• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.747-761
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Korea, studies of diet in elementary school children are hindered by the need for a comprehensive dietary assessment tool. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Korean elementary school children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The 24-h recall data for 1,624 subjects aged 6-11 yrs from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to extract the items included in the questionnaire. The FFQ items were developed by selecting major dishes based on the results of nutritional contribution and between-person variability for energy and 14 nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorous, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C). We selected the major dishes with over 90% of the total contribution to each nutrient and with over 90% of the accumulated R² for each nutrient. Among the 452 dishes, we selected 248 dishes contributing more than 1% of the total consumption. RESULTS: Finally, the FFQ included 107 items combined from 248 dishes based on nutrient profile and recipe. The FFQ items accounted for an average of 88.6% of the energy, 14 nutrient intakes, and 91.4% of the between-person variability. Quantities of dietary intake were assessed by 9 categories of frequency and 3 categories of portion size. Percentages of coverage for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calcium were 90.2%, 87.8%, 89.9%, 90.8%, and 88.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a dish-based, semi-quantitative FFQ comprising 107 items for Korean elementary school children aged 6 to 11. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of this FFQ for elementary school children.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.860-885
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• 2005

This study relates to develop a quantitative method through which promising technology-based business items can be discovered and selected. For this study, we utilized patent trend analysis, technology-industry concordance analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis of US patents. By analyzing patent trends and technology-industry concordance, we were able to find out the emerging industry trends : prevalence of bio industry, service industry, and B2C business. From the direct and co-occurrence analysis of newly discovered patent keywords in the year, 2000, 28 promising business item candidates were extracted. Finally, the promising item candidates were prioritized using 4 business attractiveness determinants; market size, product life cycle, degree of the technological innovation, and coincidence with the industry trends. This result implicates that reliable discovery and selection of promising technology-based business items can be performed by a quantitative, objective and low- cost process using knowledge discovery method from patent database instead of peer review.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2002

Association rule mining is an exploratory learning task to discover some hidden dependency relationships among items in transaction data. Quantitative association rules denote association rules with both categorical and quantitative attributes. There have been several works on quantitative association rule mining such as the application of fuzzy techniques to quantitative association rule mining, the generalized association rule mining for quantitative association rules, and importance weight incorporation into association rule mining fer taking into account the users interest. This paper introduces a new method for generalized fuzzy quantitative association rule mining with importance weights. The method uses fuzzy concept hierarchies fer categorical attributes and generalization hierarchies of fuzzy linguistic terms fur quantitative attributes. It enables the users to flexibly perform the association rule mining by controlling the generalization levels for attributes and the importance weights f3r attributes.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2019

밀집도가 높은 국내 기존 도심지를 대상으로 공동구를 새로이 계획할 경우에는 정량적 평가지표에 의한 타당성 평가시스템과 경제성 평가를 이용한 최적 설계용량 결정 등의 합리적인 의사결정 과정이 필요하다. 그러므로 이전 연구에서는 도심지 유형별 특성을 고려한 의사결정 계층구조를 구성하고 정량적 평가지표 항목에 대한 계층의사분석(AHP)을 통해서 개별 상위지표(3개) 부문과 하위지표(16개) 항목의 중요도 가중치를 제시하였다. 또한 도심지 공동구에 적합한 비용 편익 분석을 위해서 교통사고 감소효과, 차량소음 저감효과, 사회 경제적 손실 등의 3개 항목을 새로이 추가하여 10개의 편익 항목, 8개의 비용 항목을 고려한 경제성 평가방법이 제시되었다. 본 연구는 도로관리, 공공시설, 도시환경 부문의 하위 16개 평가지표의 중요도 가중치를 활용한 정량적 타당성 평가방법을 제시하고 서울시 주간선도로 123개 구간을 대상으로 타당성 평가를 실시하였다. 또한 타당성 평가결과와 경제성 평가결과를 비교하여 문제점을 분석하고 두 평가결과의 조합에 의한 종합평가 방법을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 정량적 타당성 평가와 경제성 평가시스템의 로직을 프로그래밍하여 개발할 예정인 설계용량 최적화 프로그램은 도심지 공동구의 계획 및 설계 단계에서 활용되며 궁극적으로 도심지 공동구 활성화에 기여하게 될 것이다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권10호
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• pp.2597-2607
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• 1999

본 논문은 기존의 수량적 연관규칙탐사를 위한 고빈도항목열 생성방법이 가지고 있는 문제점을 해결하는 효율적인 고빈도항목열 생성기법을 제안한다. 제안된 생성기법은 분할과정에서 최소분할지지율을 이용하여 분할간격을 유동적으로 결정하는 방법과 데이타의 집중도를 우선 순위로 하여 분할된 소간격을 병합하는 방법을 사용한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 기존의 방법보다 세밀한 고빈도항목열을 생성할 수 있는 것과 데이타들의 특성을 잃어버리지 않는 특징을 갖는다. 성능평가를 통하여 제안된 방법이 기존의 방법에 비해 보다 효율적인 고빈도항목열을 생성함을 보인다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제3권8호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2014

