• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1108-1118
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on sleep quality by means of a sleep questionnaire, polysomnography and a cerebral blood flow test in $30{\sim}59$ year old adults. Methods: The study was a sham controlled design. Twenty-two adults were assigned to the pellet stimulating group (11) or sham group (11). The pellet stimulating group received hand acupuncture therapy using New Seoam Press Pellets number 1 for 4 weeks. On the other hand, the sham group used the same Adhesive tape in terms of shape, size and quality as New Seoam Press Pellets number 1 for 4 weeks. A Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography and Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography examination were used for evaluating cerebral blood flow. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 version program with $X^2-test$, Fisher's exact test and Mann Whitney U-test. Results: In the pellet stimulating group, subjective sleep quality significantly improved more than that of the sham group. Among the sleep indices of the polysomnography, total sleep time and sleep latency of the sham group significantly improved. The cerebral blood flow test didn't show any differences. Conclusion: These results suggest that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for subjective sleep improvement only, not polysomnographical sleep indices and cerebral blood flow.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.211-235
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to design an extensive evaluation model for the quality of web-based database and to make a comparative analysis of People's awareness of the importance of assessment indices. The evaluation standard developed in this study was constituted by 19 indices and 45 elements in three different areas, including data, service and effectiveness. And a survey was conducted on database experts and nonprofessional users to find out their awareness of the importance of web-based database evaluation elements, and the findings of the study might contribute to laying the foundation for expediting more in-depth research efforts in the future.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2001

Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) has a process to cause the degradation of the electric power quality such as voltage flicker. In order to adequately understand and analyze the effects on the power system from these loads, obtaining an accurate representation of the characteristics of the loads is crucial. In this paper, a mixed chaotic EAF model to represent the low frequency and high frequency variations of the arc current respectively has been proposed. The Lorenz system may contribute to the low frequency components of arc current and the logistic equation may contribute to the high frequency components, and the proposed mixed model will be a combination of both Lorenz and logistic model. The concept of chaotic parameters, such as chaotic resistance, inductance of admittance has been also proposed for the characterization of arc furnace operation and the highly nonlinear physical processes. The power quality indices are calculated from the simulated waveforms and compared with the actual power quality indices statistics in order to illustrate the model's capabilities.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.215-217
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• 2009

Sixty four samples of cocoa beans replicated in quadruplicates were collected from five warehouses from southwest Nigeria and examined for fungal loads, ergosterol and eohratoxin A The levels of all the variables obtained were further used as indices for cocoa grading into food quality, FoQ (erg < 5 mg/kg; OTA < $1{\mu}g$/kg), feed quality, FeQ (erg = $5{\sim}10\;mg$/kg; OTA in the range of $1.1{\sim}3.11{\mu}g$/kg), Screen for mycotoxin, SFM (erg = $10{\sim}20\;mg$/kg; OTA from $3.12{\mu}g$/kg and above) with fuel quality, FuQ having erg > 20 mg/kg and OTA > $6.12{\mu}g$/kg. Using these ergosterol indices, 18.75% of the cocoa beans examined was classified with the FoQ, 18.75% with the FuQ while 31.25% was classified with both the FeQ and the SFM, respectively. In conclusion, ergosterol can be used as a rapid index to grade fermented, dried cocoa beans meant for export.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2013

The excessive and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in the past has brought serious soil and other environmental problems so alternatives over this agrochemical are being searched. Our study focuses on the effects of expanded rice hull inoculated with selected beneficial microorganisms on growth (through agronomic characters), yield and yield components, and grain quality indices of rice. Results showed that favorable effects of different expanded rice hull preparations were not readily apparent at vegetative stage and only treatments with supplemental chemical fertilizer application were comparable with the conventional practice. Expanded rice hull combined with 50% rate of chemical fertilizer exhibited a significantly higher yield (6,471 kg $ha^{-1}$) over conventional practice (5,719 kg $ha^{-1}$). Good milling quality indices were observed in treatments having 50% chemical fertilizers plus alternatives from expanded rice hull. Finally, we demonstrated that chemical fertilizer rate can potentially be reduced into 50% if combined with expanded rice hull, and show even better output than chemical fertilizer alone.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1007-1021
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• 2018

