UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS chromatogram. To the best of our knowledge, Quercetin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl) glucoside and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was detected on the highest content in leaf and fruit, respectively and further research will be devoted to evaluate their biological activity. CONCLUSION: Obtaining information about the concentration of functional materials in mulberry leaves could contribute to the development and promotion of processed, functional products and offer possible industrial use of 'Suhyang', holding promises to enhance the overall profitability of sericulture.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.734-741
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• 2016

Lily (Lilium davidii) is a high-yielding flowering plant. Besides roses and chrysanthemums, lily bulbs have long been used as food and in oriental medicine. However, the usage and value of cut lily bulbs has not been recognized. A bulb whose yield has been decreased is called a waste bulb, and a large amount of such bulbs is discarded every year. In this study, the functionality of waste bulbs from cut lilies was investigated to explore their potential use as a value-added product. We divided lily bulbs into two groups, one group with six varieties of new bulbs (Medusa, Siberia, Woori Tower, Yelloween, Le Reve, and Morning Star) used for cultivation and the other group with six varieties of waste bulbs (Medusa, Siberia, Woori Tower, Yelloween, Sorbonne, and Sheila). Physiological activities (${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH) and 3-ethlbenzthiazolne-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capability and tyrosinase inhibiting activity), the amount of total as well as eight individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, rutin hydrate, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol 3-O-${\beta}$-rutinoside, phloridzin dihydrate, myricetin, and quercetin), and total flavonoid content were measured in the bulbs by high performance liquid chromatography. We detected high amounts of total phenol and total flavonoid as well as high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. More tyrosinase inhibiting activity was detected in the new bulbs than in the waste bulbs. However, both the new and waste bulbs showed a higher inhibitory activity than the standard (100 ppm ascorbic acid). Although the content of phenolic compounds differed among varieties, under the conditions of the experiment, the most abundant phenolics were epicatechins, followed by chlorogenic acid, and rutins. Overall, the waste bulbs had a higher content of these compounds than the new bulbs. Based on these results, we concluded that bulbs from cut lilies could be used as functional foods in the future and farmers could expect economic gain from the hitherto neglected waste bulbs.