• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1303-1314
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare preferences of consumers between food items made from modified cassava flour and plain flour using sensory tests. This study is a qualitative research with an experimental approach and four food items, namely streamed brownies, cookies, fried mushrooms, and seasoning flour have been used for the study. Each of these food items are made from modified cassava flour and plain flour. Panelists wore blindfolds and tasted the food items except the seasoning flour. Based on the data analysis, the panelists have different preferences towards the four food items. The result of the paired Wilcoxon test showed that there is not any different preference in terms of taste of steamed brownies made from mocaf or plain flour, while there is a significant difference in terms of color, aroma, texture, and appearance between the steamed brownies made from mocaf and plain flour. Consumers decide to buy products made from mocaf because these products use local flour and are gluten-free. This article describes the customer's preference based on sensory analysis between products made from mocaf and ones made from plain flour. The result can be used as the basis for developing food items made from local flour and alternative food for customers allergic to gluten.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.575-589
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• 2018

This study analyzed the changes in Electroencephalogram(EEG) and Electrocardiogram(ECG) depending on the healing environment in order to find a way to improve the forest healing program based on the healing environment in response to the demand for qualitative improvement of the program since the program is a charged service. This study selected eight sites running forest healing programs at four national healing forests (i.e., Saneum, Cheongtaesan, Daegwanryeng, and Jangseong) - two routes per national healing forest - considering forest environments. This study chose NUMBER standard sampling plots ($20{\times}20m$) and measured three atmospheric environment items, seven physical environment items, two soil environment items, and eight vegetation environment items including forest sound and anion at each plot to evaluate physiological changes in it. EEG and ECG, which have been widely used in forest healing evaluation, were utilized as criteria. Seventy three subjects were selected with taking the age, drug, caffeine, smoking, and the time of last meal into consideration. As a result, EEG changes were correlated with three atmospheric environment items, six physical environment items, one soil environment item, and two vegetation environment items. ECG changes were significantly correlated with two atmospheric environment items, six physical environment items, two soil environment items, and two vegetation environment items (p<.05). It is expected that 11 environmental factors such as temperature, density, and altitude affecting EEG (e.g., alpha balance and gamma balance) and ECG (e.g., HRV mean) could be used as effective tools in developing more differentiated programs for improving healing effects.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

Artificial ground greening has been developed gradually in accordance with increasing demands of out-door space in Apartment complexes. Nowadays other social demand, environmental load abatement, needs qualitative growth of artificial ground greening as well as quantitative growth. So the objects of this study would be seizing and analyzing changeable items in artificial ground greening in the future, and show drafting materials for the development of spheres in connected with artificial ground greening. For this study, Delphi method was applied. First, three groups of panel, 48 people, were selected. Second, set up items of changes possible in the future from the first questionnaire and additional inquiry. Third, made up the second questionnaire of change possible in the future with Likert summated scale, and finally one way - ANOVA executed; independent variables were items of changes, and dependent variables were three groups of panel. To conclude, although limits of this study, we could glance over general flows and changes in artificial ground greening, and discover items which are hardly changeable and necessary to change in present condition of artificial ground greening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.977-993
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• 2017

In this study, we develop a scale to measure brand image attributes related to the symbolic use of fashion brands, and then, test the validity and reliability of the scale. In Study 1, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to generate the initial set of measurement items. Nominal Group Technique was subsequently conducted to refine the measurement items in a qualitative way. In Study 2, an expert survey was performed to further refine the measurement items in a quantitative way. In Study 3, a consumer survey was performed to determine the final set of measurement items and validate it. The scale of brand attribute symbolism consists of 21 items with six factors (i.e., Strength, Intellect, Cheerfulness, Traditional Femininity, Nature, and Affordability). The six-factor, 21-item scale is found valid and reliable. Implications, limitations of this study, and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2019

This study revises current feasibility evaluation guideline for agricultural infrastructure improvement project considering recent changes in social and economic environment in rural area. We use an AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) approach to consider qualitative evaluation items in policy enforcement and balanced regional development as well as quantitative items in current economic analysis in the process of feasibility evaluation and decision making. The criteria system is composed of three level hierarchy. In the first level which consists of economic analysis, policy analysis, and regional development analysis, economic analysis was ranked top with relative weight of 0.45 and regional development analysis the lowest with 0.22. In the second level which consists of three evaluation items under policy analysis, consistency in policy enforcement, risk factors, and special evaluation factors, consistency in policy enforcement was ranked top. Finally, 13 detailed evaluation items in the third level were surveyed and ranked by using a comprehensive criticality vector. The result shows that the three most important evaluation items are 'degree of underdevelopment', 'spill-over effect of regional economy' and 'consistency with related planning and policy direction'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.910
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• pp.1253-1264
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop clothing shopping orientation[CSO] scale reflecting the conceptual structure of CSO. For this purpose, a questionnaire composed of comprehensive 85 CSO items was developed through 2-step preliminary tests. Data was collected from two samples. One sample(n=559) was for scale development and the other sample(n=235) was for cross validity test. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysis. For each lower-dimension within the CSO conceptual structure model, 1-2 items were selected based on the quantitative and the qualitative standards. As a result, a CSO scale composed of 31 items was developed, and reliability, construct validity, cross validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity of the scale were verified. This study has significance in offering the standardized scale to both the academic and the practical fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.4 s.33
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

