• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1557-1562
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• 1999

As a series of studies on the preservation methods for boiled-dried anchovies, determination of sorption properties and shelf-life prediction were made for the samples. Dried anchovies, which were gamma-irradiated at pre-established dose (5 kGy) after packaging in both a polyethylene film (PE, 0.1 mm) and a laminated film $(nylon\;15\;{\mu}m/polyethylene\;100\;{\mu}m,\;NY/PE)$, were subjected to a quality evaluation during 4 months at different storage conditions, such as $15^{\circ}C/68%\;RH,\;25{\circ}C/75%\;RH,\;and\;35^{\circ}C/84%$ RH. The sample showed 5.47% of BET monomolecular layer moisture content and the corresponding water activity, 0.15. The velocity constants of browning reaction and organoleptic changes in the sample were in proportion to storage temperature, and $Q_{10}$, values were ranged from 2.17 to 2.40 in a given packaging and irradiation conditions. In the shelf-life prediction of the stored sample at $25^{\circ}C$, non-irradiated groups packaged in PE and NY/PE were 84 days and 125 days. While 5 kGy-irradiated groups in the same packaging were 126 days and 138 days, respectively. This finding proved the efficacy of laminated-film packaging and irradiation treatment in preserving the quality of dried anchovies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.331-335
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• 1985

Series of study were conducted to develop a method for longterm storage of chest-nut with preserving it's taste and freshness. Experiments were carried out with Korean chest-nut (Castanea crenata var. Okkwang) sealed in polyethylene (P.E) film stored under the ambient and low temperature. Summarized results are as follow: After the harvest, $CO_2$ produced by chest-nut at the early storage was increased with temperature increase. Q10 mg/kg/day, the temperature index of $CO_2$production, by chest-nut ranged 2.4-2.7. It was available to store chest-nut in good condition with 8-15% total loss upto the following may at the ambient temperature sealed in 0.03 mm P.E. film, and upto the following july at the low temperature if sealed in 0.03 or 0.05 mm P.E. film. Throughout the period from one month after the innitiation upto the end of the storage, the rate of $CO_2$and $O_2$ was maintained near the optimum condition for the CA storage of chest-nut. The taste of chest-nut was improved during the storage due to increased reducing-sugar and decreased wate soluble tannin. However, the taste become bitter and unacceptable from the early stage of the storage when used the thicker P.E. film (than above mentioned) for the sealing.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

The herbicidal activities against pre-emergence barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) by a series of new 2-(4-(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxy)phenoxy)-N-phenylpopionamide derivatives as substrate molecule were studied using molecular holographic (H) quantitative structure activity relationships (HQSAR) methodology. From the based on the findings, the higher herbicidal active compounds are predicted by the derived HQSAR model. The best HQSAR model (VI-1) was derived from fragment distinction combination of atoms/bonds in fragment size, $7{\sim}10$bin. The herbicidal activities from atomic contribution maps showed that the activity will be able to increased according to the R-substituents variation of the N-phenyl ring and change of 6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxy group. Based on the results, the statistical results of the best HQSAR model (VI-1) exhibited the best pedictability and fitness for the herbicidal activities based on the cross-validated value ($q^2=0.646$) and non cross-validated value ($r^2_{ncv.}=0.917$), respectively. From the graphical analyses of atomic contribution maps, it was revealed that the lowest herbicidal activitics depends upon the 4-(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxy)phenoxy group ($pred.pI_{50}=-3.20$). Particularly, the R=4-fluoro, X=isobutoxy substituent (P2) of (X)-phenoxy-N-(R)-phenylpropionamide derivative is predicted as the highest active compound ($pred.pI_{50}=9.12$).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

The is study is to evaluate the small strain shear modulus ($G_{max}$) of Busan clay using in-situ penetration tests. A series of dilatometer tests (DMT) and piezocone penetration tests (CPTu) are performed at Busan newport and Noksan sites, and hybrid oedometer tests are also carried out on the specimens obtained from both sites. The $G_{max}$ is evaluated from the shear wave velocity ($V_s$) measured by the bender elements installed at the boundary of oedometer cell. By analyzing these data, the relationship of $G_{max}$ and state variables, such as confined stress and void ratio, is developed. The analysis of lab and in-situ test results reveals that the ratio of $G_{max}$ to $q_t$ is inversely proportional to the plasticity index while the ratio of $G_{max}$ to $E_D$ has a linear relationship with ($I/I_D$)$(p_a/{\sigma}'_v)^{0.5}$. Two correlations suggested in this study, based on CPT and DMT results, appear to provide reasonable predictions of the small strain shear modulus.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2007

A series of CIDC triaxial tests and cone penetration tests in calibration chamber were performed to investigate the relationship between state parameter and normalized cone resistance far dredged Busan sand. From the results of the triaxial tests, the critical state line of Busan sand was established, and the critical state parameters found to be $M=1.39(\phi_{cs}=34^{\circ}),\;\Gamma=1.07$ and $\lambda=0.068$. By analyzing the state parameters and corresponding cone resistances for calibration chamber specimens, the relationship between normalized cone resistance and state parameter for Busan sand was defined as $(q_c-p)/p'=27.6\exp(-10.9\Psi)$. This relationship was also shown to be independent of the stress history. From the comparison of the slope of the normalized cone resistance, m, and the normalized cone resistance at $\Psi=0$, $\kappa$, with those of various sandy soils from over the world, the relationship of m and $\kappa$ with $\lambda_{ss}$ of Busan sand was concluded to show a good agreement with the result published previously, while Busan sand had the largest $\kappa$ among the soils with similar $\lambda_{ss}$ values.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2015

