• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2019

Background: Live fish import may lead to the unintended introduction of pathogens. We examined the monthly distribution of microbial pathogens in ornamental finfish imported into South Korea over a 6-month period. Results: Vibrio alginolyticus was detected in one lemon damsel in June and July; V. vulnificus was detected in one lemon damsel, one caerulean damsel, and one pearl-spot chromis and one ocellaris clownfish in July, April, and May, respectively; Photobacterium damselae was detected in one ocellaris clownfish and one caerulean damsel in June and July, respectively; V. anguillarum was detected in one pearl-spot chromis in February; V. harveyi was detected in one ocellaris clownfish and two mandarin fish in February and April, respectively; Yersinia ruckeri was detected in a pearlscale goldfish group in June and July and in two colored carp groups in July; and Lactococcus garvieae was detected in a lemon damsel group and a sutchi catfish group in July and May, respectively. European catfish virus, the only viral pathogen detected, was found in two sutchi catfish groups in May. Conclusion: This study is the first to identify pathogenic species and the presence or absence of pathogens (non-quarantine diseases) in imported ornamental finfish. These results demonstrate that various pathogens with the potential to harm indigenous fish populations can accompany ornamental finfish imported into South Korea.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2017

DWV, IAPV, KBV, SBV, BQCV, kSBV, SBPV and Paenibacillus larvae, Mellisococcus plutonius, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Klebsiella oxytoca의 뒤영벌 병원체들에 대한 다중 실시간 중합효소 연쇄반응법(PCR)을 개발하였다. 하나의 시료에서 추출된 핵산은 11종 PCR들에 같은 시간 및 조건으로 사용될 수 있으며, 각 병원체 특이 표적 DNA가 PCR 기질로 1000분자가 존재한다면, 해당 특이 PCR 증폭산물들은 정성적, 정량적으로 20분안에 성공적으로 증폭되었다. 우리가 제안하는 이 다중 PCR 검출법이 뒤영벌의 국제교역을 위한 검역검사에 사용되기를 기대한다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

딸기 세균성모무늬병은 딸기를 기주로 하여 발생하며 큰 피해를 발생시킨다. 병원균의 전반은 관수의 형태, 감염된 모주의 이용 그리고 작업자에 의해 이루어지며 현재까지 명확한 화학적방제법이 개발되어 있지 않다. 2010년, 국내의 모무늬병원균에 대한 최초 보고에 따르면 병징으로서 잎 뒷면에 수침상의 각진 병반이 형성되며 습도가 높고 적합한 환경에서 세균침출액을 형성하게 되고 또한 진전된 경우 잎에서 적갈색의 병반이 형성된다고 보고하였다. 현재까지 이루어진 연구에 따르면 딸기 세균성모무늬병에 대하여 두 가지 품종이 저항성을 지니고 있다는 연구 결과가 있으며 감염된 포장에서는 수확량의 10%를 감소를 나타낸다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 모무늬병원균에 대한 국내에서의 활발한 연구가 이루어져 있지 않은 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 딸기 모무늬병에 대하여 원인병원균이 Xanthomonas fragariae 병원균에 의하여 발생됨을 보고하는 바이며 병원성검증실험 진행한 결과 국내의 딸기재배 품종인 매향과 설향 중 매향이 감수성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 또한 NaDCC처리시 98%이상의 방제가가 확인되었으므로 친환경방제제로서의 가능성을 제시하며 이러한 연구결과들은 국내에 발생되어있는 딸기 세균성모무늬병에 대하여 기초적 자료로서 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2001