The objective of public works planning is being converted from economic growth to sustainable development. So, the demand for considering social & ecological influences as well as economic components had been increased in evaluation of public works planning. In evaluation of public works, its components related with benefit and cost in feasibility analysis can be classified to qualitative and qualitative elements. Qualitative elements are evaluated by qualitative methods which can manage various items, be commonly applied nationwide, and consider elements that can be calculated numerically such as environments, willingness, etc. In this study, using the concept of 'Information measure', a method to design planning of rural works is proposed. 'Information benefit model' for rural works can evaluate present plan in the side of provider's and demander's 'benefit'. And, optimizing method of rural works by 'Information benefit' can simulate present state and optimize the site and route of rural works.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.255-264
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• 2008

Objectives: This study adopted a qualitative method to explore the layman's beliefs and experience concerning high blood pressure and its management in order to develop a strategy to increase adherence to proper medical treatment. Methods: Semi-structured interviews that focused on personal experiences with hypertension and its management were conducted with 26 hypertensive patients. The participants were selected according to a BP above 140/90 mmHg (hypertension stage 1), based on the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-VII). The interviews lasted for approximately 30 minutes (range: 20-60 minutes). The resulting questions were formulated into open-ended questions. The interview questionnaire was composed 17 items to examine non-adherence to treatment and 19 items to examine adherence to treatment. Results: Most participants recognized that the direct cause of high blood pressure was unhealthy behavior rather than inheritance. Thus, the hypertensive patient believed they could recover their blood pressure to a normal level through removing the direct cause of hypertension (weight reduction, diet, exercise) instead of taking drugs. The reasons for these statements were that the drugs for controlling hypertension are not natural or they are artificial, and they may have side effects, and drugs are not treatment for the root cause of hypertension. Most of the hypertensive patients chose to manage their behaviors as soon as they knew their blood pressure was high. Therefore, we should not divide the subjects into two groups according to their taking drugs or not, but they should be divided into two groups according to their willingness or not to manage their condition. Conclusions: For developing a strategy for an individual approach to hypertension management, we need to develop a client-centered attitude and strategy. That is, we need to tailor our approach to individual cases to avoid generalizations and stereotyping when developing an adherence increasing strategy.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.59-75
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• 2012

The purpose of the study shall be to achieve an understanding of learning and emotional support services for adolescents being raised by their grandparents. In-depth interview and qualitative methodology were used to find changes in the service experiences of 10 adolescents being raised by their grandparents by analyzing their experiences at a health family support center. 1 agency in the Chungnam area was selected as a model for its program for adolescents being raised by their grandparents. Ultimately, 78 items as sub-concepts, 44 items as sub-categories, and 4 items as subjects were identified. Specifically, these included school achievement, peer group relationship, family relationship and significant others. In conclusion, they were found to experience slower physical and emotional development and tend to withdraw in social situations. They were also found to have experienced difficulties in communicating with other people and with school achievement. However, it was shown that these adolescents have made positive changes after participating in a program involving a family coach who supports and provides services for them. Also, they were found to have experienced psychologically changes, and improved in their school achievement and personal relationships. Consequently, we will require more effort to provide emotional support, adult role models, counseling intervention, and social support for them.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.132-143
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of psychodrama group counselling, and to determine its applicability as a nursing intervention for the promotion of mental health of clients in their developmental stages. Methodological triangulation was used for research design. For quantitative study, quasi experimental study design with nonequivalent control group was used to test the effects of psychodrama group counselling. For each experimental and control group convenient samples of 15 nursing students were selected, and observed from May to Nov. 2000. For experimental group, the treatment was given for 2 hours each week, totaling 20 hours. The questionnaire consisted of 24 items of physical symptoms from CMI. 40 items of Spielberger Anxiety Scale, and 21 items of Beck Depression Scale. Reflective journal was written by the experimental group. The data were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test. For the qualitative study, the contents of the reflective journal were analyzed into categories and classifications. The results of the study were as follows; 1. There was a significant difference on physical health status between the experimental and the control group 2. There was a significant difference between two groups on the mean scores of mental health before and after psychodrama group counselling. 3. The qualitative analysis of reflective journal resulted in 4 categories and 13 classifications, which was reflected by the experience of the psychodrama group counselling. The four categories were self introspection, psychological support, improvement of interpersonal relationship and self development. The thirteen classifications are self-discovery, discovering others, emotional catharsis, positive thinking, formation of consensus, comforting, being free, being comfortable, understanding, maturing personal relationship, acquiring self-confidence, new challenges, and planning for the future. Based on the study findings, the psychodrama group counselling had promoted not only physical but also mental health of nursing students. The characteristics identified by the study suggested the applicability of psychodrama group counselling as an effective measure of nursing intervention for clients.