• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.599-603
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• 2006

본 연구는 축산물가공공장에서의 살균소독 방법제의 효능을 평가하기 위해 주요 육가공기계 표면인 stainless steel 표면 test와 실제 축산물가공공장 적용 시험을 실시하였다 네 가지 식품위해 세균을 대상으로 simulation한 결과, E. coli, S. aureus, S. Typhimurium에 대하여는 hydrogen peroxide(1,100ppm), iodophor(25ppm) 사용 시 각각 3.5, 3.4, 3.0 log 정도의 균 감소를 보여 살균효과가 가장 컸으며, L. monocytogenes에 대해서는 quaternary ammonium compounds(200 ppm), hydrogen peroxide(1,100 ppm), iodophor(25 ppm)가 가장 좋은 약 2.8 log의 균 감소효과를 나타냈다. 대체적으로 alcohol(70%)의 효과가 가장 낮았고, hydrogen peroxide(1,100 ppm), iodophor(25 ppm)가 비슷한 수준으로 살균효과가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 공장에서는 peroxy compounds와 quaternary ammonium compounds를 적용한 결과, 총균수와 대장균군수 모두 물세척에 비해 큰 균 감소효과를 볼 수 있었다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are now broadly understood as a new kind of ionic liquid (IL) because they exhibit many characteristics and properties similar with ILs. The DESs made of quaternary ammonium salt blended with one of hydrogen bonding donor (HBD) compounds behave as ILs even at very low temperature. In this study, properties such as density, viscosity, surface tension, conductivity, and electrochemical behavior of DESs were reported and their applications were reviewed. Study on DESs has been drawn attention on application in metal finishing, but these solvents can be used in a variety of synthesis, and their potentials have been demonstrated in various areas. DESs are expected to offer applicability by extending the types of salts and hydrogen bond donor mixtures.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1991

Quaternary amines which are widely used as medicines are nitrogen compounds. Metanil yellow(MY) and benzalkonium chloride(BKC) were mixed and added to 10ml of the buffer solution and then the solution was shaken for 5 minutes. The maximum absorption wavelength of the reaction product was 402 nm. Dichloromethane was the best extracting solvent among the several organic solvents and the most suitable pH range was 2~8. When the BKC-MY calibration curve was made in the best experimental condition, the Lambert-Beer's law was obeyed in the range of BKC concentration of 2$\times$$10^{-6}$~9$\times$$10^{-6}$M by UV spectrophotometer. This method was possible to determine quaternary ammonium salts in the pharmaceutical preparation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2003

Although clay can sorb significant amounts of inorganic contaminants from soils and wastewater, the hydration of exchangeable cations in clay minerals makes it hydrophilic at the clay mineral surfaces and interlayers. Thus, natural clays are often ineffective in complexing and stabilizing toxic organic contaminants in soils and groundwater environment. But, substituting these hydrated cations with cationic surfactant such as QAC(Quaternary ammonium Compound) can change the natural clay from hydrophilic to hydropobic. Furthermore functionalized organoclay can act as a powerful dual function sorbent for both toxic metals and organic compounds. It also can be used as landfill clay liners, slurry walls, nano-composite materials, petroleum tank farms, waste treatment, and filter systems. To use this modified clay minerals effectively, it is required to understand the fundamental chemistry of organoclay, synthetic procedures, its engineering application, bioavailability of sorbed ion-clay complex, and potential risk of organoclay. In this review, we investigate the use, application and historical background of the organoclay in remediation technology. The state-of-the-art of organoclay research is also discussed. Finally, we suggest some future implications of organoclay in environmental research.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.971-975
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• 2008

This study was to examine the potential disinfection efficiencies of 10 compounds by determining their antimicrobial capacity and ichthyotoxicity. Antimicrobial effects against Vibrio sp., Edwadsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were tested using 10 different disinfectants; hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, povidon iodine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), ortho-dichlorobenzen, and copper sulfate. Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) containing 5% $ClO_2$ and copper sulfate had no effects on bactericidal activity, while the other disinfectants resulted in 99.99% bactericidal activity against 4 strains of fish pathogenic bacteria. The ichthyotoxicity of the 10 disinfectants was investigated using 3 kinds of fish species; flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes pachycephalus), and black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) values of the 10 disinfectants were estimated to determine toxicity ranges of the doses within 24 hr. Among test disinfectant solutions, hydrogen peroxide showed the highest $LC_50$ in flounder (201.3), rockfish (269.7), and black sea bream (139.3 ppm). DDAC revealed the lowest $LC_{50}$ in flounder (2.1), rockfish (1.0), and black sea bream (1.5 ppm). These results suggest that DDAC, quaternary ammonium compounds, glutaraldehyde, and sodium hypochlorite are effective disinfectants for fish and bacterial species examined in this study.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1987