본 시험의 목적은 국내에서 분리된 강병원성 뉴캣슬병 바이러스를 SPF(specific pathogen free)닭에 접종을 하여 병리학적 변화와 각 조직내의 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 항원의 분포를 조사하여 국내분리 바이러스들간의 조직내 친화성을 비교함으로써 분리 바이러스간 병리학적 차이점을 규명하는 것이다. 병리학적 검사를 위하여 가능한 대부분의 조직을 채취하였으며 항원검사는 특이성을 높이기 위하여 단클론성 항체를 이용하였다. 검사결과를 요약하면 뉴캣슬병 바이러스를 접종한 모든 닭들은 접종 후 3일부터 폐사가 시작되어 접종 후 9일에 100% 폐사하였으며 대부분의 접종군은 접종후 5일에서 6일 사이에 폐사가 있었으나 8248 계군은 접종후 7일에서 9일 사이에 모두 폐사를 하여 다른 접종군과 확연히 다른 폐사양상을 보였다. 그러나, 폐사한 닭들은 접종 바이러스에 관계없이 임상증상은 비슷하였다. 일반적으로 접종 후 3일이 경과하면 급격한 활동저하와 함께 빈사상태를 보였고 일단 빈사상태까지 진행된 접종 닭은 다시 회복하지 못하였다. 병리조직학적 소견은 과거 연구자들이 강병원성 뉴캣슬병에서 흔히 관찰하였던 장, 기낭, 폐장에서의 출혈소견 들을 발견할 수 있었으며 접종한 바이러스에 따른 병리학적 변화의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 공통적인 병변으로서 대표적인 것은 면역기관인 F. bursa, 흉선, 비장에서의 탐식세포 및 단핵 세포의 괴사로서 과거의 문헌들에서 기술된 병변과 비교해 볼 때 이 면역기관에서의 괴사소견은 강병원성 뉴캣슬병의 가장 특징적인 조직학적 병변인 것으로 판단된다. 조직병변과 바이러스간의 유기적 관계를 알아보기 위해 면역화학조직검사법(Immuno histo chemistry)이 많이 이용되는데 본 실험에서도 이 방법을 사용하여 국내분리주들간의 조직친화성을 비교하여 보았다.지하였으며 폐사율은 각각 1.9%, 1.9%, 2.9%와 1.0%로써 대조군의 4.8%에 비하여 낮은 수준을 보여 질병에 대한 저항능력이 향상되었다.kg/h로 분석되었다. 6. 건조작업 중에 소요되는 전력은 9.5~19.3 Wh/kg이었으며, 연료효율 6.9~9.3kg-$H_2$O/L와 열효율 50.2~65.1%에 의한 수분증발량은 124.0~125.4 kg-$H_2$O/h 로 나타났다. 7. 건조기의 열효율을 70%를 기준으로 평가한다면, 시작기의 열효율은 조금 낮은 수준이며, 열관리 계통의 개선을 필요로 하였다. 8. 제작된 계분건조기의 시작기를 15,000수 규모의 양계농장에서 사용한다면 관행의 계분처리 방법에 비하여 약 590,700(원/월)의 비용을 절감할 수 있을 것으로 추정되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.429-432
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• 2009

An unreported disease of apricot was observed in orchards in Zhejiang province, China. Symptoms started as water soaked lesions on the fruit surface. Later, water-soaked areas developed and spread to the entire fruit, resulting in soft rot of the whole fruit. The causal organism isolated from symptomatic fruits was identified as Burkholderia cepacia based on its biochemical and physiological characteristics and confirmed by the cellular fatty acid composition and Biolog data as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates caused similar symptoms when inoculated onto fruits of apricot. In addition, European plum, Japanese plum, nectarine and kiwifruit were susceptible to the B. cepacia pathogen. However, the B. cepacia pathogen failed to cause any visible symptoms when it was inoculated onto 16 other fruits. This is the first report of a bacterial disease of apricot caused by B. cepacia in China.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2002

Modified-live (ML) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccines have been widely used as a preventive measure in Korea since the first outbreak of ITL. Recently, it has been observed that chickens vaccinated with the commercially available ML ILT vaccine have sometimes exhibited adverse clinical signs. In this study, we evaluated the quality of the vaccines by comparing titer of each vaccine batch and testing the stability of ILT virus (ILTV) in vaccine diluents and compared the safety and efficacy of vaccines in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The ratio of maximum titer to minimum titer of vaccine produced by most manufacturers was 2 to 15. However, 2 out of 11 manufacturers produced vaccines of which the ratio was 74 to 478. Most vaccines examined were maintained vaccine titers suitable for national regulations within expiry date. However, some vaccines did not keep the titer required for the national regulations. In the test for stability of ILTV in various diluents, ILTV was highly stable in lactose-phosphate-glutamine-gelatin solution, sucrose-phophate-glutamine-albumin solution and some vaccine diluents produced by manufacturers. The safety of ML ILT vaccines was assessed in 10-day-old SPF chicks. Mortality in SPF chicks inoculated intratracheally with one dose of vaccine varied depending on vaccines and some vaccines produced 50-85% mortality. Seven-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated intraocularly with ML ILT vaccines and then challenged intratracheally with ILT challenge virus 14 days after vaccination. The protection rate was assessed by clinical signs and reisolation of the ILT challenge virus from tracheas taken at day 4 after challenge. There were slight respiratory reactions in some vaccinated chickens after vaccination but these reactions disappeared within 5 days after vaccination. No further clinical signs and death were observed. Protection rate determined by clinical signs and mortality was 100% in all vaccinated groups. However, the challenge virus was isolated from all tracheas of chickens vaccinated with vaccine B or control groups. The challenge virus was also isolated in the trachea of one in five chickens vaccinated with either vaccine F or K, but not in tracheas of chickens vaccinated with other vaccines. In the present study, the stability of vaccine diluents, pathogenicity and protection rate based on reisolation test of the challenge virus were different depending on vaccines produced by eleven manufacturers.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.310-313
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• 2008