We improved the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover map over the Asia-Oceania region through the reclassification of the misclassified pixels. The misclassified pixels are defined where the number of land cover types are greater than 3 from the 12 years of MODIS land cover map. The ratio of misclassified pixels in this region amounts to 17.53%. The MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series over the correctly classified pixels showed that continuous variation with time without noises. However, there are so many unreasonable fluctuations in the NDVI time series for the misclassified pixels. To improve the quality of input data for the reclassification, we corrected the MODIS NDVI using Correction based on Spatial and Temporal Continuity (CSaTC) developed by Cho and Suh (2013). Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) was used for the clustering of NDVI data over the misclassified pixels and land cover types was determined based on the seasonal variation pattern of NDVI. The final land cover map was generated through the merging of correctly classified MODIS land cover map and reclassified land cover map. The validation results using the 138 ground truth data showed that the overall accuracy of classification is improved from 68% of original MODIS land cover map to 74% of reclassified land cover map.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1141-1148
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• 2008

Geometry optimizations and electronic structure calculations are reported for meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) and a series of meso-substituted catecholic porphyrins (KP99150, KP99151, KP99152, KP99153, and KP99090) using density functional theory (DFT). The calculated B3LYP//RHF bond lengths are slightly longer than those of LSDA//RHF. The calculated electronic structures clearly show that TPP and meso-catecholic group contribute to π-electron conjugation along porphyrin ring for HOMO and LUMO, significantly reduced the HOMO-LUMO gap. The wavelength due to B3LYP energy gaps is favored with experimental value in Soret (B), and LSDA energy gaps are favored with experimental value in visible bands (Q). The electronic effect of the catecholic groups is to reduced energies of both the HOMOs and LUMOs. However, the distortion of porphyrin predominantly raises the energies of the HOMOs, so the net result is a large drop in HOMO and smaller drop in LUMO energies upon meso-substituted catecholic group of the porphyrin macrocycle as shown in KP99151 and KP99152 of Figure 5(a). These results are in reasonable agreement with normal-coordinate structural decomposition (NSD) results. The HOMO-LUMO gap is an important factor to consider in the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2017

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) belongs to the family of receptor tyrosine kinase. They play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, migration, survival, wound healing, haematopoiesis and tumorigenesis. FGFRs are reported to cause several types of cancers in humans which make it an important drug target. In the current study, HQSAR analysis was performed on a series of recently reported 1H-Pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as FGFR antagonists. The model was developed with Atom (A) and bond (B) connection (C), chirality (Ch), hydrogen (H) and donor/acceptor (DA) parameters and with different set of atom counts to improve the model. A reasonable HQSAR model ($q^2=0.701$, SDEP=0.654, NOC=5, $r^2=0.926$, SEE=0.325, BHL=71) was generated which showed good predictive ability. The contribution map depicted the atom contribution in inhibitory effect. A contribution map for the most active compound (compound 24) indicated that hydrogen and nitrogen atoms in the side chains of ring B as well as hydrogen atoms in the side chain of ring C and the nitrogen atom in the ring D contributed positively to the activity in inhibitory effect whereas, the lowest active compound (compound 04) showed negative contribution to inhibitory effect. Thus results of our study can provide insights in the designing potent and selective FGFR kinase inhibitors.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2010

Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS) is the major pathogenic component of periodontal disease. In this study, we have attempted to determine the expression profiles of the signal transduction pathway genes induced by Pg LPS in comparison with Escherichia (E.) coli LPS (Ec LPS). DC2.4 cells were treated for two hours with $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Pg LPS or $0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Ec LPS. The total RNA from these cells was then isolated and reverse-transcribed. Gene expression profiles were then analyzed with a signal transduction pathway finder GEArray Q series kit and significant changes in expression were confirmed by real-time PCR. The microarray results indicated that several genes, including Tnfrsf10b, Vcam1, Scyb9, Trim25, Klk6, and Stra6 were upregulated in the DC2.4 cells in response to Pg LPS treatment, but were downregulated or unaffected by Ec LPS. Realtime PCR revealed that the expression of Trim25, Scyb9 and Tnfrsf10b was increased over the untreated control. Notably, Trim25 and Tnfrsf10b were more strongly induced by Pg LPS than by Ec LPS. These results provide greater insight into the signal transduction pathways that are altered by P. gingivalis LPS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.161-170
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• 2012

Based on the qualitative analysis, 4 factors of dance giftedness were operationally defined and test items were initially developed accordingly. The preliminary test data obtained from 206 dancers was analyzed, using item analysis and a series of reliability analyses. In order to dancer the construct validity, four exploratory factor analyses were conducted for 54 items, resulting in 20 items of 4 factors; physique, dance attitude Expressiveness and creativity, movement ability. A confirmatory factor analysis conducted for 292 dancers to test the goodness-of-fit of 4 factor model revealed a satisfactory level of $x^2$, Q, root mean square residual(RMR), goodness of fit index(GFI), Tucker-Lewis index(TLI), comparative fit index(CFI), root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA). The concurrent and cross validity indices proved the validity of 20 items of 4 factors.