Surface chemical properties including surface tension, Ross-Miles foaming power, foam stabilities, emulsifying properties, emulsion stabilities, effectiveness of dispersion, dispersion stabilites of the quaternary ammonium salt type deoxyaminoimositol derivatives such as sixteen kinds of dimethylafkyl-deoxyscyllo-inosityl- dimethylalkyl-2-deoxy-2-myo-inosityl-, dimethylakyl-2-deoxy-2-epi-inosityl- and dimethylalkyl-4-deoxy-4-myo-inosityl ammonium chlorides are tested. And critical micelle concentration of these compounds are estimated from the curves of surface tension and concentration. The experimental results show that the members of this class of compounds have necessary surface active properties to make them effective surfactants.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.205-211
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 A.cycloclast ATCC 21921 균주를 사용하여 $\gamma$-butyrobetaine으로부터 L-carnitine을 생산하는 최적 조건에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 배양액 내에 $\gamma$-butyrobetaine 만을 포함하였을때는 최대 L-carnitine 생산량이 29g/L이었고 전환수율도 30.9 mol%로 매우 낮았다. L-carmtine 생산에 미치는 탄소원의 영향을 관찰한 결과 glycerol을 첨가할 경우 L-carnitine 생산량이 4.6g/L 그리고 전환수율이 88.2 mol%로 $\gamma$-butyrobetaineaks을 포함하였을 때보다 월등히 향상되었다. Betaine, chohne와 같은 quaternary ammonium compounds 들이 L-carnitine 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사해본 결과, 이들에 의하여 L-carntine 생산 속도가 빨라지고 전환수율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 기질인 $\gamma$-butyrobetaine 농도 3% 이상에서 세포 생장은 저해되고 L-carnitine 생산은 기질 농도 2-3%에서 가장 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 구한 최적 생산 조건, 다시 말해서 glycerol과 choline을 배양액에 포함하고 기질의 농도를 2%^로 하여 플라스크에서 회분식 배양을 하였을 때, 배양 4일 만에 최대 7.2g/L의 L-carrutine을 생산할 수 있었고 이때 $\gamma$-butyrobetaine으로부터 L-carnitine에로의 전환수율은 98.7mol%이었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.575-581
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• 2020

낮은 표면저항값과 높은 투과도가 요구되는 LCD용 대전방지필름에 사용할 수 있는 무색상을 지닌 대전방지제를 개발하였다. 리튬 불소계 화합물과 4차 암모늄염 중에서 전기전도도를 바탕으로 대전방지 물질을 선정하고 대전방지제를 제조하여 표면저항값을 측정하였다. 그 결과 대체적으로 전도도가 높은 물질이 비교적 낮은 표면저항값 즉 상대적으로 양호한 대전방지 성능을 보여주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 선정된 대전방지 물질을 중심으로 최적의 대전방지제를 제조하는 배합비를 실험계획법을 통하여 수립하고 각 인자들이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 대전방지 물질로 사용한 리튬 불소계 화합물의 사용량이 많을수록, 상대적으로 다관능기를 갖는 올리고머의 사용비율이 높을수록 표면저항값이 작게 나타났다. 4차 암모늄염은 리튬 불소계 화합물의 대전방지 성능을 증가시켰으나 사용량에 따른 영향은 상대적으로 크지 않았다. 대전방지용 PET 필름을 제조한 후 특성을 평가한 결과 낮은 표면저항값(<10⁹ Ω/sq.) 및 높은 투과도(>92%), 낮은 헤이즈(<0.5%) 및 높은 백색도(L^⁎>95)를 나타내었다. 또한 고온 고습의 조건하에서도 10% 이내의 안정적인 표면저항 변화율을 보임으로서 대전방지필름의 신뢰도가 아주 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercial disinfectants at inactivating Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in water. Disinfectant I contained 6.15% sodium hypochlorite, and disinfectant II contained both 2.25% n-alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride and 2.25% n-alkyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride. Disinfectant I was added to distilled water to obtain a range of residual chloride concentrations at 50 ppm intervals with a maximum of 1-1,000 ppm. Disinfectant II was prepared at concentrations ranging from 1-200 ppm with 5 ppm intervals. Exposure time for all solutions was 10 min. In total, 58 E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains were tested in this study. Nine isolates were obtained from clinical samples, and 49 isolates were obtained from environmental samples. Seven strains (6 clinical and 1 environmental) were able to survive in 100 ppm disinfectant I, and a maximum of 5 ppm of disinfectant II. Fifty one strains (3 clinical and 48 environmental) were not killed in 10 ppm of disinfectant I and 1 ppm of disinfectant II in water. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that clinical E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains displayed 5- to 10-fold higher resistance to disinfectants than environmental E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) strains. Disinfectant II, containing quaternary ammonium compounds, was shown to be more potent in inactivating E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in water used to clean infant formula manufacturing equipment than disinfectant I.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.1799-1804
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• 2019

The concept of a new method, the CARBEX (CARBonate EXtraction) process, was proposed for reprocessing of spent uranium oxide fuel. The proposed process is based on use of water solutions of $Na_2CO_3$ or $(NH_4)_2CO_3$ and solvent extraction (SE) by the quaternary ammonium compounds for selective recovery and purification of U from the fission products (FPs). Applying of SE allows to reach high degree of purification of U from FPs. Carrying out the processes in poorly aggressive alkaline carbonate media leads to increasing safety of SNF's reprocessing and better selectivity of separation of lanthanides and actinides. Moreover carbonate reprocessing media allows to carry out a recycling and regeneration of reagents. We have been done laboratory scale experiments on the extraction components of simulated voloxidated spent fuel in the solutions of NaOH or $Na_2CO_3-H_2O_2$ and recovery of U from carbonate solutions by SE method using carbonate of methyltrioctylammonium in toluene. It was shown that the purification factors of U from impurities of simulated FPs reached values $10^3-10^5$. The received results support our opinion that CARBEX after the further development can become more safe, simple and profitable method of spent fuel reprocessing.