C. perfringens is the most important enteric clostridial pathogen of animals. C. perfringens type A has been associated with hemorrhagic enteritis in a wide lange of domestic and wild mammals. But all types of C. perfringens can be normal inhabitants of the intestine of most mammals. We have a special case that showed C. perfringens type A infection in a hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) cub at Seoul Grand Park Zoo. Male, hippopotamus cub died in 3 days after birth. Clinical features of the hippopotamus cub have showed lethargy and anorexia before death. Gross post-mortem findings of the hippopotamus were hemorrhagic enteritis of intestine. Histopathologically, ruminant stomach and intestine showed hemorrhagic lesions and the lumen of the small intestine was filled with mucoid and hemorrhagic fluid. Also, intestine and stomach of hippopotamus were distended with gas and hemorrhagic fluid. C. perfringens was isolated in culture of small intestine and the presence of C. perfringens type A was confirmed by PCR. This case indicated that C. perfringens type A could be considered as a virulence factor responsible for causing death of a newborn hippopotamus.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.353-358
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• 1998

A mysterious disease with vesicle-like nodules in dairy cattle udder has been drawn attention to the foreign animal disease expert at the National Veterinary Research Institute. Immediately dispatched foreign animal disease expert, pathologist and regional veterinary officials executed quarantine nearby affected farm area to prevent transmission of the pathogen which was possibly contagious vesicular disease agents in domestic animals such as FMD or SVD. Proper samples were collected for the laboratory examination. Vesicle-like lesions were only detected in lactating dairy cattle and no distinct clinical signs have been observed in affected animals. Parapox and papillomavirus particles have been demonstrated on electromicroscopical examination from nodular samples of udder lesions of the dairy cattle. Characteristic papilloma virus particles with 55nm in diameter and parapoxvirus with 150nm in diameter and 350nm long oval shape particles were detected and confirmed by embryonated chicken egg inoculation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2009

This study investigated the epidemiology of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen. The epidemiology of food-borne pathogens is of great importance for clarifying bacterial origin and preventing bacterial contamination and infection. This work examined 68 L. monocytogenes strains, including 11 reference strains and 57 isolates from imported US beef, domestic meats (beef, pork, chicken meat), raw milk, and milk plants. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques were optimized to develop a standard molecular epidemiological analysis of L. monocytogenes. There was great genetic variability among the isolates, which produced 24 and 34 RAPD patterns with primer HLWL85 and HLWL74, respectively. The discriminatory power of the RAPD methods with HLWL85 and HLWL74 primer were very high (DI = 0.957; S ${\geq}$ 80%, S ${\geq}$ 95%). Some RAPD types were specific to origin. A few RAPD types were specific for L. monocytogenes strains belonging to a particular serotype. Using the HLWL85 primer, the strains isolated from milk plants could be distinguished from the other strains. And using the HLWL74 primer, the strains isolated from imported beef (US) could be distinguished completely from the other strains.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2001

잠두위조바이러스(broad bean wilt virus) 5종의 분리주에 대하여 명아주 등 29종의 지표식물반응에 의한 병원성을 분류하였다. 이들 분리주에 감염된 세포에서 3종류의 서로 다른 특이한 미세구조가 관찰되었다. 첫번째 구조는 바이러스입자로 된 $1\sim2$층의 원형관(tube)이고, 둘째는 6각형의 벌집구조(comb)로서 이것은 외부모양이 원형 또는 각으로 된 구조로 구분되었으며, 셋째는 세포원형질 내에 존재하는 다량의 막구조(membrane proliferation)이었다.