본 연구는 취약점 분석 평가 수행 시 N/A 점검항목이 보안 수준 결과에 미치는 영향 정도를 분석하였다. 이를 위하여, 본 논문에서는 취약점 분석 평가 범위 및 점검항목과 정량적 산출 방식을 이용하였으며, 항목의 중요성에 따른 등급과 가중치를 부여하였다. 또한, 주위 환경과 IT 기술 발달로 기관은 항상 위험에 노출되어 있으므로 위험 허용 수준을 적용하여 실증적 분석을 수행하였다. 분석한 결과, N/A 점검항목이 보안 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 증명되었다. 즉, 취약점 분석 평가 수행 시 기관 특성상 연계성이 없는 점검항목은 제외시켜야 하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 실증검증을 토대로 기관 특성과 연계성을 갖지 않는 항목을 제외한 후 보안 수준 평가를 수행해야 함을 시사 하였으며, 기관 특성을 고려한 취약점 분석 평가 점검항목 정립 모델 연구가 필요함을 제시하였다.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2023

Purpose: The small-scale environmental impact assessment system in Korea was introduced and implemented in August 2000, but it has a problem that it cannot guarantee implementation due to the large proportion of qualitative reduction measures for each evaluation item. Therefore, when preparing a small-scale environmental impact assessment, research was conducted on how to improve the existing simple listing-type reduction measures and qualitative evaluation standards to quantitative reduction measures and evaluation standards reflecting regional characteristics. Research design, data and methodology: The small-scale environmental impact assessment system in Korea was introduced and implemented in August 2000, but it has a problem that it cannot guarantee implementation due to the large proportion of qualitative reduction measures for each evaluation item. Therefore, when preparing a small-scale environmental impact assessment, research was conducted on how to improve the existing simple listing-type reduction measures and qualitative evaluation standards to quantitative reduction measures and evaluation standards reflecting regional characteristics. Results: As a result of the analysis of qualitative and quantitative factors, the arithmetic sum of the qualitative factors of the total six projects is 160, accounting for 80% of the total number of reduction measures, and the quantitative factors are 40, accounting for 20%. Among them, the number of qualitative reduction measures reached 97.4% for animal and plant items, and more than 90% for air quality, noise and vibration, and eco-friendly resource circulation items. Conclusions: Therefore, it is necessary to avoid establishing qualitative reduction measures and set quantitative measures as the basis, but to specify the specifications, size, and installation location related to the reduction measures, and to calculate the numerical reduction efficiency.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

많은 불확실성 항목들은 소프트웨어 실행 시에 존재한다. 특히, 유사한 분야에서 전반적인 시스템에 많은 영향을 주게 된다. 불확실성 요소와 같은 모호성 요소의 관리는 소프트웨어 신뢰성을 위하여 중요한 요소가 된다. 따라서 모호성을 식별하여 불확실성 요소를 제거하도록 판단기준을 프로세스화 하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 개발 시, 모호성을 제거하기 위한 불확실성 식별 기준과 불확실성 처리 프로세스 및 정량적인 평가에 대하여 제시한다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2007

It is reported that many users of the subways in Seoul are not currently satisfied with the subway services. The cause of the dissatisfaction is that the qualitative items and indexes are not considered properly, and also does not diversify the evaluation items to follow the change of subway environment. Therefore in this study the evaluation items and indexes that can reflect of the subway users' characteristics are examined and synthesized. Then the characteristics of service are analyzed for the senior subway system users and junior subway system users that are classified with the cluster analysis. The result of the study is that the majority of users on subway are not satisfied the qualitative items which are safety, kindness, comfortableness, convenience excepting for punctuality and accessibility. So, if the service of subway users improve, the qualitative items is needed to consider with quantitative items.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the status of quality control using multipurpose phantom of ultrasound equipment used in hospital of veterinary college in South Korea by using ATS-539 multipurpose phantom so as to examine quantitative and objective new image evaluation method. Specialists discussed and analyzed multipurpose phantom images acquired by using convex transducer of 10 ultrasound imaging devices, currently used in 9 veterinary colleges, at 4.0-6.0 MHz. Total 8 items that can be measured with ATS-539 multipurpose phantom including dead zone, vertical and horizontal measurement, axial/lateral resolution, sensitivity, focal zone, functional resolution and gray scale/dynamic range were evaluated. For qualitative evaluation, valid decisions were made based on dead zone, axial/lateral resolution, and gray scale/dynamic range which are resolution index, and coefficient of variation (COV) and blind referenceless image spatial quality evaluator (BRISQUE) were found to increase objectivity. As a result of experiment, all the targeted ultrasonic devices were found appropriate from qualitative evaluation items of dead zone, axial/lateral resolution, and gray scale/dynamic range. In other evaluation items, they were found to be appropriate from focal zone and vertical measurement of quantitative evaluation while inappropriate from horizontal measurement, sensitivity, and functional resolution. COV value was 0.12 ± 0.04, and BRISQUE value was 47.77 ± 2.77, both analysis results show that the noise level of all ultrasonic devices was located within tolerance range. Upon image examination using ATS-539 multipurpose phantom, they were 100% appropriate with inspection standards of dead zone, axial/lateral resolution, and gray scale/dynamic range, and besides, focal zone and functional resolution can be used as evaluation items. In the field of veterinary medicine, 8 standard items using ATS-539 multipurpose phantom and image evaluation items using COV and BRISQUE can be used as standards for quality control of ultrasonography machine.