Community dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrates and biological evaluation of water quality were investigated at Gigyecheon of Pohang and Gyeongju, Korea. The survey was carried out at 8 sites from May to October, 2017. As a result, total of 104 species under 54 families, 15 orders, 8 classes in 4 phyla with 5,052 individuals were revealed. The number of species was the most abundantly identified in aquatic insects, 76 species under 34 families, 6 orders. Among them, the order Odonata was the most abundant taxon as 21 species(20.2%). The most abundant individuals were collected in the phylum Mollusca as 1,453 individuals(28.8%). Various species appeared dominantly at each site by season, and the most dominant species was Caridina denticulata denticulata belonging to the class Malacostraca with 0.08 of dominance index. According to the results of community structure analyses, the diversity and richness indices were the highest at site II, the evenness index was the highest at site I, and the dominance index was the highest at site IV. The number of species and individuals of gathering collectors were the highest among functional feeding groups. Those of sprawlers were the highest among habitat orientation groups. The ESB showed a tendency to change according to season and site, and it was the highest in May at most surveyed sites. The KSI was also somewhat fluctuated according to season and site. From these indices, average biological water quality was evaluated as class II.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1867-1870
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• 2003

Since degraded region of input image can cause false minutiae which lead to decrease identification performance, use minutiae belong to only good quality to ensure true minutiae. This paper suggests image quality measuring method with respect to local and global orientation of ridges. In order to verify a suggested method, PDFs of quality indices derived by local and global feature are computed and then, classifying each image block using Bayesian decision theory.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1621-1625
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• 2015

Power quality has always been a concern of power engineers. Certainly an argument can be successfully made that most parts of power engineering have the ultimate objective to improve power quality. AC motors were widely used in industrial and domestic applications. Generally, AC motors were of two types: Induction and Synchronous motors. In motor many parameters like different load cycling, switching, working in hot weather and unbalances creates harmonics which creates major reasons for temperature rise of the motors. Due to high peak value of voltage, harmonics can weaken insulation in cables, windings and capacitors and different electronic components. Higher value of harmonics increase the motor current and decrease the power factor which will reduce the life time of the motor and increase the overall rating of all electrical equipments. Harmonics reduction of all the motors in India will save more power. Coating of windings of the motor with nano fillers will reduce the amount of harmonics in the motor. Based on the previous project works, actions were taken to use the enamel filled with various nano fillers for the coating of the windings of the different AC motors. Ball mill method was used to convert the micro particles of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂ and ZnO into nano particles. SEM, TEM and XRD were used to augment the particle size of the powder. The synthesized nano powders were mixed with the enamel by using ultrasonic vibrator. Then the enamel mixed with the nano fillers was coated to the windings of the several AC motors. Harmonics were measured in terms of various indices like THD, VHD, CHD and DIN by using Harmonic analyzer. There are many other measures and indices to describe power quality, but none is applicable in all cases and in many instances, these indices may hide more than they show. Sometimes power quality indices were used as a basis of comparison and standardization. The efficiency of the motors was increased by 5 – 10 %. The thermal withstanding capacity of the motor was increased by 5º to 15º C. The harmonics of the motors were reduced by 10 – 50%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.6 s.119
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Land use types within a watershed closely are related with the water quality characteristics of receiving water bodies. Despite of a numerous studies suggesting a strong relationship between water quality and land use, there have been increasing concerns about the geographical variation and a lack of spatial integration in that relationship, which are essential to implementing these findings into land use planning and management. In the meantime, edges mediate the material flux between adjacent systems. This mediating effect of edges is strongly related to the complexity of their shapes. Land use activities within a watershed have a direct impact on the water quality of adjacent aquatic systems, and hydrological processes carry residuals from watershed into adjacent aquatic ecosystems through the edges. Therefore, the geometry of reservoirs theoretically affects the relationship between land uses in the watershed and the quality of receiving bodies of water. In this light, this study integrates the geo-spatial dimensions of land uses in the watershed using GIS and landscape indices in order to explore the relationship between land uses and water quality. Water quality characteristics, land uses and geometry of 133 randomly sampled reservoirs were correlated, based on buffer zones and types of reservoirs. The findings showed that land uses, particularly urban land uses, significantly affect water quality characteristics including BOD, COD, TN and TP, and geometry of reservoirs reduces the concentration of pollutant and nutrients in reservoirs. One of results indicates that the relationship between land use and water quality and effects of spatial dimension may vary with types of reservoirs and pollutants. These results suggest that lakeshore areas are important, particularly for TN reduction and call for a caution to land use activities nearby shoreline areas for sustaining better water quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.42
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• pp.73-85
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• 1997

In the product liability age the demand on quality is extremely high and inspection and test are automated. The process capability indices $C_p, {\;}C_{pk}$ and p control chart widely used to provide unitless measure of process performance and process control. Traditional process capability indices $C_p, {\;}C_{pk}$ do not represent the process variation from target value. The convention p chart for control of fraction nonconforming becomes inadequate when the fraction nonconforming becomes very small such as PPM level production system. This paper proposes process performance measure considering quadratic loss function and cumulative counts control chart for control of PPM level production system.